Scenario-based WLAN Planning Design for Warehouse.pdf

Diseño y Planificación de Una Red WAN - Escenarios

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Copyright © 2023 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Enterprise WLAN Scenario-based Design
Warehouse scenario

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Foreword
•With the rapid growth of the number of user terminals, Wi-Fi terminal access becomes more
and more common, especially the increasing application of AGV. Demands such as heavy
roaming and sensitive packet loss pose strong challenges to Wi-Fi network capabilities.
•Enterprise warehouse scenarios include high-shelf areas, low-shelf areas, and AGV areas.
Typical features of this scenario include low bandwidth requirements, high roaming, and
packet loss sensitivity.
•This document describes the service characteristics and requirements for WLAN in the
warehouse scenario, and the methods, principles, and precautions for high-level solution
design in the warehouse scenario.

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Objectives
•Aftercompletingthiscourse,youwillbeableto:
▫Understand common service types and pain points in enterprise WLAN warehouse
scenarios.
▫Have a good command of WLAN network planning methods in warehouse scenarios.
▫Understand factors that affect WLAN network planning in warehouse scenarios.
▫Have a good command of Huawei network construction standards in enterprise WLAN
warehouse scenarios.

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Contents
1.OverviewofEnterpriseWLANWarehouseScenarios
2.EnterpriseWLANwarehouseplanningprocess
3.Huawei'sWLANConstructionStandardsforWarehouseScenarios
4.TypicalCasesofEnterpriseWLANWarehouse

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Warehouse Scenario Overview
•Space: The storeyis generally high, and some of the storeyis more than 10 meters high. Shelf height is different, and is
divided into high shelf area and low shelf area according to height.
•Obstacle: There are many blocks in the warehouse, mainly from the shelves and goods on the shelves, which will block
signals to a certain extent.
•Roaming: AGVs in the warehouse are highly mobile and have a large number of roaming times. The AGVs are sensitive to
packet loss and delay during roaming.
•Installation: Common installation methods of warehouses include ceiling, hanging rod, wall (bearing column), etc.
high shelf area low shelf area AGV area

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Service Characteristics of Warehouse
Scenarios
Common warehouse services
For example, code scanning, picking, and office
work. These services are mainly carried on
code scanning guns, warehouse PCs, and
tablets.
AGVservices
After receiving the dispatching instruction, AGV
trolley will automatically move to the shelf
where the corresponding articles are stored
according to the ground QR code coordinates,
lift the shelf, and then transport the shelf to the
position of the picker. After picking, AGV trolley
loads the shelves to the shelf area for storage.
Different service types have different requirements for enterprise WLAN.

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Challenges in Warehouse Scenarios
warehouse
•High warehouse layer
•Shelf and goods are severely
blocked by signal.
•AGVs roam many small cars and are
sensitive to packet loss.
•The warehouse is high, and the
installation is restricted.
AGVzone

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Contents
1.WarehouseScenarioOverview
2.EnterpriseWLANWarehouseScenarioPlanningProcess
3.Huawei'sWLANConstructionStandardsforWarehouseScenarios
4.TypicalWLANDesignCaseinWarehouseScenarios

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Network Planning and Design Process for
Warehouse Scenarios
Capacity design
Coverage design
Device model selection
Site survey
Requirements collection

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Enterprisewarehouse scenario requirements
Requirement Type Description
Drawing information
Verify that the drawings containing scale information are complete. Generally, the CAD drawings of
the customer's building can be obtained from the capital construction management office.
Coverage
Determine the key coverage areas (such as the shelf area and AGV area) and common coverage areas
(such as stairs and toilets) required by the customer, and specify the areas that do not need to be
covered.
Field strength
The customer may impose specific requirements for the signal field strength in coverage areas, for
example, –40 dBmto –65 dBmin key areas and greater than –70 dBmin common areas.
Number of access STAs Determine the total number of access STAs in a coverage area.
Bandwidth Clarify with the customer about major service types and per-user bandwidth requirements.
Obstacle Collect materials and thickness of major obstacles, such as shelves and stacked goods.
Installation mode Determine the AP installation position and measure the storeyheight of the warehouse.
Shelf height Collect the height and distribution of shelves and the type of goods to be stacked.
Power distribution mode
Check whether the customer has specific requirements on the power supply mode and what power
supply facilities and areas are available onsite.
Interference sources Check whether there are interference sources such as Bluetooth devices and external Wi-Fi devices.
Requirements
Collection
Site Survey Coverage DesignCapacity Design
Device model
selection

