Safety management

Safety Management system

1. International Institute of Industrial Safety Management Address : # 460 B, 4th Phase, Near NTTF Circle, Adjacent to Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Peenya Industrial Area, Bengaluru. Contact Number : 96636 11714 Done by : Shakthi vijay R Guided by : Mr. Anand T.L Professor and Director – IIISM Website : www.iiism.com Facebook : www.facebook.com/iiismbangalore/ Safety Management

2. Why safety management?

3. What is a Safety Management System? “That part of the overall management systems which includes organisational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the OHS policy, and so managing the risks associated with the business of the organisation.”

4. Alcohol & Drugs Policy Audit Plans Road Safety Plan Safety Drills Security Policy Safety Policy No Structure Structure Policy Process Task Continuous Improvement Safety (HSE Cases) Mgt. policy

5. History of Safety Movement in India and abroad

6. Continued.. The history of safety movement is very closely associated with the history of industrial revolution. The advent of the machine age ushered into dramatic changes in the whole scenario of industries. Although the production got a boost with the introduction of machines, unfortunately a host of problems relating to working conditions surfaced calling for prompt solutions.

7. Safety Before.. Illumination, ventilation and other working conditions were defective to a large extent. Machine guards and other protective devices were unheard of. The workforce, a bulk of which consisted of women and children, was subjected to hard working conditions (the working hours being even 16hours per day).

8. As a result occupational diseases, injuries and deaths were galore. Accidents happened to be the common feature of any industry and the workers accepted the scourge meekly and without any serious protests.

9. But gradually situations started changing, by the end of the first half of 19 th century improving in the favor of the workers. The main sources of change were the following: The trade unions started organizing the workers. Scientific inventions and technological developments brought into existence many safety devices and protective gears. Social workers and enlightened citizens soon realized the enormous costs, both human and economic caused by accidents. The growing political consciousness of the workers along with their organized strength pressurized the state to pass laws making it incumbent on the employers to provide safety devices and pay compensation in the event of injuries caused by accidents and occupational diseases.

10. Establishment of Trade unions.

11. First recorded protest by workers. “Eight-hour day with no cut in pay” was the rallying cry on May 1, 1886, in demonstrations throughout the country.

12. First victory for Labour unions.. The coal strike of 1902 ends in victory for labour unions.

13. Accidents continued to perish.. 1911 : Deadly fire at Triangle Shirtwaist factory leads to higher safety standards

14. Timeline of Safety .. 1561                               George Agricola's book described air venting in mines and use of gloves, leggings and masks. 1830-1850                     First attempt to legislate the working hours of women and children in Great Britain. 1877                              Massachusetts. Law passed compelling guarding of dangerous moving machinery. 1896                              National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), USA. 1910                              The oldest large Occupational Health Institute "The Clinica del Lavoro " in Milan was started.

15. Continued.. 1919                              International Labor Organization (ILO) were established at Geneva, Switzerland. 1941                              Industrial Hygiene Departments set up in 33 States (USA). 1949                               The first national Ergonomics Research Society in UK . 1960                              The Regional Labor" Institute (RLI), Madras was set up. 1965                               The Regional Labor Institute (RLI), Calcutta was set up

16. The ILO is … …the first specialized UN Agency ...devoted to advancing opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity

17. The ILO is… …responsible for drawing up and overseeing international labour standards …the only tripartite UN agency - it brings together representatives of governments, employers and workers to jointly shape policies and programmes …made up of 185 Member States

18. 1. Fundamental principles and rights at work and international labour standards ILO Strategic Objectives :

19. ILO Strategic Objectives : 2. Employment and income opportunities

20. ILO Strategic Objectives : 3. Social protection and social security

21. ILO Strategic Objectives : 4. Social dialogue and finding solutions.

22. SAFETY NOW

23. NEED FOR SAFETY?

24. So why bother with Health & Safety? Legal Moral Business Fines and costs Court time Civil cases Notices Pain and suffering Duty to fellow human being Premiums Uninsured losses Reputation Morale Productivity

25. There are four basic drivers for good health and safety management: The legal reasons are embodied in the criminal and civil law. The humanitarian reasons are centered on the need to protect people from injury and disease while they are at work. The economic reasons come as a sequence of infringements of health and safety law with the consequent fines, compensation payments, associated financial costs and even in extreme cases, imprisonment. T he social reasons is of societal expectations with motto of retaining the reputation of the organization

26. Health and Safety Law Several judgements have established that employers owe a ‘duty of care’ to each of their employees. This duty cannot be assigned to others, even if a consultant is employed to advise on health and safety matters or if employees are sub contracted to work with another employer. Employees have a duty of care placed upon them under section 7 of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974.

