Saccharin

Artificial sweetener, High intensity sweetener, Saccharin

1. Group 4 5/25/2017 1

2. G roup’s members Ngo Cam Huynh Bui Thi Y Nhu Hoang Thi Anh Phan Hoai Diem Pham Minh Tuan 5/25/2017 2

3. Saccharin is an artificial sweetener. U sed as a non-caloric sweetener 300–400 times as sweet as sucrose. U sed to sweeten products such as drinks, candies, cookies, medicines, and toothpaste. INTRODUCTION 5/25/2017 3

4. In 1879, Saccharin discovered by C. Fahlberg who is a chemist working coal tar derivatives in Remsen’s laboratory, Johns Hopkins University. In 1885 Saccharin first introduced at Antwerp Trade Fair as a cheap and readily-available substitute for sugar. In 1907, An illegal substitution of a valuable ingredient (sugar) by a less valuable ingredient . I n 1912, Food Inspection Decision 142 stated that saccharin was not harmful. In 1960, saccharin was used by diabetics at the United States, saccharin is often found in restaurants with brand is " Sweet'n Low ". HISTORY 5/25/2017 4

5. 1970s, saccharine induces bladder cancer in rats  warning label addition In 2000, warning label was removed  safe for consumption 5/25/2017 5 HISTORY 5/25/2017 4

6. Saccharin is a cyclic sulfimide . Molecular formula : Another name : “ benzoic sunfimit ” or “ ortho sunphobenzamit ” . The free acid of saccharin has a low pKa of 1.6   FORMULA AND PROPERTIES 5/25/2017 6

7. Molecular weight: 183.17g / mol Specific Gravity: 0.828g / Melting temperature: 228.8 - 229.7 Water solubility: 1g / 270ml water   5/25/2017 7

8. Odorless white crystals or crystalline powder Intensely sweet taste. It can have an unpleasant, bitter aftertaste Slightly soluble in benzene, ethyl ether, chloroform; soluble in acetone and ethanol heat stable 5/25/2017 8

9. APPLICATION OF SACCHARINE Saccharine is often featured in various vitamin supplements and medicines and it can be used for the baking as a substitute for sugar. Saccharine has been used to sweeten foods and beverages without calories. Saccharine provides products with increased stability, improved taste, lower production costs and more choices for the consumer. 5/25/2017 9

10. Saccharin is especially beneficial to people with diabetes and the obese, and reduce dental cavities . The use of saccharin is particularly important to those whose diets require a restriction of caloric or carbohydrate intake, such as people with diabetes 5/25/2017 10

11. APPROVED OR NON-APPROVED ? Saccharine is now one of five FDA-approved artificial sweeteners, and is also an approved food additive in Europe and most countries around the world 5/25/2017 11

12. Positive effects: Replacing sugar with a low-calorie sweetener may benefit weight loss and protect against obesity Saccharin is often recommended as a sugar substitute for people with diabetes reduce the risk of cavities SIDE EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH 5/25/2017 12

13. Negative effects: Acute( short-term) health effects: irritate the skin Chronic(long-term) health effects: Cancer hazard: not classifiable as to its potential to cause cancer Reproduction hazard: not affect reproduction Other long-term effects: In very high concentration , cause a skin allergy itching and a skin rash SIDE EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH 5/25/2017 13

14. 5/25/2017 14 T he FDA : the daily allowance (ADI) is 5mg / kg body weight T he WHO : 0-15mg / kg body weight. DOSING FOR USE For example: A person weighing 50kg, the maximum amount of saccharin taken into the body is 50 kg x 15mg / kg = 750mg / day. It is best to use only 30% ADI sugar, which is only 250mg / day.

15. 5/25/2017 15 Saccharin is considered as a functional food that is no toxin to human health. However, there are some problem that relate to using of Saccharin. A llergic reactions ( sulfonamide) in people taking sulfa drugs. Symptoms with allergies include headache, difficulty breathing, rash, diarrhea. Saccharin was found in milk is also a risk factor for muscle dysfunction. For objects such as pregnant women, infants and especially infants should not use products containing saccharin CONCLUSION

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