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Site Survey Content in Warehouse Scenarios
Floor and Shelf Height Signal attenuation of shelf + cargo
special terminal Whether there is interference source
Use a rangefinder or other methods to
measure the ceiling height and height
of different types of shelves.
Test the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz signal
attenuation caused by shelves full of goods
Collect types of STAs and radio
parameters on the live network, such as
scanners and AGVs.
Use the CloudCampusAPP or a sweep
generator to locate and record
interference sources.
Requirements
Collection
Site Survey Coverage DesignCapacity Design
Device model
selection

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•Thefollowingtablelistssignalattenuationcausedbycommonobstacles.
Signal Attenuation Caused by Common
Obstacles in Warehouse Scenarios
Obstacle Thickness (mm) 2.4 GHz Signal Attenuation (dB) 5 GHz Signal Attenuation (dB)
Common brick wall 120 10 20
Thick brick wall 240 15 25
Concrete 240 25 30
Asbestos 8 3 4
Foam materials 8 3 4
Hollow wood 20 2 3
Common wooden door 40 3 4
Solid wood door 40 10 15
Common glass 8 4 7
Thick glass 12 8 10
Armored glass 30 25 35
Bearing pillar 500 25 30
Shutter door 10 15 20
Steel plate 80 30 35
Elevator 80 30 35
Requirements
Collection
Site Survey Coverage DesignCapacity Design
Device model
selection

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Device Model Selection Factors
MIMO
The number of spatial streams ranges from 4 to 16. An AP with more spatial streams supports higher throughput and
larger access capacity. Therefore, select APs with a proper number of spatial streams based on the application scenario
and access density.
Antenna
Indoor APs support omnidirectional, directional, and smart antennas. Outdoor APs support omnidirectional and
directional antennas.
Indoor scenario: Smart antennas provide the best coverage effect. Therefore, APs with smart antennas are
recommended. Directional antennas are suitable for high installation scenarios. Omnidirectional antennas are suitable
for scenarios where the coverage area is small and the deployment is not dense.
Maximum transmit power
(combined power)
The Wi-Fi transmit power is controlled by the country code and varies depending on the local regulations. When the
transmit power gets closer to the specified upper limit, the transmitted signal is stronger and the coverage distance is
longer. For details, see the Country Codes and Channels Compliance in the product documentation.
Antenna gain
A higher antenna gain indicates a stronger signal strength and longer coverage distance. Select APs with proper antenna
gains based on site requirements.
Power supply
The power supply mode is related to the deployment scenario. Currently, PoEpower supply is used in most scenarios.
You can also use a power supply or use dual power supplies for backup. Pay attention to the AP's power consumption
and the power supply capability of PoEswitches.
Wi-Fi standard
The Wi-Fi standard has evolved to the sixth generation, and each generation of the standard is compatible with earlier
ones. The latest Wi-Fi 6 standard greatly improves the Wi-Fi speed and capacity, and achieves a four-fold increase in the
throughput and capacity. Therefore, Wi-Fi 6 APs are recommended.
Other features
As the Internet of Things (IoT) comes into widespread use, deploying an IoTnetwork independently will cause repeated
cabling, separate management and O&M, and high hardware and O&M investment. Therefore, it is recommended that
IoTscalability be considered when you select Wi-Fi APs.
... ...
Requirements
Collection
Site Survey Coverage DesignCapacity Design
Device model
selection

