safety and activity(129872528997987).pptx

الصحة والسلامة

1. University of Basra –College of Nursing – Fundamentals of Nursing Department Lecture 8 : (Theory) Safety and activity Assist. Lecture: Haila Malik Sabti Fundamentals of Nursing Department College of Nursing University of Basra First Stage

2. Objectives Definition safety To explain body mechanics To explain good posture To explain patient safety devices and nursing care D efinition activity 2

3. Introduction 3 Nursing is a profession that exposes its members to numerous work-related stressors that can impact their health . New devices have been developed, such as needleless syringes , passive guards on syringes, and sit-to-stand lifts , to address some workplace stressors. However, nurses are increasingly caring for more patients who are obese, acutely ill, and physically dependent and those receiving a variety of radiation and/or intravenous therapies that raise new concerns in relation to the safety of nurses.

4. Definition Safety is freedom from physical or emotional trauma or injury. 4

5. Hazards to Health-Care Providers 1- Back injury . 2- Exposure to a patient receiving radiation therapy . Preventive measures Use appropriate body mechanics. 5

6. 6 Preventive measures Body mechanics is the term used to describe the efficient , coordinated , and safe use of the body to move objects and carry out the Activity of Daily Living (ADL’s).

7. Purposes 1- To maintain good balance. 2- To reduce the energy required. 3- To avoid excessive fatigue. 4- To avoid muscle strains or tears. 5- To avoid skeletal injuries. 6- To avoid injury to the patient. 7- To avoid injury to assisting staff members 7

8. Principles of body mechanics 1- The wider a base of support, the greater of stability. 2- The lower a center of gravity, the greater of stability. 3- The equilibrium of an object is maintained as long as the line of gravity passes through its base of support. 8

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10. Maintaining good posture Posture: position of the body , or the way in which it is held affects a person’s appearance , and ability to use the musculoskeletal system efficiently. Good posture: whether in a standing, sitting, or lying position, distributes gravity through the center of the body over a wide base of support and is important for both clients and nurses. 10

11. Characteristics of good posture 1- The ability to maintain the body upright in good and erect position with less energy. 2- the ability to maintain balance in upright position via keeping the line of gravity near the center of the base of support. 11

12. Effects of good posture 1- Helps the muscles in the body to be unloaded and relaxed. 2- Improves respiratory and circulatory efficiency. 3- Prevents unnecessary strain and fatigue. 4- Decreases the incidence of diseases resulting from bad posture. 5- Improves the subject’s state mentally or psychologically. 12

13. Standing 1- Keep the feet parallel. 2- Distribute weight equally on both feet. 3- Bend the Knees slightly to avoid straining the joints. 4- Maintain the hips at an even level. 13

14. 14 5- pull in the buttocks and hold the abdomen up and in to keep the spine properly aligned. 6- Hold the chest up and slightly forward. 7- Keep the shoulders even and centered above the hips. 8- Hold the head erect with the face forward.

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16. Sitting 1- In a good sitting position, the buttocks and upper thighs become the base of support. 2- Both feet rest on the floor. 3- The knee are bent, with the posterior of the knee free from the edge of the chair to avoid interfering with distal circulation. 16

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18. Patient safety devices Restraints are devices used to limit movement of a body limb or body activity. 18

19. Types of Restraints 1. Physical restraints immobilize a limb or movement of a body part. Examples: include wrist restraint, ankle restraint, cloth vest, and material mitt. 19

20. 20 2. Environmental restraints: confine a person to an area. Examples: include side rails, a wheel chair with an immovable tray, and a seclusion room.

21. 21 3. Chemical restraints: alter disruptive and aggressive behavior so that the patient cannot cause harm to self or others. Examples: include sedatives and psychotropic medications.

22. Mitt Restraint 1- Limits use of fingers. 2- Prevents removal of tubes and scratching. 22

23. Nursing Care • Apply to one or both hands, as ordered. • Tie to an immobile object. • Ensure that the patient can flex and extend the fingers. • Ensure that two fingers can be slid under the wrist strap to ensure that it is not too tight. • Remove the restraint every 2 hours to perform a neurovascular assessment and put the entire extremity through full range-of-motion (ROM) exercises. 23

24. Vest and Jacket Restraints • Prevent getting out of bed or chair. • Permit turning from side to side. 24

25. Nursing Care • Place the device on with the V in the front and the closure at the back. • Ensure that the device does not impair breathing. • Ensure that the patient can turn from side to side. • Encourage the patient to cough and deep breathe every hour. • Remove the restraint every 2 hours and assess skin integrity. 25

26. Wrist and Ankle Restraints • Prevent removal of tubes. • Prevent hitting or kicking others. 26

27. Apply the restraints as ordered, such as two-point (both arms) or four-point (all extremities) restraints. • Place padding around the wrists or ankles before applying the straps. • Make the straps tight enough to prevent removal without impairing circulation (but ensure that two fingers can be slid under the strap). • Remove the restraint every 2 hours to assess neurovascular status and tissue integrity and put the extremity through full ROM exercises . 27

28. A ctivity Physical activity: is bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle contraction that increases energy expenditure. Exercise: is a type of physical activity defined as a planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement performed to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness. 28

29. Therapeutic Exercise Therapeutic Exercise: is the systematic and planned performance of body movements or exercises which aims to improve and restore physical function. 29

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31. Aims of T herapeutic Exercises 1- To improve circulation 2- To improve strength and power 3- To stimulate and increase sensory awareness of movement. 4- To maintain and increase mobility of the joints. 31

32. 32 5- To restore the physiological of the muscle ( excitability, contractility, elasticity). 6- To improve coordination and neuromuscular control. 7- To increase muscle performance and functional capacity. 8- To gain relaxation ( general or local).

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