27. Other Regulations Management of Health and Safety at Work Regs . 1999 Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Reg.1992 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regs . 2002 Electricity at Work Regs . 1989 Health and Safety (First Aid) Regs 1981 Manual Handling Operations Regs 1992 Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regs . 1996 Reporting Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regs 1995

28. There are 2 sub-divisions of the law that apply to health and safety issues: Criminal Law – rules of behaviour ( Law of the land ). An individual who breaks criminal law is deemed to have committed an offence or crime Civil Law – concerns disputes between people and deals with liability as opposed to guilt eg . negligence

29. CRIMINAL LAW : An individual or organization who breaks criminal law is deemed to have committed an offence or crime and if he/she is prosecuted, the court will determine whether he/she is guilty or not . If the individual is found guilty, the court could sentence him/her to a fine or imprisonment . Although the prime object of a criminal court is the allocation of punishment, the court can award compensation to the victim.

30. CIVIL LAW : Civil law concerns disputes between individuals or individuals and companies. An individual sues another individual/ company to address a civil wrong. For cases involving health and safety, civil disputes usually follow accident s or illnesses and concern negligence or a breach of statutory duty. The court order company is made to pay the compensation . The vast majority of cases is settled out of court.

31. Humanitarian Consideration ( Morale )

32. Humane Prevent suffering and maintain quality of life No-one should be expected to risk life and limb in return for a contract of employment

33. Accidents in different employment sectors for 2016-17 Sector Deaths in lakhs Major Agriculture 7.3 242 Construction 2.7 230 Transport 2.2 374 Manufacturing 0.9 162 Retail and wholesale 0.8 238 Hotel and catering 0.1 65 Health services 0.1 181

34. In moral point of view, an employee should not have to risk injury at work , nor should others associated with the work environment. The humanitarian aspect is supported by the occupational accident and disease rates. There were 26,061 reported major injuries to employees, the most common causes being slipping or tripping (14%) and falls from height (16%). A further 95,369 injuries to employees caused an absence from work of over three days . Of these injuries, the most common causes were handling, lifting or carrying (36%) and slipping or tripping (24%).

35. Proportion (%) of ill Health Cases in 2016 – 17: Type of illlness Diagnosis Mucoskeletal disorders 53 Mental ill health (stress, anxiety) 31 Dermatitis and other skin disorders 10 Other infections 4 Respiratory disease 2 Hearing loss 0.1

36. Economic Consideration

37. Costs of an Accident :

38. Penalties : VIOLATION TYPE PENALTY WILLFUL A violation that the employer intentionally and knowingly commits or a violation that the employer commits with plain indifference to the law. OSHA may propose penalties of up to $70,000 for each willful violation, with a minimum penalty of $5,000 for each willful violation. SERIOUS A violation where there is substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result and that the employer knew, or should have known, of the hazard. There is a mandatory penalty for serious violations which may be up to $7,000. OTHER-THAN-SERIOUS A violation that has a direct relationship to safety and health, but probably would not cause death or serious physical harm. OSHA may propose a penalty of up to $7,000 for each other-than-serious violation. REPEATED A violation that is the same or similar to a previous violation. OSHA may propose penalties of up to $70,000 for each repeated violation.

39. Social Consideration

40. Social considerations. Society influence standards through: People working only for good employers. Degradation of moral Loss of public confidence, on therefore of revenue Loss of prestige

41. Role of Management in Industrial Safety

42. Key Elements

43. Safety policy

44. Key Elements Policy Effective health and safety policies set a clear direction for the organisation to follow.

45. Organising An effective management structure and arrangements are in place for delivering the policy. Key Elements

46. Planning There is a planned and systematic approach to implementing the health and safety policy through an effective health and safety management system.     Key Elements

47. Measuring Performance Performance is measured against agreed standards to reveal when and where improvement is needed. Key Elements

48. Auditing and Reviewing of Performance The organisation learns from all relevant experience and applies the lessons . Key Elements

49. Some of the means by which a manager responsible for any operation can have an effective safety program are to: Establish in writing and disseminate specific and firm safety policies for the organization and ensure that they are observed. Direct the participation of all subordinate organization heads in the safety effort, with specific responsibilities assigned to each . Ensure that each manager passes and suitable guidance to personnel under his or her jurisdiction. Establish a safety element following OSHA standards , which reports directly to the manager, to be sure that the safety program is carried out properly and effectively. Check that safety training is carried out on a continuing basis for supervisors and workers, especially those newly employed or transferred.

50. Check that every reported hazard and every accident is investigated. Establish a program to monitor and audit operational activities for their safety aspects. The manager must ensure that all subordinates or subordinate organizations are participating effectively in the safety program. Establish a safety review board to evaluate discuss and take action on safety problems. The board should review mishap records and reports, hazard and failure reports and safety studies and analysis to establish that improvements are being made where necessary or desirable. Provide budgets adequate for achievement of all safety objectives. Ensure that all OSHA record keeping requirements are being observed faithfully. Above all, maintain an active, effective interest in the safety effort.

