SCAFFOLDING safety training PRESENTATION .ppt

Scaffolding training

2. Definitions
•SCAFFOLD: “A temporary elevated platform and its supporting structure used for
supporting workmen, materials, or both”.
•TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD: “A scaffold constructed of steel tubing that serves
as standards, ledgers, transoms, braces, and ties and specially designed scaffold couplers
that serve to connect the various members”.
•STANDARD: “Vertical scaffold tube that bears the weight of the Scaffold”.
•LEDGER: “A lengthwise horizontal scaffold tube that extends from standard to
standard, that supports the transoms and that forms a tie between the standards”.
•TRANSOM: “A horizontal transverse scaffold member, that may support platform
units, and which is supported by at least two ledgers or connected directly to at least two
standards”.
•COUPLER: “A component or device used to fix scaffold tubes together”.
•PLANK: “An individual timber board or fabricated component that serves as a flooring
member of a platform”.
•HANDRAIL: “A barrier consisting of pipes erected to prevent workers from falling off
an elevated work area”.
•SAFETY HARNESS: “A system used to arrest an individuals fall”
•SCAFFTAG: “A standard L&T tag provided to the Scaffolding foremen for clearly
showing whether or not a scaffold is safe for use”.

3. GENERAL RULES FOR WORKING AT HEIGHT
•Each person who could fall more than 2 meters shall be protected from falling by a fall protection
system like guardrails, personal fall arrest systems. Fixed fall protection, such as guardrails are
preferred over the use of personal fall arrest systems.
•Before each use, the user shall inspect all components of the personal fall arrest system he will be
using.
•Each scaffolder shall continuously wear and properly anchor a safety harness while erecting,
altering, or dismantling a scaffold.
•Top height of handrails shall not be less than 0.95 meter & not more than 1.15 meters. above the
walking/working surface of a platform.
•Midrails shall be installed approximately halfway between the walking/working surface and the
handrail.
•Toeboards shall be installed along all edges of elevated work areas more than 2 meters, unless
personnel access to the lower level under elevated work area is physically prevented.
•In addition to wearing hardhats, additional protection from falling objects may be provided by
barricading the area below into which objects can fall and not permitting workers to enter the hazard
area. or erection of debris nets, catch platforms sufficient to catch falling objects.
•A safe means of entry and exit shall be provided and used like ladders, stairs/stairways, ramps or
walkways.
•Climbing of scaffold braces, runners, etc. is not permitted, except as required by scaffolder during
scaffold erection, alteration, and dismantling.
•Good housekeeping shall be maintained to help prevent slipping, tripping, and falls. Oil spills, mud,
scrap, and other debris shall be cleared up immediately.
•Lighting: Every work area and every means of access to and exit from an elevated work area used
during nighttime shall be provided with properly maintained and adequate lighting.

4. SCAFFOLD MEASUREMENTS
•BAY: The space between the centerlines of adjacent standards along the face of a
scaffold. Maximum bay length shall be 2 Meters.
•LIFT: The assembly of ledgers and transoms forming a horizontal level of a scaffold.
Maximum lift height shall be 2 Meters.
•HEIGHT: The vertical distance between the scaffold base and the topmost assembly of
ledgers and transoms.
•LENGTH: The horizontal distance along the ledgers between the scaffold’s extreme
longitudinal standards.
Colour Coding of Scafftags
•Red Scafftag: Indicates that the scaffold has not been inspected or is not safe for use by
anyone other than Scaffolder (for scaffold completion/rectification work only)
•Green Scafftag: Indicates that the scaffold is complete and is safe for use at the time of
inspection. A green scafftag is valid for a maximum of two weeks.

5. Types of scaffolds
•Categories
–Suspended
–Supported, tubular
–Rolling
•Classification as per intended use
–Light duty ( 126kg / m
2
)
–Medium duty
–Heavy duty

6. •Tubular scaffolding are further
divided in 3 groups:
–Pipe & coupler ( Clamp)
–H frame
–Cuplock
Scaffolding

7. Tube & Coupler Scaffolds
Standards (Vertical pipes):
•Shall be vertical and resting on firm and properly leveled base.
•Joints in standards shall be staggered. Joints in adjacent posts shall not occur in the same
lift height.
•Joint pins or end-to-end couplers shall be used for joints in standards.
Ledgers & Transoms (Horizontal pipes):
•Shall be horizontal and securely fixed to the inside of each standard.
•Ledgers shall be connected to standards only with right angle couplers
•When transoms are coupled to standard, the transom shall be connected to the standards
only with right angle couplers.
•When a transom is coupled to a supporting ledger, the coupler shall be as close as
possible to the standard and never more than 300mm from the standard.
•Ledgers or transoms shall not have more than one joint between adjacent standards.
•End-to-end (sleeve) couplers may be used for joints in ledgers or transoms (provided the
joint shall not be located more than 300mm from a standard.
•Right angle couplers shall be installed such that the load is against the hinge and not
against the bolt.
•Scaffold couplers shall be properly tightened. Only proper scaffold spanner wrenches
shall be used. Longer handled wrenches shall not be used as they could damage the
coupler.

21. H Frame Scaffolding

22. H Frame Scaffolding

23. H Frame Scaffolding

24. Do’s & Don’ts
•Each person who could fall more
than 2 meters shall be protected
from falling by a fall protection
system like guardrails, personal fall
arrest systems. Fixed fall protection,
such as guardrails are preferred
over the use of personal fall arrest
systems.

25. Do’s & Don’ts
•Top height of handrails shall not be
less than 900mm & not more than
1100mm above the walking /
working surface of a platform.

26. Do’s & Don’ts
•Walkway plank should extend not
less than 150mm & not more than
300mm

27. Do’s & Don’ts
•Midrails shall be installed
approximately halfway between the
walking / working surface and the
handrail.
•Toeboards shall be installed along all
edges of elevated work areas more
than 2 meters .

28. Do’s & Don’ts
•In addition to wearing helmets,
additional protection from falling
objects may be provided by
barricading the area below into
which objects can fall and not
permitting workers to enter the
hazard area.

29. Do’s & Don’ts
•A safe means of entry and exit shall
be provided and used like ladders,
stairs/stairways, ramps or walkways

30. Do’s & Don’ts
•Climbing on scaffold braces,
runners, etc. is not permitted, except
as required by scaffolder during
scaffold erection, alteration, and
dismantling.

31. Do’s & Don’ts
•Good housekeeping shall be
maintained to help prevent slipping,
tripping, and falls. Oil spills, mud,
scrap, and other debris shall be
cleared up immediately.

32. Do’s & Don’ts
•Ladders can be used upto 6 meters of
height
•Additional support is reqd at center for
ladders above 4 meters
•Above 6 meters of height only stair case
module to be used
•Additional access (ladder /stair ) is
required for 5 meter & longer
scaffolding