scada presentation Al Neelain University .pptx

Scada presentation

1. SCADA Systems Prepared By: 1- Ahmed Al hadi 2- Nazar Abdelrhman 3- Ahmed Mohyeldin Siddig Supervisor : Dr.Mohammad Alnoor

2. PART (2) PART (1) PART (3) PART (4) Introduction SCADA SYSTEMs HARDWARE SCADA COMMUNICATION NETWORK Out Line : SCADA Software And Examples

3. Introduction

4. SCADA System Field RTU Communication SCADA Software App

5. SCADA is Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition . That means it focus in two level: - Monitoring : Collect the measurement and status data - Control :Switching devices (open/close- rise/lower) SCADA systems are used in most industry processes : e.g. power generation and distribution , steel marketing , oil , chemistry, water , nuclear . Definition of SCADA system

6. ( S upervisory C ontrol A nd D ata A cquisition ) The first ‘SCADA’ systems utilized data acquisition by means of panels of meters , lights and strip chart recorders . The operator manually operating various control knobs exercised supervisory control.

7. sensor to panel system: Meters strip chart Indication Control knobs

8. The sensor to panel type of SCADA system has the following advantages: It is simple, no CPUs , RAM , ROM or software programming needed. The sensors are connected directly to the meters, switches and lights on the panel. It could be (in most circumstances) easy and cheap to add a simple device like a switch or indicator.

9. The disadvantages of a direct panel to sensor system are: The amount of wire becomes unmanageable after the installation of hundreds of sensors. The quantity and type of data are minimal and rudimentary. Installation of additional sensors becomes progressively harder as the system grows. Re-configuration of the system becomes extremely difficult . Storage of data is minimal and difficult to manage. Someone has to watch the dials and meters 24 hours a day.

10. P rogrammable l ogic C ontroller ( PLC ) Start Read inputs Update input table in PLC Solve Ladder Logic Runs Update output table in PLC Update outputs

11. P rogrammable l ogic C ontroller ( PLC ) 1 1 1 1 1-Read inputs 2-Update input table in PLC 3-Solve Ladder Logic Runs 4-Update output table in PLC Update outputs

12. PLCs and DCS ( D istributed C ontrol S ystems) are used as shown below

13. The advantages of the SCADA system are: The computer can record and store a very large amount of data. The data can be displayed in any way the user requires . Thousands of sensors over a wide area can be connected to the system. The operator can incorporate real data simulations into the system. Many types of data can be collected from the RTUs . The data can be viewed from anywhere , not just on site .

14. The system is more complicated than the sensor to panel type. Different operating skills are required , such as system analysts and programmer. With thousands of sensors there is still a lot of wire to deal with. The disadvantages of the SCADA system are:

15. I ntelligent E lectronic D evices ( IED s) As the requirement for smaller and smarter systems grew , sensors were designed with the intelligence of PLCs and DCSs . These devices are known as IED s. The IED s are connected on a fieldbus , such as Profibus , Devicenet or Foundation Fieldbus to the PC. They include enough intelligence to acquire data, communicate to other devices, and hold their part of the overall program . Each of these super smart sensors can have more than one sensor on-board .

16. Example of IEDs:

17. . PC to IED fieldbus system

18. The advantages of the PC to IED fieldbus system are: Minimal wiring is needed. The operator can see down to the sensor level . The data received from the device can include information such as serial numbers , model numbers , when it was installed and by whom. Smaller devices mean less physical space for the data acquisition system. All devices are plug_and_play , so installation and replacement is easy . .

19. The disadvantages of a PC to IED system are: More sophisticated system requires better trained employees. Sensor prices are higher (but this is offset somewhat by the lack of PLCs). The IED s rely more on the communication system. .

20. 4-SCADA System A SCADA system consists of a number of R emote T erminal U nits ( RTU s) collecting field data and sending that data back to a Master Station , via a communication system. The Master Station displays the acquired data and allows the operator to perform remote control tasks. The accurate and timely data allows for optimization of the plant operation and process . Other benefits include more Efficient , Reliable and most importantly , safer operations. This results in a lower cost of operation compared to earlier non-automated systems. SCADA has the connotation of remote or distant operation. .

