savda ghevra INCREMENTAL HOUSIG ppt.pdf

mic and Social Objectives
• Economic Factors: The selection of affordable land and the use of cost-effective materials are crucial. In India, where land prices can be prohibitive, identifying strategic locations for group housing that are both affordable and accessible is key.
• Social Integration: Incremental housing should foster community interaction and cultural sharing. In India, where community and social cohesion are vital, designing group housing that promotes social interaction can lead to more vibrant and harmonious living environments.
4. Challenges and Solutions
• Challenges Identified: The paper discusses the challenges of high construction costs and the need for financial support from the government or NGOs. In India, similar challenges exist, particularly in urban areas with high real estate prices.
• Proposed Solutions: The research suggests that with governmental or NGO support, incremental housing can become a sustainable solution. This could translate into policy recommendations for India, advocating for subsidies, financial incentives, or public-private partnerships to make incremental housing more accessible.
5. Design and Prototyping
• Prototyping in Design: The use of different prototypes in the research allows for the exploration of various design possibilities, which can be adapted to Indian conditions. Prototyping can help identify the most efficient and culturally appropriate designs for group housing in different regions of India.
• Adaptation for India: Prototypes should consider local climatic conditions, cultural preferences, and available materials. For instance, using traditional Indian architectural elements or materials can make the housing more acceptable to the target population.
6. Strategic Planning and Implementation
• Strategic Thinking: The research emphasizes the importance of strategic thinking in planning construction projects, considering social, economic, and physical aspects. For India, this means developing a clear strategy that integrates government policies, community needs, and sustainable practices.
• Implementation Framework: The Indian context requires a framework that ensures participation from various stakeholders, including government bodies, private developers, and local communities, to effectively implement incremental housing strategies.
7. Case Study Insights
• Relevance of Kathmandu Valley: The case study of the Kathmandu Valley offers insights into how incremental housing can be adapted to high-density urban areas. Although the context differs, the underlying principles can be applied to densely populated Indian cities facing similar challenges.
• Applicability to Indian Cities: Indian cities with similar challenges—such as rapid urbanization, high population density, and limited affordable housing—can benefit from the lessons learned in the Kathmandu Valley case study.
8. Conclusion and Implications for India
• Conclusion: The research concludes that incremental housing can be a sol

1. Architectural Research Paradigms-
ARCH509
SUBMITTED BY-Aditi Gupta (A1904021001)
PRIMARY CASE STUDY

2. LOCATION, CONTEXT AND CLIMATE
LOCATION
SavdaGhevraissituatedintheruralnorth-westernpartof
Delhi,neartheDelhi-Haryanaborder,approximately30
kilometersfromthecitycenter(ConnaughtPlace).
ThecolonyislocatedneartheKanjhawalaRoad,which
connectsittothecitybutisstillconsideredaremotearea
withlimitedpublictransportationoptions.
CONTEXT
Largest resettlement colony in North West Delhi,hometo8000
families;Resettledin2006.
•40kmsfrominnercity/previousslumsettlements
•Peri-urbanfringe
•Nobasicservices,transport,livelihoodopportunities.
Deepeningofpovertyandeconomicshock
ClimateandEnvironment:Theareaexperiencesextreme
weatherconditions,withhotsummers,coldwinters,and
anunpredictablemonsoonseason.Theregion'ssoilis
primarilysandy,whichhasimplicationsforconstruction
andhousingstability.
SIZE, POPULATION, AND LAYOUT
•Total Area:The SavdaGhevraResettlement Colony spans
approximately 70 hectares.
•Population:Over 20,000 people were initially resettled, and the
population has since grown. Each plot was allotted to families with an
average size of 5-6 members, reflecting a mix of nuclear and extended
families.

3. SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
Incremental Design Potential
SavdaGhevrafollows self built incremental housing system in
which the residents are permitted to build according to their own
need with time. Dues to this there are various types of housing
units with different number of storeys.
G+1 is fully
constructed 2
nd
floor is left
Incremental

4. Road Network
The main road is wide enough but as we head along the incremental units the roads tends get narrower. It is a problem
for those with 4 wheeler vehicle as it limits their access in the lane.Thearea lacks public transport system.Itcreates a
problem for people who travel for employment to the city area. Hence they tend to do small businesses in the locality
or open shops on the ground floor of their plot.

5. Basic Infrastructure
The area faces a major problem of drainage and sewage systems. The users of that area have temporarily installed water tankers
as a solution. Lack of street lights in some areas can affect the security of the public spaces.

6. Urban formations as starting point for development
City In-Situ Rehabilitation Scheme for Urban Poor Staying in SlumsThe
strategy strengthens the informal and aims to accelerate the legalization of
the homes of the urban poor
Displacement and Resettlement
Many of the residents of SavdaGhevrawere relocated from inner-city slums,
so the community has experienced a forced separation from their previous
homes, social networks, and economic opportunities. This displacement
significantly affects their identity, leading to feelings of disconnection and
marginalization.

7. BUILDING MATERIAL
Material was lying on the road side, which was not beingused.

8. Community Participation
Effective spatial planning will need to consider the role of the
community in maintaining and upgrading shared spaces, open
areas, and infrastructure.
SavdaGhevra'sspatial organization reflects the challenges and
opportunities in resettlement planning, especially in relation to
the incremental housing model and the limited provision of
public services.

9. AFTER
BEFORE
BUILDING SHOWING INCREMENTAL

10. -SPACE
The site lacks proper
recreational spaces. Mostly
the land in the area are
empty and vacant , flooded
with rainwater. It is one of
the major problem faced by
the people living there. The
empty lands are not utilized
by anyone and were
remained untouched in the
initial phase of planning.

11. The colony is estimated to have a population over 46,000 (as of 2014).
The residents of the colony moved in two phases -in 2006-07 and 2009-10 -from 17 JJ clusters within Delhi, in the run up to
the 2010 Commonwealth Games.
• The colony is divided in to 19 blocks, of which 13 are allotted/occupied.
• There are 8686 plots (as of 2014) that were allocated on the basis of proof of duration of residence in the JJC from which the
residents were relocated. Those with proof of residency prior to 1990 were allocated 18 square metreplots, those with proof
of residency prior to 1998 were allocated 12.5 square metreplots.
PUCCA HOUSE KACCHA HOUSE

12. There is currently what can loosely be
described as 3 types of housing in Savda
Ghevra:
(1) Houses made with temporary
building materials such as bamboo and
tarpaulin are classified as
kuccha meaning 'temporary'.
(2) Houses with brick walls but
corrugated tin roofs (i.e. cannot take
another floor) are semi-pucca and
(3) Houses made of concrete and load-
bearing brick walls and roofs are
classified as pucca meaning good or
permanent.
MATERIALS

16. ESTABLISHMENT AND PURPOSE
•Establishing Body:The resettlement was
implemented by the Delhi Urban Shelter
Improvement Board (DUSIB) under the Delhi
government's slum rehabilitation scheme,
aiming to clear areas marked for development
or beautification, like metro corridors and city
centers.
•Relocated Communities:Residents were
primarily displaced from inner-city areas such
as Yamuna Pushta, Nehru Place, and other
informal settlements across Delhi that were
targeted for removal.
•Objective:The relocation was intended to
provide planned housing options for slum
dwellers while freeing up land in more
commercially viable parts of the city.

17. PROBLEMS FACED BY THE PEOPLE IN SAVDA GHEVRA
•water supply, sewage systems,
and electricity. Poor road
connectivity added to
transportation difficulties.
•Incremental housing
often led to haphazard
growth, which created
challenges in
maintaining hygiene
and public safety.
The relocation often
resulted in loss of
livelihoods, as many
residents had to commute
long distances to their
former places of work.
Relocation has displaced many
residents from their traditional
sources of employment in central
Delhi. Long commutes and high
transport costs make it difficult to
maintain their previous jobs.
Inadequate public transport
infrastructure makes commuting
expensive and time-consuming,
isolating the community from the
city's economic opportunities.
Despite being allotted plots,
many residents lack formal
ownership documentation,
making them vulnerable to
eviction and limiting their access
to formal financial services.
Due to unclear zoning regulations
and restrictive policies, residents
face challenges in upgrading their
homes or connecting to essential
services.

18. Incremental Design in SavdaGhevra:
Basic Allotment and Initial Development:
1.The government provided each family with a 12.5 to 25 square meter plot, depending on the family size.
2.Plots came with limited initial infrastructure: no concrete housing, and minimal services (basic roads, no
sewage systems, no reliable water supply).
3.Residents were given the freedom to build incrementally according to their needs and resources.
Development:
•Most residents began with temporary shelters made from tin, bamboo, or reused materials. Gradually, homes were
improved with brick and cement as resources allowed.
•Residents largely relied on self-help constructionmethods due to limited financial resources. This involved using
locally available materials and family labor.
•As families grew and economic situations improved, homes were expanded vertically or horizontally to
accommodate additional rooms or functional spaces such as kitchens and bathrooms.
Buildings:
•The government did not provide any built structures, giving families the freedom to construct homes according to their
needs and resources. This led to a wide variety of home designs and incremental growth patterns, driven primarily
by the residents themselves.
•No clear design guidelines or support were provided by the government for construction, resulting in a patchwork of
building materials and techniques.

19. •The initial design included basic roads, open
stormwater drains, and rudimentary electrical and
water supply systems, but these were poorly
executed, with limited accessibility and functionality.
•Lack of infrastructure like community spaces,
playgrounds, or green areas affected the quality of
the built environment and community interaction.
•The main road width in the SavdaGhevra
Resettlement Colony, Delhi, typically ranges from 6
to 9 meters (about 20 to 30 feet). The road network
within the colony consists of narrow internal lanes
and a few wider streets that serve as main access
routes.
•Residents used recycled or low-cost materials, such as tarpaulins, old wooden doors, and corrugated metal sheets, in the initial stages of
construction. As financial resources improved, these materials were gradually replaced with bricks, cement, and reinforced concrete.
•Utilization of locally available materials like bricks and concrete blocks reduced costs and enabled easier repairs and modifications. The use
of local materials also helped in climate adaptability, as they were suited to the local environment.

20. •INTERIOR
•Rooms were often designed with multi-functionality in mind—living spaces doubled as workspaces, and terraces served
as areas for drying clothes, gardening, or storage. Walls could be easily removed or modified to accommodate changes
in family size or function.
•Some residents employed modular design elements that allowed for future expansion. This included building strong
foundations and structural frames that could support additional floors or rooms over time.
•Homes were designed to maximize the use of small plot sizes.
Compact designs featured narrow corridors, multi-functional
rooms, and mezzanine floors. Stairs were often steep and
narrow to save space, and roofs were used for additional
living or storage areas.
•Openings like windows and doors were positioned to allow
natural ventilation and light while maintaining privacy from
the close neighboring plots.
•Facade Treatments:
•As residents gradually improved their homes, facades varied
widely in appearance. Many opted for simple plastered finishes,
while others used tiles, bricks, or paint to differentiate their
homes from the rest. The use of jali(latticework) and grills on
windows and balconies was common to enhance ventilation and
security.

21. •Roofs were often flat and designed to
accommodate a variety of uses. They
were used for water storage tanks,
solar panels, kitchen gardens, or
additional living space.
•Given the need for water storage, many
homes incorporated large rooftop tanks,
which also served as thermal mass to
moderate indoor temperatures.
•Design adaptations to cope with Delhi's
extreme climate were evident in the use
of thick walls, shaded windows,
overhanging roofs, and internal
courtyards in some cases. These
elements helped to mitigate heat in
summer and retain warmth in winter.
•Some residents utilized passive cooling
techniques, such as orienting homes to
capture breezes and using ventilated
jaali (perforated walls)to reduce direct
sunlight while promoting airflow.

23. Pucca house plan
INCREMENTAL
-LAYOUT
The area follows grid pattern
(geometric grid) having several small
plots which are accommodatedby
families. Plots sizes vary from 12 to
25 sqm.
Master plan

24. General -two storeypukka dwelling
2. Floor -ground floor white cement screed
on concrete slab, threshold 550mm above
street level; upper floor concrete slab 3. Walls
-rendered brickwork ground floor, exposed
brickwork first floor part rendered roof
structures
4. Roof -concrete slab with screed
5. Openings -metal doors, windows and
grilles
6. Electricity -metered supply for power and
lighting
TYPE-I

25. TYPE-II
TYPE-II
General -12.5sq m single storey
kuccha dwelling
2. Floor -compressed earth, partly
brick paved, threshold 300mm below
street level
3. Walls -bamboo structure with
woven reed panels
4. Roof -bamboo structure with
polythene covering
5. Openings -bamboo and reed door
6. Electricity -metered supply for
power and lightingTYPE-III
General –12.5sq m single storeysemi-
pukka dwelling
2. Floor -cement screed on concrete
slab, threshold 610mm above street
level
3. Walls –rendered and painted
brickwork
4. Roof –corrugated fibrecement
sheeting on steel structure
5. Openings –metal doors, windows
and grilles
6. Electricity –metered supply for
power and lighting
TYPE-III

26. TYPE-IV
TYPE-IV
General –12.5sq m two storey
pukka dwelling with toilet and
washroom on the roof
2. Floor -ground floor cement
screed on concrete slab, threshold
710mm above street level; upper
floor concrete slab
3. Walls -rendered and painted
brickwork
4. Roof -screeded concrete slab
5. Openings -metal doors,
windows and grilles
6. Electricity -metered supply for
power and lighting

27. S
I
T
E
V
I
E
W
S

28. Strategic for Improved Incremental Design

Develop flexible design guidelines that accommodate incremental growth while ensuring safety, structural integrity, and environmental
sustainability. These guidelines should promote modular construction, passive design strategies, and the use of local, sustainable materials.

Encourage participatory design workshops that involve residents in planning and decision-making processes. Provide access to design
professionals who can offer technical guidance and support to communities, enabling them to make informed choices about construction
methods and materials.

Recognize and support community-led innovations and self-help housing efforts by providing resources, training, and access to low-cost
building materials. This can help improve construction quality and sustainability.

Implement infrastructure planning that aligns with the incremental nature of housing development. Provide phased access to services like
water, electricity, and sanitation, and plan for open spaces, community facilities, and green areas that enhance the quality of life.

Urban planning regulationsshould accommodate and promote incremental development by providing basic service infrastructure in
phases, thus supporting growth over time.

Implement a phased approach to improve infrastructure, prioritizing critical needs like water, sanitation, and electricity while allowing
incremental housing to continue.

Develop community centers, health clinics, and schools within the colony to address social needs and improve the overall quality of life.