Sanitary landfill

Sanitary Landfill:
A method of disposing of solid waste on land without creating nuisances or hazards to public health or safety, by utilizing the principles of engineering to confine the solid waste to the smallest practical area, to reduce it to the smallest practical volume, and to cover it with a layer of earth at the conclusion of each day's operation or at more frequent intervals as may be necessary.

1. Sanitary Landfill Presented by: Dewaka Poudel Semester : 7 th Environmental Biotechnology

2. https://d2t3x0k5v8rzxl.cloudfront.net/7f47e7d8-17a4-4338-bd49-6edb7d3f9b37/uploads/Pages/CellLinersCaps4.jpg https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/mountain-of-landfill.jpg List of Content: Introduction to sanitary landfill: The important considerations in acquiring and operating a sanitary landfill: Landfill Regulation: Construction of sanitary landfill: Advantage and Disadvantage: Difference between Sanitary landfill and Open Dumping: Current status of Nepal: Sanitary Landfill : A method of disposing of solid waste on land without creating nuisances or hazards to public health or safety, by utilizing the principles of engineering to confine the solid waste to the smallest practical area, to reduce it to the smallest practical volume, and to cover it with a layer of earth at the conclusion of each day's operation or at more frequent intervals as may be necessary. • A sanitary landfill is an engineered facility that requires detailed planning and specifications, careful construction, and efficient operation. • The main purpose of sanitary landfills is to ensure waste is safe by reducing the harm from accumulated waste and allowing safe decomposition. • Sanitary landfills operate by layering waste in a large hole. • There are different levels of layering of waste to facilitate the decomposition of the materials as well as trap toxic gases released from the process.

3. The important considerations in acquiring and operating a sanitary landfill. 1.SITE SELECTION 2.Topographic Maps 3.Geology 4.Site Capacity 5.Cover material 6.Water Pollution 7.Land Reclamation 1.Burning 2.Dust Control : 3. Vector Control 4.Animal Feeding : 5.Limited Access 6.Supervision 7.Inspection and Evaluation Landfill Regulation:

4. Construction of sanitary landfill: 1.The first layer is the liner system . • lowest layer and lays a foundation. • The process entails the application of compact and well dense clay to prevent the seeping in or out of liquids. It is for this reason that this clay is completely impervious . • This modernized type of sanitary landfill is also fitted with high-density plastic , no room for the penetration of liquids, thus preventing contamination of the underground water . The second layer is the drainage system . • The drainage system takes care of the liquid (leachate)produced from the decomposition of some waste materials. • The sanitary landfill is fitted with perforated pipes on top of the liner • The plumbing system then directs the leachate to treatment plants to undergo treatment for reuse. The third layer is the gas collection system . • In the same way that liquids are produced, gases are also released through natural processes. • Methane is the most common of these gases • Extraction pipes in this layer that trap methane gas and transport it to treatment plants to treat the gas and thereafter, use it to produce electricity and to power various processes . The fourth layer is the largest layer and is also the topmost . • Periodically, trash from various sources is brought in by the various garbage collection companies and dumped in this layer . • L ayer of compacted soil is applied to the surface of the sanitary landfill . • Soil does a good job of containing bad smells and the growth of harmful microorganisms such as pests and flies. Also, the compact soil keeps away windblown debris.

5. Sanitary Landfill Open Dumping 1. Only set up by the authority of the local government or the state. 1. P eople set up their own open dumping sites. 2. Soil is a major component of sanitary landfills. 2. No soil applied. 3. Monitoring is a key part of any sanitary landfill 3. No monitoring at all. 4. sanitary landfills are big . landfills serve communities and states rather than a few individuals. 4. Open dumps are small in size. And are mostly used as domestic waste disposals. Sanitary Landfill: Advantage: -Low operating cost -can handle large amount of waste -Filled land can be used for other purpose -No shortage of landfill space in many areas Disadvantage: -Noise, traffic and dust -Releases greenhouse gases( Methane and CO2) unless they are collected -Eventually leaks and can contaminate groundwater

6. REFERENCES:   Sigdel , Abinashi ; Koo, Jakon (2012).  "Solid Waste Management of Nepalese Municipalities" . Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment.  21  (6): 951–964.  doi : 10.14249/eia.2012.21.6.951 .  ISSN   1225-7184 . Retrieved 2022-06-10 . ^   Service, Himalayan News (2022-03-07).  " Govt sets new deadline for completion of Banchare Danda landfill site, yet again" . The Himalayan Times. Retrieved 2022-06-10 . ^  Jump up to: a   b   " Sisdole locals say they won't allow garbage at Banchare Danda until their demands are met" . Retrieved 2022-06-10 . ^   Republica .  "Locals obstruct dumping of garbage in Banchare Danda " . My Republica . Retrieved 2022-06-10 . 5. “ Environmental Health Planning Guide,” U.S.P.H.S. Publication #823, Washington, D.C., 1962. 6. Refuse Collection Practice, A.P.W .A., Third Edition, Chicago, Illinois, 1966. 7. Sanitary Landfill Facts, U.S.P.H.S. Publication No. 1792, Washington, D.C., 1968. 8. “ New Methods of Toxic Trash Disposal Are Being Evolved,” Solid Waste Management Journal, July 1972. 9. “ Keep Britain Tidy,” Solid Waste Management Journal, January 1970. 10. “ Dealing With Potentially Lethal Discards,” Solid Waste Management Journal, May 1971. Banchare Danda landfill Banchare Danda landfill  is an under construction sanitary landfill site to dispose the solid waste of  Kathmandu Valley . It will be used as permanent disposal site after closure of  Sisdol landfill . Banchare Danda lies about 27 km from Kathmandu and approximately 1.9 km west of existing Sisdole landfill. The Banchare Danda landfill was identified during 2007.The actual construction started in 2019 using 1792  Ropanis  of land in Nuwakot and Dhading districts based on the cabinet decision on 3 December 2018 to implement the Integrated Solid Waste Management Project. The landfill site has capacity of about three million cubic metres consisting of two cells.The Cell-1 of the dumping site was ready for use in September 2021 while other parts remains under construction.