Samuel Oduor slides.pptxhigh vaginal swab

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1. VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS CASES AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING THE NAIROBI HOSPITAL FOR HIGH VAGINAL SWAB EXAMINATION. OTIENO SAMUEL ODUOR SHBI/01545/2018 Supervisor- Dr. Stephen Kibe  

2. Introduction Vaginal candidiasis is a symptomatic inflammation of the vagina and or the vulva. It is caused by superficial by fungal infection usually the candida species. On normal state, candida may survive in the vagina without causing any symptom, when conditions such as PH become unfavorable, there is overgrowth of candida species in the vagina I nvasion occur when there is a disrupt balance of the candida species in the vagina.

3. Problem statement Vaginal candidiasis is a world crisis and worldwide in prevalence, it is most common in tropics. About three quarters of women experience candida vaginitis in their lifetime. 30 percent of vaginitis is caused by candida albicans . In Kenya, poor prognosis, failure to remove central lines, malnutrition and ignorance has been observed. This make vaginal candidiasis infection endemic ( Bongomin et al., 2017). V aginal candida infections are important as they may increase viral shedding in HIV infected women . V aginal candidiasis remains to be a problem in the community with 30% cases occurring per year (Singh et al., 2004)

4. Justification Vaginal candidiasis has continued to be a worldwide problem despite the efforts of control and prevention. There was need to carry out this study to find out the prevalence. The findings will help health educators to promote on improving the knowledge of candida infection in women. The findings are set to facilitate the Ministry of Health on improving the existing health programs on reduction of vaginal candidiasis.

5. Broad Objectives To determine the prevalence of vaginal candidiasis among women attending The Nairobi Hospital for high vaginal swab examination. Specific Objectives To determine the prevalence of vaginal candidiasis in women. To determine the distribution of vaginal candidiasis by age of respondents . To determine the distribution of vaginal candidiasis by species of candida . To determine the distribution of vaginal candidiasis by awareness of respondents.

6. Methodology Study site- the study was conducted at The Nairobi Hospital situated. Study design- Prospective survey was used. Study population- All women who were sent to the laboratory for high vaginal swab examination Inclusion criteria - All women who were sent to the laboratory for a high vaginal swab examination. Exclusion criteria- Any patient(Female) who were sent to the laboratory for other test(s) other than high vaginal swab examination. Sampling technique - Systematic sampling technique was used for data collection to meet the predetermined size of 125

7. THE PREVELENCE OF VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING THE NAIROBI HOSPITAL FOR HIGH VAGINL SWAB CASE FREQUENT PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY (%) POSITIVE 39 31.2 NEGATIVE 86 68.8 TOTAL 125 100 .

8. The distribution of vaginal candidiasis in response to age of the respondents AGE GROUP IN YEARS NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS NUMBER OF POSITIVE CASES PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION AMONG THE POSITIVES 15- 20 13 4 10.3 21- 26 31 8 20.5 27- 32 29 10 25.6 33- 38 43 15 38.5 39- 44 9 2 5.1 TOTAL 125 39 100 .

9. Distribution of vaginal candidiasis by the species of candida. 20.50% 79.50 % C. albicans non albicans spp ( c. tropicalis and c. glabrata )

10. Discussion 39 of the 125 respondents had vaginal candidiasis ( 31.2%). A ge bracket of 33-38 years were the most affected accounting for 38.5% of the positive cases . This was due to the increase in the rate of colonization among old women. The study shows that candida albicans was the commonest isolate which accounted for 79.5% of the three species . This was due to high estrogen levels during pregnancy and the acidic PH .. The study shows that 74.4% of the total respondent were unaware of vaginal candidiasis. This could be due to the continuous exposure of the predisposing factors unknowingly.

11. Recommendations and Conclusion The study established that vagina candidiasis a threat among pregnant women with prevalence of 31.2 %. Encourage expectant women to attend antenatal clinics before, during their pregnancy and afterwards. Introduce regular high vaginal swab examination for early diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis in women. Provision of sufficient health education inclusive of vaginal candidiasis, its mode of infection and the ways of prevention. Introduce hvs examination in the anc profile card for pregnant women.

12. Thank you