21. SCADA systems have essentially five levels : 1- Field level: instrumentation and control devices. 2 - Gather data from all devices ( RTUs) 3 - Communications system ( pathway , radio, telephone line, microwave, satellite) 4 -The master station or Sub master station ( gather data from the various RTUs) 5 -The commercial data processing department computer system .

22. .

23. Remote Terminal Unit

24. R emote T elemetry U nit RTU R emote T erminal U nit 1-RTU Definition An RTU is a standalone data acquisition and control unit , generally microprocessor based, which monitors and controls equipment at some remote location from the central station. Its primary task is to control and acquire data from process equipment at the remote location and to transfer this data back to a central station. OR

25. 2-RTU Types: Small sized RTUs generally have less than 10 to 20 Analog and Digital signals. Medium sized RTUs have 100 Digital and 30 to 40 Analog inputs. RTUs , having a capacity greater than this can be classified as large .

26. 2-RTU Types:

27. 2-RTU Types:

28. 2-RTU Types:

29. 5-RTU Hardware : RTU hardware modules include: 1-RTU Rack. 2-Power supply. 3- Control processor and associated memory. 4- Digital inputs. 5-Digital outputs. 6-Analog inputs. 7- Analog outputs. 8-Communication interface(s).

30. 5-RTU Hardware : RTU hardware structure :

31. Main Terminal Unit

32. 1-Definition: IT is the central site( master station ) can be pictured as having one or more operator stations (tied together with a local area network) connected to a communication system. Normally there are no input/output modules connected directly to the master stations although there may be an RTU located in close proximity to the master control room. Master Station Communication System consisting of modem and radio receiver/transmitter. It is possible for a landline system to be used in place of the radio system, in this case the modem will interface directly to the landline.

33. There have been two main approaches to follow in designing the SCADA system in the past. 1 - Centralized 2- Distributed . 1-Centralized: where a single computer or mainframe performs all plant monitoring and all plant data is stored on one database that resides on this computer.

34. Diagram of designing the SCADA system in the past:

35. 2-Distributed: where the SCADA system is shared across several small computers (usually PCs).

36. SCADA COMMUNICATION NETWORK

37. The term Telecommunication means communication at a distance. Data communications are the exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as a wire cable . The word Data refers to information presented in whatever form is agreed upon by the parties creating and using the data.

38. Components of data communication 1- Message : The message is the information ( data ) to be communicated Popular forms of information include text, numbers, pictures, audio, and video. 2- Sender : The sender is the device that sends the data message. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset, video camera, and so on.

39. 3- Receiver : The receiver is the device that receives the message. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset, television, and so on. 4- Transmission medium : The transmission medium is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver. Some examples of transmission media include twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, and radio waves. 5- Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules that govern data communications. It represents an agreement between the communicating devices. Without a protocol, two devices may be connected but not communicating..

40. Network topology There are many type of network topology , most common of them are: 1- Bus topology:

41. 2- Star Topology:

42. 3- Ring Topology:

43. SCADA Software:- SCADA software can be divided into two types Proprietary software or Open software. Proprietary software Companies develop it to communicate to their hardware. These systems are sold as ‘turn key’ solutions. The main problem with this system is the overwhelming reliance on the supplier of the system. Open software systems have gained popularity because of the interoperability they bring to the system. Interoperability is the ability to mix different manufacturers’ equipment on the same system. .

44. Key features of SCADA software are: User interface Graphics displays Alarms Trends RTU (and PLC) interface Scalability Access to data Database Networking Fault tolerance and redundancy Client/server distributed processing .

45. . SCADA Features

46. . SCADA Features Trend

47. Example :

48. Example 2: Waste Water Treatment - SCADA- FluidIQs National.flv