Sampling and qualitative c research.pptx

respect to the rightful owner.

1. Sampling IN qualitative research

2. Who would you save? SITUATION: You are in a sinking ship. There is an unoccupied island a few miles away, but the waters are shark-infested. You get in the lifeboat, and only six people can fit in the lifeboat with you. Who among the following people will you save? Why or Why not?

3. Doctor, Female 63 Years old Company, CEO, Male 45 Farmer, Male, 38 Pregnant woman, 22 Catholic Priest, 49 Comedian, Male, 40 Politician, Male, 44 Police Officer, Male, 33 Swimmer, Female, 27 PWD, Male, 19 Izy , SHS Student, Female, 15 Teacher, Maam Kath, 26

4. SAMPLING A PROCESS OF SELECTING OBSERVATIONS (BABBIE,2014) THAT INVOLVES USING PRACTICAL PROCEDURES TO GATHER A SAMPLE THAT REPRESENTS A MUCH WIDER POPULATION (O’LEARY, 2017)

5. 2 TYPES OF SAMPLING 1. PROBABILITY SAMPLING 2. NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

6. PROBABILITY SAMPLING Involves the selection of a random sample from a list containing all names in the population, giving each name an equal chance to be selected.

7. Non-probability sampling When the representativeness may find inappropriateness or inaccessible In such cases, researchers will need to strategically select samples that best serve their research problem (O’Leary 2017).

8. Identifying units of analysis 1. Individuals 2. Groups 3. Organizations 4. Social Artifacts

9. Once you have identified your unit of analysis, define their characteristics, based on location, age, gender, race, or religion for individuals and group; For Several employees/Staffs, type of business, or year of establishment for groups and organization: or publication year, theme, genre, type of the event, and settings for social artifacts.

10. four sampling parameters in selecting different individuals/sites SETTINGS ACTORS OR PARTICIPANTS EVENTS PROCESSES

11. SAMPLING STRATEGIES IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

12. 1. MAXIMUM VARIATIONS SAMPLING Used when the researcher wants to document or identify a range of qualities or common patterns across different cases. Samples may have common characteristics but are very different in one aspects. EXAMPLE: SHS Students from different sections or year level. Select three cases of residents: City, Town or Rural areas.

13. 2. Snowball sampling Also called as “Referral sampling” the researcher contacts some individuals , usually a potential participants, and ask them if they know another person with similar characteristics that are needed for the study. EXAMPLE; Your study needs an experienced tattoo artist. You may ask a friend who has been working in the same industry and that the characteristic is fit on the one that the study looking for.

14. 3. THEORITICAL SAMPLING More formal sampling technique. A researcher might identify a small number of people to interview based on a set of criteria. Based on the results of the interviews, the researcher can decide to interview more people, which may include people who can confirm the findings from the first set of interviews, or participants who can disconfirm the previously collected date. The process can be repeated until the researcher reaches the saturation point.

15. 4. Typical case sampling Illustrates what is normal or average ; where cases that are too deviant and unsual are removed. EXAMPLE; If you are studying local poor communities, you will select a community probably in Manila (Capital) that typically represents the poor.

16. 5. Critical case sampling A process of selecting a small number of important cases that are likely to “yield the most information” and has the greatest impact on the development of knowledge”. EXAMPLE: A researcher may want to determine wether a happy life is caused by educational attainment. The respondents will be the highest/ least educational attainment and find the difference within it.

17. 6. Convenience sampling A type of sampling strategy where the selection of the sample is based on the convenience of the researcher. Prone to bias. EXAMPLE: The tattoo artist that you study , you went to a national convention of tattoo artist and just simply asked who is available there for an interview.

18. Let’s take a quiz!