sadadaddam,;oFormal-and-Informal-LaT.pdf

Title of Course: Foundations of Education
Credit Hours 3 Course Code: EDU361
Course Description
This course will focus on the ideological, philosophical, psychological, socio-economic, and historical foundations of education. The major focus will be on developing an understanding of the participants how different philosophical theories affect education. The course will also include historical development of education of Pakistan. Emphasize will be given on analyzing various sociological, political, economic, and ideological forces that influence the process of education in our culture context. This course will also be used to develop the ability in prospective teachers to interpret knowledge within its historical, philosophical, ideological, and social contexts, which will lead to produce critical perspectives on education both within, and outside of, schools.
Learning outcome
The students will be able to:
• Explain the important features of foundation of education
• Specify the role of educational thinkers in education
• Discuss the modes of education
• Discuss historical development of Pakistan
• Evaluate the issues and problems of education.
Course Outline
Week 1 to 2
Unit 1 Ideological Foundation of Education
1.1. Islamic Foundations
1.2. Islamic Concept of Peace
1.3. Other Religions and Islam
1.4. Ideology and Teachers
Week 3 to 4
Unit 2 Philosophical Foundations of Education
2.1. Philosophy and Education
2.2. Main Philosophical Thoughts
2.3. Idealism
2.4. Realism
2.5. `Pragmatism
2.6. Re-constructionism
Week 5 to 6
Unit 3 Psychological Foundations of Education
3.1. Learning and Maturation
3.2. Individual Differences
3.3. Self Concept
3.4. Academic Aptitude
3.5. Instructional Strategies and Psychology
Week 7 to 8
Unit 4 Socio-Economic Foundations of Education
4.1. Concept of Society and Culture
4.2. Social Conditions and Education
4.3. Economic Conditions and Education
4.4. Politics and Education
After 8 Weeks (Mid Term Exam)
Week 9 to 11
Unit 5 Historical Foundations of Education in Pakistan
5.1. Pre-Pakistan Period (712 A.D. to onward)
5.2. Period from 1947-1958
5.3. Period From 1959-1971
5.4. Period from 1972-1979
5.5. Period from 1980 -1991
5.6. Period from 1992 – to date
Week 12 to 14
Unit 6 Aims of Education
6.1. Aims, Goals and Objectives
6.2. Taxonomies of Objectives
6.3. Aims and Objectives of Education in Pakistan
Week 15 to 16
Unit 7 Problems and Issues in Education in Pakistan
7.1. Universalization of Primary Education
7.2. Literacy
7.3. Medium of Instruction
7.4. Diversification of Education
7.5. Environmental Education
7.6. Gender and Education
7.7. Islamiazation of Education
7.8. Special Education
7.9. Health Education / Drug Education
7.10. HIV / Aids, STIs, Hepatitis
Recommended Book

2. What is Formal
and Informal Language?
Do you know what the difference between formal and informal
language is?
Formal Language
Formal language is used for more official and serious purposes.
The correct grammar and standard English should always
be used.
Informal Language
Informal language is used for more casual and less
serious purposes. Slang words and chatty language
can be used.

3. What is Formal
and Informal Language?
Talk to your partner and decide which of the following are features of
formal language and which are features of informal language:
uses correct grammar
and punctuation
can use contractions and
abbreviations e.g. ‘it’s’ or ‘TV’
uses a ‘chatty’ tone
uses a serious tone
uses correct vocabulary
can use ‘text’
language and slang.

4. What is Formal
and Informal Language?
uses a serious tone
uses correct grammar
and punctuation
uses correct vocabulary
uses a ‘chatty’ tone
can use ‘text’
language and slang
can use contractions and
abbreviations e.g. ‘it’s’ or ‘TV’
formal informal

5. Formal or Informal?
Formal and informal language should be used for different purposes.
Can you decide which sort of language you should use in the following
situations; formal or informal?
talking to friends
writing a job application
writing a letter to gran
talking to the headteacher
sending a text to a friend
writing a letter to The Queen