51. Practices : 1. A safety policy which states the commitment of the enterprise to safety and health at work 2. A structure to assure implementation of the commitment to safety and health at work 3. Training to equip personnel with knowledge to work safely and without risk to health 4. In-house safety rules to provide instruction for achieving safety management objectives 5. A programme of inspection to identify hazardous conditions and for the rectification of any such conditions at regular intervals or as appropriate 6. A programme to identify hazardous exposure or the risk of such exposure to the workers and to provide suitable personal protective equipment as a last resort where engineering control methods are not feasible 7. Investigation of accidents or incidents to find out the cause of any accident or incident and to develop prompt arrangements to prevent recurrence

52. Practices of Safety Management Safety Policy Hazard Assessment Safe Work Practices Safe Work Procedures Company Safety Rules Personal Protective Equipment Preventative Maintenance Training & Communication Inspections Investigations & Reporting Emergency Preparedness Stats & Records Legislation

53. Unsafe Acts Unsafe acts are activities and/or job performance which employees are involved in and may include: Unauthorized use or operation of equipment. Failure to secure or tie down, or stacking/loading in an unbalanced manner against unexpected movement. Operating or working at an unsafe speed. This includes running and jumping or taking shortcuts . Failure to warn or signal when moving carts or other equipment around corners and in blind spots to alert others to your location. Removing or making safety devices inoperative (For example taking guards off of equipment).

54. Using defective tools or equipment. Using tools or equipment in an unsafe manner . Standing in an unsafe place or assuming an unsafe posture. Always use proper body mechanics and appropriate ladders or step stools. Servicing moving or working equipment. ( Without work permit) Riding hazardous moving equipment. Engaging in horseplay , which is distracting—startling and kidding. Failure to wear personal protective equipment.

55. Unsafe Conditions Unsafe conditions involve the general work environment, equipment, weather as well as activities which employees are involved in and may include: Lack of adequate guards or safety devices. Lack of adequate warning systems (e.g. fire alarms, etc.) Fire and explosion hazards. Unexpected movement hazards. Poor housekeeping, especially slippery surfaces. Protruding object hazards.

56. Close clearance and congestion hazards (e.g. blind corners). Hazardous atmospheric conditions (e.g. ice, snow, rain, heat, sun). Hazardous arrangement, placement, storage. Hazardous defects in tools, equipment, etc . Inadequate illumination, intense noise. Hazardous personal attire.

57. Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition? Act : No guarding on scaffold; unsafe set-up for scaffold; no PPE Condition : Items stored in exit access, obstructs exit width

58. Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition? Act : Unsafe ladder set-up; no PPE

59. Unsafe Condition Excessive sawdust on floor No guard on blade

60. Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition? Act : Unsafe set-up; individual in unsafe position

61. Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition? Condition Exposed wires

62. Injury An injury may be defined as a harmful condition sustained by the body as the result of an accident. It can take the form of an abrasion, a burn, a puncture wound etc. Critical Injury Certain severe accidents may result in a "critical injury." Any critical injury requires special reporting and investigation , and must be escalated to the Ministry of Labor. Critical injuries are defined as injuries that: Make someone unconscious. Result in a substantial loss of blood. Cause an arm or leg to break . Cause the amputation of a leg, arm or foot. Cause burns to a major portion of the body. Cause the loss of sight in an eye.

63. Risk M eans the likelihood that a specified undesired event will occur due to the realisation of a hazard by, or during work activities or by the products and services created by work activities.

64. Near miss This is any incident that could have resulted in an accident . A large part of production loss results from disruptions in the form of near misses (near accidents), which are the basis of occurrences of accidents. Near accidents (near misses) are those occurrences or incidents in which no injury or damage resulted, but if injury or damage had occurred, they would be classified as accidents. For example, a machine that unexpectedly stops running without damage to the equipment or work is considered to be a near accident.

65. What Is A Near Miss?

66. Near Miss Near misses also have a cause and effect What would you say was the cause of this “almost”? What might be the effect? What changes would you make?

67. Permits to Work (PTW) Formal ‘safe system of work’ Not generally used for low risk operations. Permit to Work Systems are required by Regulation 18 of the Quarry Regulations, 1999.

68. Permit to Work The essential elements of a PTW scheme are: Full explanation of the hazards involved to the workforce. The work to be carried out is properly detailed and understood by both sides. The area in which the work to be carried out is properly detailed and understood by both sides. The area is which the work is to be carried out is clearly identified and made safe, or the hazards are highlighted. The workmen must sign the permit to say that they fully understand the work that is to be carried out, and the hazards and potential risks to be faced. When the work is finished, the workmen must sign off the permit to say that they have completed the specified work and left the operation in a suitable state.

69. Safety committee: Establishing workplace- safety committees  is one way management can encourage employees to participate in implementing and monitoring the company's  safety program . Typical responsibilities of workplace- safety committees  include: Developing safe work practices… Promoting employees' interests in health and safety  issues.

70. Toolbox talks. A  Toolbox Talk  is an informal safety meeting that focuses on safety topics related to the specific job, such as workplace hazards and safe work practices. Meetings are normally short in duration and are generally conducted at the job site prior to the commencement of a job or work shift . It is one of the very effective method

71. Announcing Incentives / Rewards : Giving and appreciating the employees who works as a pillar for establishing safety has to be done This is considering as a motivational factor for the employees This induces safety into various employees Appreciation may be in the form of : Certificates Cash reward Publishing in website and newsletters

72. So, Be safe and practice safety all the time. Thankyou.