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Common APs in enterprise warehouse
scenarios
AP AirEngine6760-X1E AirEngine6760-X1 AirEngine6761-21E AirEngine6761 -21 AirEngine5761-21 AirEngine5761 -11
Image
Recommended
Scenarios
AGV areas with high
shelf heights over 6
meters
AGV area with high
shelf, low shelf and
layer height below 6
m
AGV areas with high shelf
heights over 6 m
AGV area with high
shelf, low shelf and
layer height below 6 m
AGV area with high
shelf, low shelf and
layer height below 6 m
AGV area with high
shelf, low shelf and
layer height below 6
m
Installation
Mode
T-rail and wall
mounting
T-rail and wall
mounting
Wall-mounting and
hanging pole
Ceiling, hanging pole, and
wall
Ceiling, hanging pole, and
wall
Ceiling, hanging pole,
and wall
Dimensions
(D x W x H)
220mm×220mm×61m
m
220mm×220mm×61m
m
D x H: 220 mm x 53 mm D x H: 220 mm x 53 mm D x H: 220 mm x 50 mm
D x H: 220 mm x 50
mm
MIMO
4 + 6 + Independent
Scanning
4 + 6 + Independent
Scanning 4 + 4 4 + 4 2 + 4 2 + 2
Antenna External antenna
Built-in dual-band
omnidirectional antenna
External antenna
Built-in dual-band
omnidirectional antenna
Built-in dual-band
omnidirectional antenna
Built-in dual-band
omnidirectional
antenna
Maximum
power
consumption
39.9 W (excluding USB,
PoE_OUT)
39.9 W (excluding USB,
PoE_OUT)
22.6 W (excluding USB)22.6 W (excluding USB) 17.9W (excluding USB)15.3 W (excluding USB)
Other Features USB, IOT, Bluetooth 5.0
Smart antenna, USB, IOT,
Bluetooth 5.0
IOT, USB, Bluetooth 5.0
Smart antenna, IOT, USB,
Bluetooth 5.0
Smart Antenna, USB,
Bluetooth 5.0
Smart Antenna, USB,
Bluetooth 5.0
Requirements
Collection
Site Survey Coverage DesignCapacity Design
Device model
selection

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Commonly Antennas in Warehouse
Scenarios
•The following antennas and auxiliary materials are applicable to the AirEngine6760-X1E.
•Auxiliary materials
Part Number Material Remarks
04133329 Feeder 0.5 m and other lengths; connector type: RP-SMA-J, N-J
27110089 Load
Antenna Part Number 27013720 27013718
External Model ANTDG0808D4NR ANTDG1316D4NR
Antenna Type Directional Directional
Radios 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
Gain (dBi) 8/8 13/16
Beamwidth
Horizontal (Degree) 70/70 33/18
Vertical (Degree) 70/70 33/18
Dimensions (H x W x D) 40 mm x 220 mm x 220 mm 33 mm x 380 mm x 380 mm
Connector Type
4 x Type N female connector
(dual-polarized)
4 x Type N female connector (dual-
polarized)
Requirements
Collection
Site Survey Coverage DesignCapacity Design
Device model
selection

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Coverage Design
1.The shelf structure and types of items are complex, and signal penetration is not considered.
2.Focus on ensuring the coverage of the AGV trolley operation area.
3.APs are independently deployed at intersections or corners to ensure signal coverage continuity and
roaming experience.
4.The AP is installed at least 3 meters away from the bearing column.
Improper location, signal penetration shelf coverage Reasonable location and no signal penetration through
the shelf
Requirements
Collection
Site Survey Coverage DesignCapacity Design
Device model
selection