6. Formal or Informal?
Formal and informal language should be used for different purposes.
Can you decide which sort of language you should use in the following
situations; formal or informal?
talking to friends
writing a job application
writing a letter to gran
talking to the headteacher
sending a text to a friend
writing a letter to The Queen
informal
talking to friends
formal
writing a job application
informal
writing a letter to gran
formal
talking to the headteacher
informal
sending a text to a friend
formal
writing a letter to The Queen

7. Formal and Informal Vocabulary
formal informal
ta
ain’t
ASAP
reckon
wicked
tomoz
we’ve
imagine
wonderful
we have
as soon as possible
are not
thank you
tomorrow

8. Formal or Informal?
Read the following emails and decide whether they are formalor informal
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to inform you of my upset
when I opened the lucky dip bag I had
recently purchased with my own pocket
money.
I was disappointed to find that my favourite
toy brand had been replaced with an
inadequate copy, which even had pieces
missing.
I shall expect to be fully compensated for the
distress and inconvenience this experience
has caused me and hope that you send a
replacement promptly.
Yours sincerely,
Miss F. James
Hi Kerry,
You know the lucky dip bag I bought when
we went into town yesterday? Well, you’ll
never believe what happened when I opened
it –there was a broken, copy of the toy
instead of the real thing!
I was so shocked and annoyed that I’ve
emailed the company to tell them what I
think.
I hope they send me a new one ASAP so I
can complete the set.
Was your pack ok? I hope so.
C u soon,
Frankie

9. Formal or Informal?
Read the following emails and decide whether they are formalor informal
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to inform you of my upset
when I opened the lucky dip bag I had
recently purchased with my own pocket
money.
I was disappointed to find that my favourite
toy brand had been replaced with an
inadequate copy, which even had pieces
missing.
I shall expect to be fully compensated for the
distress and inconvenience this experience
has caused me and hope that you send a
replacement promptly.
Yours sincerely,
Miss F. James
Hi Kerry,
You know the lucky dip bag I bought when
we went into town yesterday? Well, you’ll
never believe what happened when I opened
it –there was a broken, copy of the toy
instead of the real thing!
I was so shocked and annoyed that I’ve
emailed the company to tell them what I
think.
I hope they send me a new one ASAP so I
can complete the set.
Was your pack ok? I hope so.
C u soon,
Frankie
Formal Informal
am writing to inform you
was disappointed to find
inadequate
shall expect to be fully compensated
distress and inconvenience
promptly
Yours sincerely
Miss F. James
Hi Kerry
You know
you’ll
!
shocked and annoyed I’ve
ASAP
Was your pack ok?
C u soon
Frankie
Dear Sir/Madam

10. Formal or Informal Sentences?
Are these sentences formal or informal?
1.That film was sick!
2.I regret to inform you that the swimming pool is now closed.
3.The managing director requests that everyone arrives for the meeting
at 9am prompt.
4.What d’yathink?
5.We were just hanging out in the park.
1.That film was sick! Informal
2.I regret to inform you that the swimming pool is now closed. Formal
3.The managing director requests that everyone arrives for the meeting
at 9am prompt. Formal
4.What d’yathink? Informal
5.We were just hanging out in the park. Informal

11. Informal to Formal Sentences
Write each of these informal sentences in a more formal style.
1.C u soon hopefully.
2.The TV was rubbish, it didn’t even turn on.
3.That was so funny lol!
4.You won’t believe what happened to me yesterday.
1.I hope that I will see you soon.
2.The television was inadequate; it did not even turn on.
3.That was very amusing; I laughed out loud.
4.You will not believe what occurred yesterday.

12. Formal to Informal Sentences
Write each of these sentences in a more informal style:
1.I am writing to complain about the unsatisfactory service that I
received in your shop yesterday afternoon.
2.It is vitally important that all children walk on the left hand side of
the corridor.
3.I guarantee that your journey will be an enjoyable experience.
4.You are not permitted to enter the staff room.
1.I’m writing to moan about the rubbish service I got in your
shop yesterday.
2.It’s really important that kids walk on the left hand side of
the corridor.
3.I’m sure your journey is gonnabe brilliant!
4.You’re not allowed to go in the staff room.