Sample Eco project poverty class 12

Rough sample project for class 12 on poverty its only rough project it will give 90% hint to all who use this project highly recommended for school project

1. poverty

2. index Acknowledgment Introduction Type of Poverty Categories of Poverty Poverty line Poverty in world Poverty in India Effects on poverty Causes of poverty Poverty alleviation programmes

3. Acknowledgment I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher (Name of the teacher) as well as our principal (Name of the principal)who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic (Write the topic name), which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and i came to know about so many new things I am really thankful to them. Secondly i would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.

4. Intro Poverty  is not having enough material possessions or income for a person's needs . Poverty may include social, economic, and political elements. Absolute poverty  is the complete lack of the means necessary to meet basic personal needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter .  The threshold at which  absolute poverty  is defined is always about the same, independent of the person's permanent location or era. On the other hand,  relative poverty  occurs when a person cannot meet a minimum level of living standards, compared to others in the same time and place. Therefore, the threshold at which  relative poverty  is defined varies from one country to another, or from one society to another. Poverty  is not having enough material possessions or income for a person's needs .  Poverty may include social, economic, and political elements. Absolute poverty  is the complete lack of the means necessary to meet basic personal needs, such as food, clothing, and  shelter . The threshold at which  absolute poverty  is defined is always about the same, independent of the person's permanent location or era. On the other hand,  relative poverty  occurs when a person cannot meet a minimum level of living standards, compared to others in the same time and place. Therefore, the threshold at which  relative poverty  is defined varies from one country to another, or from one society to another.

5. Type of Poverty  Absolute poverty:  Also known as extreme poverty or abject poverty, it involves the scarcity of basic food, clean water, health, shelter, education and information. Those who belong to absolute poverty tend to struggle to live and experience a lot of child deaths from preventable diseases like malaria, cholera and water-contamination related diseases. Absolute Poverty is usually uncommon in developed countries. 2 . Relative Poverty : It is defined from the social perspective that is living standard compared to the economic standards of population living in surroundings. Hence it is a measure of income inequality. For example, a family can be considered poor if it cannot afford vacations, or cannot buy presents for children at Christmas, or cannot send its young to the university. 3 . Situational Poverty:  It is a temporary type of poverty based on occurrence of an adverse event like environmental disaster, job loss and severe health problem. People can help themselves even with a small assistance, as the poverty comes because of unfortunate event. 4 . Generational Poverty:  It is handed over to individual and families from one generation to the one. This is more complicated as there is no escape because the people are trapped in its cause and unable to access the tools required to get out of it.

6. 5. Rural Poverty:  It occurs in rural areas with population below 50,000. It is the area where there are less job opportunities, less access to services, less support for disabilities and quality education opportunities. People are tending to live mostly on the farming and other menial work available to the surroundings. 6. Urban Poverty:  It occurs in the metropolitan areas with population over 50,000. •    Limited access to health and education. •    Inadequate housing and services. •    Violent and unhealthy environment because of overcrowding. •    Little or no social protection mechanism

7. Categories of Poverty Churning poor Transient poor Non poor

8. Poverty line Poverty line is usually calculated by finding the total cost of all the essential resources that an average human adult consumes in one year.[2] The largest of these expenses is typically the rent required for accommodation, so historically, economists have paid particular attention to the real estate market and housing prices as a strong poverty line affect

9. Poverty in world The world is making huge strides in overcoming global poverty. Since 1990, a quarter of the world has risen out of extreme poverty. Now, less than 10% of the world lives in extreme poverty, surviving on $1.90 a day or less. When families move out of poverty, children’s health and well-being improve. Since 1990, the number of children dying — mostly from preventable causes such as poverty, hunger, and disease — is less than half of what it was, dropping from more than 35,000 a day to under 15,000. The world is making huge strides in overcoming global poverty. Since 1990, a quarter of the world has risen out of extreme poverty. Now, less than 10% of the world lives in extreme poverty, surviving on $1.90 a day or less. When families move out of poverty, children’s health and well-being improve. Since 1990, the number of children dying — mostly from preventable causes such as poverty, hunger, and disease — is less than half of what it was, dropping from more than 35,000 a day to under 15,000. Recent estimates for global poverty are that 8.6% of the world, or 736 million people, live in extreme poverty on $1.90 or less a day, according to the World Bank. In the United States, 12.3% of the population, or 39.7 million people, live in poverty — with an income of less than $33.26 per day — according to the 2017 census. These numbers are calculated based on income and a person’s ability to meet basic needs.

10. Poverty in India As India is one of the fastest-growing economies in 2018, poverty is on the decline in the country, with close to 44 Indians escaping extreme poverty every minute, as per the World Poverty Clock. India has been able to lift a significant percentage of its population out of poverty, but many still live in it. India had 73 million people living in extreme poverty which makes up 5.5% of its total population, according to the Brookings report. In May 2012, the World Bank reviewed and proposed revisions to their poverty calculation methodology and purchasing power parity basis for measuring poverty worldwide .  It was a minimal 3.6% in terms of percentage. As of 2020, the incidence of multidimensional poverty has significantly reduced, declining from 54.7 percent to 6 percent.

11. Effects on poverty children

12. W omen Women sanitation

13. Education

14. Causes of poverty Exploitation under British rule Fragmentation of land holdings Unemployment Indebtness Inflation Unequal distribution of wealth

15. P overty alleviation programmes Growth oriented approach The first one is growth oriented approach. It is based on the expectation that the effects of economic growth rapid increase in gross domestic product and per capita income would spread to all sections of society Poverty alleviation programmes REGP(Rural Employment Generation Programme ):The first programme aims at creating self-employment opportunities in urban areas. PMRY (Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana ):The educated unemployed from low-income families in rural and urban areas can get financial help to set up any kind of enterprise SJSRY (Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana ):aims at creating employment opportunities both self employment and wage employment in urban areas .

16. Providing basic amenities through public expenditure: The third approach to addressing poverty is to provide minimum basic amenities to the people .. Three major programmes that aim at improving the food and nutritional status of the poor are Public Distribution System, Integrated Child Development Scheme and Midday Meal Scheme. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana, Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana Three major programmes that aim at improving the food and nutritional status of the poor are Public Distribution System, Integrated Child Development Scheme and Midday Meal Scheme. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana, Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana