SC 608 Unit 3- Natural-vegetation-and-wildlife.pptx

Natural Vegetation and wildlife

1. SC608- ECOLOGY & CONSERVATION BIOLOGY – Unit 3 Vegetation Types of KARNATAKA

2. QUARTER 1- Module 1 Vegetation Types of Karnataka 2

3. Objectives: Karnataka’s diverse vegetation types play a crucial role in maintaining the state’s ecological balance and supporting its rich biodiversity. These vegetation types are influenced by factors such as rainfall, altitude, soil type, and temperature resulting in a mosaic of distinct plant communities. The main objective of understanding and studying Karnataka’s vegetation types is to: Conservation and Management Economic and Social Benefits Environmental Services 3

4. What I need to know: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. ______ a state in the southwestern region of India, is known for its rich history, diverse culture, and economic prosperity. Karnataka b. Peru c. Kenya d. Bangkok 2. ______ refers to the animal species. Flora b. fauna c. vegetation d. orchard 3. ______ refers to the plant life that grows without human interference. a. Natural b. man-made c. artificial d. all of the above 4

5. What I need to know: 4. The trees throughout this area are gaining a lot of height. Tropical Evergreen Rainforest Deciduous Forest Mountain Forest Tidal Forest 5. They are also known as “Littoral Forests”. Dry Deciduous Forest Mountain Forest Tidal Forest Tropical Forest 5

6. What is Natural Vegetation? A plant population that has evolved naturally without the assistance of humans is referred to as natural vegetation. This is what we refer to as virgin vegetation. Cultivated fruits and crops, as well as orchards, are considered vegetation, but not natural vegetation. Plants from a specific area or time period are referred to as flora . The word "fauna" refers to animal species. 6

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8. Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests Deciduous or Monsoon Type of Forests Dry Deciduous Forests and Scrubs Semi Desert and Desert Vegetation Tidal or Mangrove Forests and Mountain Forests Types: Natural Vegetation in India

9. Types of Natural Vegetation 1.) Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests : Tropical Evergreen Rainforests are located in areas with even more than 200 cm of annual precipitation. They are mostly located in the northeastern states of Assam, Meghalaya, the Western Ghats, Nagaland, the Himalayan Tarai zones, the Andaman Islands and Arunachal Pradesh. They can also be found in the Khasi and Jaintia hills. The trees throughout this area are gaining a lot of height. ●●● 9

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11. Types of Natural Vegetation 2.) Deciduous or Monsoon Type of Forests : On the lower elevations of the Himalayas, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, and the surrounding areas, deciduous forests can be found. The rainfall in this region ranges from 100 to 200 cm. Teak is the most common tree in the region. Deodar, Pal Ash,  Blue Gum, Sandalwood,  Sal, Ebony, Arjun, Khair, and Bamboo are among the other trees. ●●● 11

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13. Types of Natural Vegetation 3.) Dry Deciduous Forests and Scrubs : Such forests thrive in climates with annual precipitation ranging from 50 to 100 centimeters. The Central Deccan plateau, Haryana, Punjab, portions of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and the southeast of Rajasthan are the most affected. ●●● 13

14. Dry Deciduous Forests and Scrubs They grow in areas where the rainfall is between 50 cm and 100 cm found in areas of central Deccan plateau, south- east of Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana and parts of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Dwarf deciduous trees and long- grasses grow in these regions. Most of these areas are used for agriculture.

15. Types of Natural Vegetation 4.) Semi Desert and Desert Vegetation : The annual rainfall in this region is less than 50 cm. This vegetation zone is home to thorny trees, acacia, and Babul. The Indian wild date is commonly found in this region. They have dense flesh and broad roots. Plants in this area hold water in their stems to help them survive the drought. Gujarat, Punjab, and Rajasthan all have this kind of vegetation. ●●● 15

16. Semi- deserts and Deserts vegetation vegetation grow in areas where rainfall is less than 50 cm mostly thorny bushes, acacia, babul and sand binding grasses The Indian wild date, known as “Khejur” is common in these deserts. They have long roots and thick fleshy stems in which they store water to survive during the long drought. found in Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat, Punjab and Karnataka.

