Sadabahar(periwinkle)

Anti cancer plant

1. SADABAHAR( Periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus ) By-Kisan Kumar I.I.T ROORKEE (http://www.homeremediess.com/medicinal-plant-catharanthus-roseus-vinca-benefits-and-images/) (Lucid Key Server )

2. Contents Introduction Phytochemical elements Extraction of phytochemical elements Challenge Mode of action Side effects Applications Conclusion

3. Introduction Catharanthus roseus  ( Vinca ) also known as the Madagascar periwinkle or rosy periwinkle or  Sadabahar  is grown as an ornamental plant in the garden as well as used for medical purpose. The plant is a native of Madagascar but also found in Australia, South Africa and Asia. In India, it is mostly found in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Gujarat, Odisha, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh. Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Gentianales Family: Apocynaceae Genus: Catharanthus Species: C. roseus (http://www.visionlearning.com/)

4. Morphology Leaf Bark www.googleimages.com

5. Phytochemical elements Alkaloids Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids(MIAs) Vinblastine Vincristine Vinflunine Ajmalicine Serpentine Catharanthine Vindoline Reserpine

6. Vinflunine Ajmalicine Reserpine Catharanthine Vindoline

7. Medicinal Properties Leaves Vomitive Used in diabetes (Enhanced secretion of insulin) Young leaves for stomach cramps Alkaloids anti-cancer As application to wasp,bee stings Root Purgative,vermifuge,depurative,hemostatic For dysentery Antibacterial,antifungal

8. Medical Properties Flowers Extract used for eyewash in infants Asthma International Journal of Life Sciences Biotechnology and Pharma Research Vol. 5, No. 1, June 2016 , A Study on Potential Phytopharmaceuticals Assets in Catharanthus roseus Author- Priyanka Tolambiya and Sujata Mathur

9. Vincristine & Vinblastine Catharanthus roseus –Studied extensively for its remarkable anticancer constituents i.e.-Vincristine & Vinblastine. These two are very powerful anticancerous compounds of terpenoid indole alkaloids. The productivity of vinblastine and vincristine is very low in plants (0.001-0.0003%) resulting in their extraordinary high price.This poses a serious challenge to all including biotechnologists as to improve the yield and to reduce unit cost. Vincristine – C 46 H 56 N 4 O 10, more active,less stable,less used,used in acute leukemia especially in children.

10. Vincristine & Vinblastine Vinblastine- C 46 H 58 N 4 O 9 ,more used,used for Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, brain cancer, melanoma, and testicular cancer .

11. Extraction Method- 5 kg powdered plant of  C. roseus  was percolated with methanol (95 %, 10 L × 3) for 1 hour each. The methanolic extracts were filtered and concentrated at 50 °C  in vacuo  to 500 ml, diluted with water (200 ml), acidified with 1 N sulfuric acid (pH 2) and extracted with ethyl acetate (500 ml × 3). The EtOAc extract was discarded out. The aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 6.4 using NH 4 OH solution (25 %) and then extracted with methylene chloride (500 ml × 3). The combined methylene chloride extract was washed with water till free from acidity, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to give an alkaloidal fraction (F). www.mdpi.org/molecules(A Simplified Procedure for Indole Alkaloid Extraction from Catharanthus roseus )2007, Arvind Verma 1,2,*, Into Laakso 2,*, Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso 3

12. Mechanism VINBLASTINE&VINCRISTINE BINDS TO BETA TUBULIN(drug tubulin complex) DISRUPTION OF MITOTIC SPINDLE CHROMOSOMES FAIL TO MOVE APART DURING MITOSIS METAPHASE ARREST CELL DIVISION INHIBITED (http://www.intechopen.com/)

13. Side effects Loss of white blood cells and blood platelets, Hair loss,high blood pressure gastrointestinal problems,depression,muscle cramps vertigo and headaches Vinblastine -Causes birth defects so not used for pregnants,Bonemarrow damage is a limiting factor Vincristine- Neurotoxicity is dose limiting factor causes damage to peripheral NS

14. Therapeutic properties/uses Anti diabetic property- The ethanolic extracts of the leaves and flower of C. roseus showed a dose dependent lowering of blood sugar in comparable to the standard drug gliben clamide . The Hypo glycemic effect has appeareddue to the result of the increase glucose utilization in the liver. Anti bacterial property- Crude extracts from different parts of the plant was tested for anti bacterial activity. Extract from leaves showed significantly higher efficacy. The anti bacterial activity of the leaf extract of the plant was checked against micro organism like Pseudomonasaeruginosa NCIM2036, Salmonella typhimuruim NCIM2501, Staphylococus aureus NCIM5021and was found that the extracts could be used as the prophylactic agent in the treatment of manyof the disease. Anti oxidant property- The anti oxidant potential of the ethanolic extract of the roots of the two varieties of C. roseus namely rosea (pink flower) and alba (white flower) was obtained. www.ijpab.com ( Catharanthus roseus (An anti-cancerous drug yielding plant) (2013),Author-Monika sain,Vandana sharma

15. Continued.. Anti helminthic property- Helminthes infections are the chronic illness, The ethanolic extract was found to show the significant anti helminthic activity. Anti ulcer property- Vincamine and Vindoline alkaloids of the plant showed anti ulcer property. Antihypertensive property- Extract of leaves of th plant made significant change in hypotensive. Anti diarrheal property-

16. Conclusion Catharanthus roseus has been investigated clinically as it is an important medicinal plant with immense anti cancerous potentiality.  C.roseus is an amazing chemical factory,producing more than 130 TIAs,some of which exhibit strong pharmacological activities. The plant also possess various properties.Hence most work could be done on the above plant to reveal the unknown mysteries.

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18. References http://www.medicinal2plants.com/2016/02/catharanthus-roseus-sadabahar.html http://indiforestry.blogspot.in/2016/02/catharanthus-roseus.html https://herbpathy.com/Uses-and-Benefits-of-Catharanthus-Roseus-Cid800 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharanthus_roseus http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/12/7/1307/pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816563/ https://www.google.co.in/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=vinca%20alkaloids http://www.tjprc.org/downloadnewensato.php?file=--1468059469-3.%2520IJMPS%2520-%2520Vincristine%2520and%2520Vinblastine%2520A%2520Review.pdf http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0071805 http://www.homeremediess.com/medicinal-plant-catharanthus-roseus-vinca-benefits-and-images/ http://www.ijpab.com/ Journal of Chromatographic Science, Vol. 43,