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Coverage Distances of Common APs and
Antennas
•Omnidirectional AP (Wi-Fi 6)
▫The AP can be installed on the ceiling (recommended) or on the wall (the installation height is about 3 m).
▫The warehouse is an open scenario. Considering the edge scenario -65 dBm, the maximum coverage distance of 2.4
GHz omnidirectional antennas is 35 m, and the maximum coverage distance of 5 GHz antennas is 25 m.
▫Factors such as obstacles and the number of access terminals must be considered for site deployment in each sub-
scenario. For details about the deployment distance, see the network construction standards in the next section.
▫When installing the AP on a wall, consider whether the signals at the rear of the AP are blocked by the bearing
column or wall.
•APs with external directional antennas (AirEngine6760-X1E and AirEngine6761-21E)
▫27013720: directional antenna, used in the AGV area with a layer height of more than 6 m. The antenna is vertically
downwardly covered. The recommended installation height is 6 m to 12 m and the coverage radius is 10 m to 15 m.
▫27013718: directional antenna, horizontally facing the aisle between shelves, directional coverage, recommended
installation height of 3 m to 5 m, and coverage length of 70 m
Requirements
Collection
Site Survey Coverage DesignCapacity Design
Device model
selection

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Common Services and Average Bandwidth in
Warehouse Scenarios
Service Type
Single-Service Baseline Rate (Mbps) Proportion of Services in Warehouse Scenarios
Excellent Good Shelf AGV Area
AGV 0.512 0.256 0% 50%
CodeScanning GUN 0.512 0.256 70% 20%
Web Browsing 8 4 10% 10%
Instant messaging 0.512 0.256 10% 10%
VoIP (voice) 0.256 0.128 10% 10%
Average bandwidth in each scenario (Mbps)/Excellent 2 2
If the bandwidth requirement in a specific scenario is not specified, evaluate the required bandwidth based on the table above.
The average bandwidth required in different scenarios is the sum of the single-service baseline rates of different service typesmultiplied
by their proportions.
Requirements
Collection
Site Survey Coverage DesignCapacity Design
Device model
selection

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Maximum Number of Concurrent STAs Supported by Dual -Band APs (Assuming that All STAs Support Wi-Fi 6
and Dual Spatial Streams)
No.
STA Access
Bandwidth
Maximum Number of
Concurrent STAs (Single-Radio)
Maximum Number of
Concurrent STAs (Dual-Radio)
Maximum Number of
Concurrent STAs (Triple-Radio)
1 2 Mbps 56 85 141
2 4 Mbps 39 56 95
3 6 Mbps 27 38 65
4 8 Mbps 21 30 51
5 16 Mbps 12 18 30
•The number of concurrent STAs supported by an AP is used to calculate the number of APs required to
meet the capacity requirement while meeting the coverage requirement.
For example, 200 STAs are connected to the network, with the concurrency rate of 30%. That is, only 60 STAs run
services concurrently. When both APs and STAs comply with Wi-Fi 6, a single STA requires 8 Mbps bandwidth and
a dual-band AP (4x4 MIMO) supports concurrent access of 30 STAs (2x2 MIMO). Therefore, two APs are required
to meet the capacity requirement.
Number of Concurrent STAs Supported by a
Single AP
The preceding table lists the specifications of a dual-band AP (Wi-Fi 6, HE40).
Requirements
Collection
Site Survey Coverage DesignCapacity Design
Device model
selection

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Contents
1.OverviewofEnterpriseWLANWarehouseScenarios
2.EnterpriseWLANwarehouseplanningprocess
3.Huawei'sWLANConstructionStandardsforWarehouseScenarios
4.TypicalCasesofEnterpriseWLANWarehouse

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Sub-scenarios included in the network
construction standards
High Shelf
AGVlow shelf