17. Types of Natural Vegetation 5.) Tidal or Mangrove Forests: Rainfall totals only about 50 cm in this region. This vegetation zone is home to thorny acacia, bushes, and Babul trees. Here is where you'll find the Indian wild date. Large roots and dense flesh are characteristics of this species. This region's plants store water in their stems to withstand the drought. Gujarat, Punjab, and Rajasthan all have areas with this kind of vegetation. In such forests, the ‘Sundari' is perhaps the most important tree. 17

18. Tidal or Mangrove Forests grow along the coast and on the edges of the deltas, e.g. the deltas of the Ganga, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri. They are called ‘Tidal Forests’ because their dense growth depends upon tidal water which submerges the deltaic lands during high tides. They are also known as Littoral Forests. In West Bengal these forests are known as ‘Sundarbans.’ The ‘sundri’ is most significant tree in these forests. other trees are hogla, garan, gewa, golpata, pasur, etc. Palm and coconut trees adorn the coastal strip

19. 6.) Mountain Forests They vary according to altitude with varying rainfall and temperature along the slopes of mountain. Himalayas up to a height of 1500 meters, evergreen trees, such as, sal, teak, bamboo and cane grow abundantly. It ranges between 1,500 meters to 3,500 meters, temperate conifer trees, such as, pine, fir, oak, maple, deodar, laurel, spruce and ceder. In higher altitude of the Himalayas, rhododendrons and junipers are found. Beyond these vegetation-belts, alpine grasslands appear up to snowfield.

20. Natural Vegetation Propagation When an axillary bud develops into a lateral shoot that has its own roots, this is considered as biological vegetative propagation (also termed as adventitious roots). Since specialized organs of vegetative reproduction, such as seeds in annuals, help to withstand seasonally harsh environments, some species of plants that withstand and substantially grow through vegetative reproduction are almost by definition perennial. ●●● 20

21. Natural Vegetation Propagation A clonal community is a plant that survives in a given location by the vegetative reproduction of organisms over a prolonged period of time.In certain ways, Natural vegetative propagation is a method of survival and growth of the individual's biomass rather than reproduction. The process of "vegetative development" occurs when an individual organism grows in size through cell multiplication while remaining intact. 21

22. What is Wildlife? Wildlife used to belong to undomesticated animal species, but it has since expanded to include those animals that evolve or live in the wild without being established by humans. In all habitats, wildlife can be identified. Deserts, grasslands, wetlands, deserts, rainforests, and other regions, including the world's most populated cities, all have unique wildlife. 22

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24. Examples of Wildlife Gir National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary, also known as Sasan Gir in Gujarat is home to Asiatic lions. India is also home to the most magnificent mammal on the planet: the elephant. Tigers are generally found in the Himalayan region, in the forests of Madhya Pradesh, and in the Sundarbans of West Bengal. ●●● 24

25. Examples of Wildlife The leopard is one of the most important animals of prey. The wetlands and forests are home to peacocks, pheasants, ducks, parakeets, cranes, and pigeons. The one-horned rhinoceroses live in the swampy and marshy areas of Assam and West Bengal. ●●● 25

26. Examples of Wildlife The Tibetan antelope, The yak, the shaggy horned wild ox weighing around one ton, wild sheep, the bharal (blue sheep), and the kiang (Tibetan wild ass) are found in the freezing high altitudes of Ladakh. Camels and wild asses are found in arid areas of the Thar Desert, and the Rann of Kachchh, respectively. 26

27. Conservation of Wildlife Forests provide us with oxygen and precipitation. Soil erosion is prevented by forests. Pollination and seed dispersal are both based on animals and birds for plants. Forests supply us with a variety of medicines.In industries, a variety of forest products are being used as raw resources. ●●● 27

28. Conservation of Wildlife They are a constant in the natural world. These wildlife communities help to preserve ecological balance. Some animals are extinct, and others are on the verge of becoming extinct. Endangered animals ought to be safeguarded. Wildlife has the same right to exist on this planet as humans. 28

29. ASSESSMENT: Which of the following is the capital of Karnataka? Bangalore b. Chennai c. Hyderabad d. Mumbai 2. What is the main agricultural crop in Karnataka? Rice b. sugarcane c. coffee d. tea 3. Which Indian state has its maximum area under the forest cover? Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Kerala 29

30. ASSESSMENT: 4. In which part of Karnataka State are dry deciduous trees more predominant? Western Ghats South and South-Eastern part Northern part Western part 5. What type of vegetation does Karnataka have? Deciduous and evergreen Tidal or Mangrove Forest Semi-desert and Desert Vegetation Mountain Forests 30

31. ANSWER KEYS: What I need to know: A B A A C Assessment: A A B B a 31