Sand as Building material

Building materials by
Sourav Zaman,
Lecturer
Department of Architecture
Northern University of Business and Technology

1. COURSE NO: ARCH 1201 COURSE TITLE: BUILDING MATERIALS Lecture 5 SAND

2. SAND

3. Where does it come from? What is sand? How is it born?..or made? “Natural sands are the weathered and worn out particles of rocks..” A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

4. For making mortar plaster Making concrete For manufacturing hollow and sheet glass To fill up gaps in between bricks in roads construction USES OF SAND A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

5. Pit sand River sand Sea sand SOURCES OF SAND Based on the natural sources from which sand is obtained, it is classified as follows: A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

6. Obtained by forming pits in soils . Excavated from a depth of about 1-2 m from the ground level . Found as deposits in soi l and it consists of sharp angular particles. Free from salts . Light brown or yellowish in color PIT SAND A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

7. It serves as an excellent material for mortar or concrete work . Pit sand must be made free from clay and other organic materials before it can be used in mortar. PIT SAND A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

8. This sand is widely used for all purposes. It is obtained from the banks or beds of rivers it consists of fine, round and polished grains. Fine rounded grains is due to mutual attrition under the action of water current . Whiter in color RIVER SAND A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

9. Smaller in size than Pit sand Most suitable for plastering work The river sand is available in clean conditions . RIVER SAND A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

10. This is obtained from sea shores . It has the fine rounded grain . White in color. Contains high amount of salt . Not suitable for construction works. It is normally used for non structural purposes . SEA SAND A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

11. It is a substitute for River Sand Fine aggregates which manufactured by crushing either granite or basalt rock using 3 stage crushing process. Proved to give more strength in mortar than river sand Free from impurities Economical Environment friendly CRUSHED STONE SAND/ ARTIFICIAL SAND A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

12. CLASSIFICATION OF SAND ACCORDING TO SIZE A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz Sand group All sand particles pass through sieve no. Size Use Fine sand 16 1/16 inch Plastering works Moderately coarse sand 8 1/8 inch Mortar for masonry works Coarse sand 4 3/16 inch Concrete works

13. It should be clean and coarse . It should be free from any organic or vegetable matter. It should be chemically inert . It should contain sharp, angular, coarse and durable grains . It should not contain salts which attract moisture from the atmosphere. It should be well graded , i.e., it should contain particles of various sizes in suitable proportions. It should be strong and durable . It should be clean and free from coatings of clay and silt . PROPERTIES OF GOOD SAND A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

14. Test for silt and clay Determined by the percentage loss ion weight after washing. Put some quantity of sand in a glass of water. Then it is vigorously shaken and allowed to settle . If the clay is present in sand, its distinct layer is formed at the top of sand. Test for Organic matter Determined by stirring sample sand with 3% sodium hydroxide solution (Caustic soda). Left 24 hours in a closed bottle. Sodium turns brown if organic matters present. TEST OF SAND A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

15. “This is the increase in the volume of a given weight of sand due to the presence of moisture..” For unto 5 to 8 percent of moisture by weight of sand, there is a steady increase in volume to about 20 to 30 percent. TEST FOR BULKING OF SAND: BULKING OF SAND A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

16. RECOMENDED REFERENCES Aziz. M. A: Engineering Materials. Smith, R. C: Material of construction. Andres, C. K: Manufactures manuals and brochures,