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Network Construction Standards for High-
Shelf Scenarios
Scenario Description
One scenario, one policy
Scheme aestheticsCapacityCoverage Recommended AP Type Installation Mode Network Planning Solution
A Low Low High Omnidirectional AP
Ceiling or hanging
rod
Layer height 3-12 m: AP45 m evenly spaced
B Low Low High
AirEngine6761-21E or
AirEngine6760-X1E +
Directional Antenna
Wall or hanging
pole
The AP and antenna are installed at both ends of
the aisle, facing the aisle. It is recommended that
the AP and antenna be installed 3 to 5 m high and
the coverage distance be 70 m.
1.Service type:
•Use the PDA scanner to scan the
bar code.
2.Service characteristics:
•Low bandwidth and high roaming.
3.Layer height:
•3 -12 m.
Network Construction Standards
1.Experience rate: 100 Mbit/s; endurance rate: 2 Mbit/s.
2.Capacity KPI:
•Number of STAs on a single AP: 50
•Concurrency rate: 50%
3.Coverage KPI: RSSI @ 95% area ≥ –65 dBm
4.Stable KPIs:
•Roaming latency: < 20 ms& packet loss rate <0.1%
5.Access KPI: The average 802.1X access duration <3s
6.Roaming KPIs:
•The roaming success rate is greater than 97%.
•The average roaming delay is less than 100 ms.
•Roaming packet loss rate < 1%.

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Network Planning Solution for High-Shelf
Scenarios
Network Planning and Deployment Suggestions
•Use built-in omnidirectional antennas (recommended) to cover the AP ceiling. The AP height is less than 12 m. The AP spacing in a single channel is 45 m.
•Install APs with external directional antennas at both ends of the aisle. It is recommended that the APs be installed at a height of 3 to 5 m. There are three solutions:
1. AirEngine6761-21E and one directional antenna (27013718) cover one channel with a coverage distance of 70 m.
2. AirEngine6761-21E + 2 directional antennas (27013718). Each antenna covers one channel with a coverage distance of 70 m. Each antenna uses only two antennas.
3. AirEngine6761-X1E + two directional antennas (27013718), each of which covers one channel, with a coverage distance of 70 m.
shelf
45 m
45 m
shelf
70 m 70 m
AirEngine6760-X1E
AirEngine6760-X1E
AirEngine6761-21E
AirEngine6761-21E
70 m 70 m
AirEngine6761-21E
AirEngine6761-21E
70 m 70 m
70 m 70 m 70 m 70 m70 m 70 m

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Standard for Network Construction in Low
Shelf Scenarios
Scenario Description
One scenario, one policy
Scenario
Aestheti
cs
Capaci
ty
Coverag
e
Recommended AP
Model
Installation
Mode
Network Planning Solution
low shelf
area
Low Low High
Built-in omnidirectional
antenna AP
Ceiling or
lifting rod
Layer height: 3 to 12 m: AP30 m equal
triangle layout
1.Service type:
•Use the PDA scanner to scan the bar
code.
2.Service characteristics:
•Low bandwidth and high roaming.
3.Layer height:
•The floor height is 3-12 meters, and
the shelf height is about 2 meters.
Network Construction Standards
1.Experience rate: 100 Mbit/s; endurance rate: 2 Mbit/s.
2.Capacity KPI:
•Number of STAs on a single AP: 50
•Concurrency rate: 30%
3.Coverage KPI: RSSI @ 95% area ≥ –65 dBm
4.Stable KPIs:
•Roaming latency: < 20 ms& packet loss rate
<0.1%
5.Access KPI: The average 802.1X access duration <3s
6.Roaming KPIs:
•The roaming success rate is greater than 97%.
•The average roaming delay is less than 100 ms.
•Roaming packet loss rate < 1%.

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Network Planning Solution for Low Shelf
Scenarios
Network Planning and Deployment Suggestions
The warehouse layer is 3–12 m high, the shelf height is about 2 m, and the built-
in omnidirectional antenna is used for AP ceiling coverage. The APs are spaced 30
m at equal intervals and are deployed in equal triangles.
30m
30 m 30 m

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Network Construction Standards in AGV
Scenarios
AGV Warehouse
AGV trolley work
Scenario Description
One scenario, one policy
Scenario
Aesthetic
s
Capac
ity
Cover
age
Recommended AP
Model
Installation ModeNetwork Planning Solution
AP height ≤ 6 m Low Low High
Built-in omnidirectional
antenna AP
ceiling
The spacing is about 20 to 25
meters.
AP height 6-12
meters
Low Low High
AirEngine6761-21E+
Directional 70°Angle
Antenna
Ceiling or hanging rod
The spacing is about 20 to 25
meters.
1.Service type:
•AGV trolley data transmission.
2.Service characteristics:
•Low bandwidth, high roaming, and
sensitive packet loss.
3.Layer height:
•3 -12 m.
Network Construction Standards
1.Experience rate: 100 Mbit/s; endurance rate: 2 Mbit/s.
2.Capacity KPI:
•Number of STAs on a single AP: 50
•Concurrency rate: 50%
3.Coverage KPI: RSSI @ 95% area ≥ –65 dBm
4.Stable KPIs:
•Roaming latency: < 20 ms& packet loss rate <0.1%
5.Access KPI: The average 802.1X access duration <3s
6.Roaming KPIs:
•The roaming success rate is greater than 97%.
•The average roaming delay is less than 100 ms.
•Roaming packet loss rate < 1%.

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AGV Network Planning Solution
20 ~ 25 m
20 ~ 25 m 20 ~ 25 m
Network Planning and Deployment Suggestions
•AP height: ≤ 6 m; built-in omnidirectional antennas are used to cover APs. APs are deployed in equal triangles with
spacing of 20 m to 25 m.
•The AP is installed 6 to 12 meters high. The AirEngine6761-21E and directional antenna (27013720) are used for
ceiling coverage. The APs are deployed in equal triangles and the spacing is 20 to 25 meters.
20 ~ 25 m
20 ~ 25 m 20 ~ 25 m
The AP is mounted at a height of less than 6 m. AP height 6-12m

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Contents
1.OverviewofEnterpriseWLANWarehouseScenarios
2.EnterpriseWLANwarehouseplanningprocess
3.Huawei'sWLANConstructionStandardsforWarehouseScenarios
4.TypicalCasesofEnterpriseWLANWarehouse

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•Buildingdrawingofacompany'swarehousearea
WLAN Design Case in Warehouse Scenarios
High shelf
area
Low shelf
area

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•Therequirementscollectedfromcommunicationwithcustomersareasfollows:
Project Requirements
Requirement Type Result
Coverage
The coverage area is the shelf area of a warehouse, about 150 m x 100 m. The ceiling height
of the warehouse is 14 m.
Field strength Ensure that the major coverage area can receive signals.
Number of access STAs About 40 barcode scanners
Bandwidth 256 kbps for ach access user to scan QR codes normally
Coverage mode Indoor settled AP
Power supply mode PoEpower supply
Switch position The switch is placed in the ELV room in the warehouse area.

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Network Planning Tool
Using the WLAN Planner (at https://serviceturbo-cloud-cn.huawei.com), import the drawing and plan
the network.

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Obstacle Drawing
After you create a project, import a drawing, and set the scale, draw obstacles based on the collected
wall materials. Multiple types of common walls are preset on WLAN Planner. In the figure above, the
purple lines indicate metal walls.

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AP Position Planning
After drawing obstacles, you can deploy APs based on the corresponding network construction
standards. The preceding figure shows the deployment result.

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Simulation and Rendering
After the deployment is complete, you can use the tool to view the simulation effect diagram. The effect diagram
shows the signal coverage status, which needs to meet the customer's signal coverage requirements.

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Quiz
1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutwarehousescenariosarecorrect?()
A.Thewarehousescenariohashighrequirementsonbandwidth.
B.Thewarehousescenariohashighrequirementsonroaming.
C.Thewarehousescenariohashighrequirementsonpacketloss.

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Summary
•1.TypicalServiceTypesandChallengesinEnterpriseWLANWarehouseScenarios
•2.NetworkplanningprocessintheenterpriseWLANwarehousescenario
•3.HuaweiNetworkConstructionStandardsandPlanningPrinciplesintheEnterpriseWLAN
WarehouseScenario
•4.NetworkPlanningCasesinWarehouseScenarios

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Thank You
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