Scheduled Tribes in India: As revealed in Census 2011

This report highlights the data and demographics of scheduled tribes (ST) in 30 states and union territories of India, as documented in Census 2011. The report makes comparisons from 1961 by showing population trends as well as decadal growth rate. It also focuses on the livelihoods of people from scheduled castes and tribes (SC/ST) in rural as well as urban India.

Presently, 705 ethnic groups are notified as STs in the country. In the decade before Census 2011, there were some changes in the lists of STs in states and union territories, and with the addition or deletion of certain tribes, some areas show either an increase or a decline in the numbers.

1. CENSUS OF INDIA 2011
Dr. C. CHANDRAMOULI Dr. C. CHANDRAMOULI Dr. C. CHANDRAMOULI Dr. C. CHANDRAMOULI
REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA
MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS
03 May 2013 03 May 2013 03 May 2013 03 May 2013
As revealed in Census 2011 As revealed in Census 2011 As revealed in Census 2011 As revealed in Census 2011

2. •
Article  Article  Article  Article –––– 342: 342:342: 342:
•
Provides for specification of tribes or tribal communities or 
parts of or groups within tribes or tribal communities which 
are deemed to be for the purposes of the Constitution the 
Scheduled Tribes in relation to that State or Union Territory.
•
In pursuance of these provisions, the list of Scheduled Tribes 
are notified for each State or Union Territory and are valid 
only within the jurisdiction of that State or Union Territory 
and not outside.

3. •
Scheduled Tribes are notified in 30 States/UTs
•
Number of individual ethnic groups, etc. notified 
as Scheduled Tribes is  705
•
There has been some changes in the List of  Scheduled Tribes in States/ UTs during the last 
decade

4.
















































































































































!





















"










#









$






#








































%
&
'
(
)
*
+
,
-
%.
%
%
/ 0
1 2
3
45
4
67
8
8
6
6
4
69
4
:
:
6
%






;






'
%
&
)
&
&
&
%
&









;






+
&
(
%
'





+
*
%
(
<




%
&
-
'
)
=


'
'
>
*
=

>




,
&
'
'
+
?






;






(
&
&
,
@



A




%
%
-
&
-
B






A

)
(
%
%.
B





'
%
%
+
*
&
)
%
%
%






;






'
'
%
&











'
&
%
%
'







)
(
%
(

C




%
%
%
)
"




%
%
)
%
%
)
%
*


A
A


&
&
%
+








%
%
,







%
%
%
%
%
-





;






%.
%.
&.
D



<





&
&

7. 80
100
120
68
84
104
62.8
77.3
93.8

E N
SU
N   N
O
S
C F
Scheduled Tribes (in millions) by residence Scheduled Tribes (in millions) by residence Scheduled Tribes (in millions) by residence Scheduled Tribes (in millions) by residence: 1961 : 1961 : 1961 : 1961----201120112011 2011
(in millions)
0
20
40
60
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
30
38
52
29.4
36.7
48.4
1
1
3
5
7
11
Total
Rural
Urban



 

1r
N
S

. HR
ML
MG
HT
&

8. (In %)
C
E N
S
U  
O
N
S
F
O

N

9. (In %)
C
E N
S
U  
O
N
S
F
O

N

10. PROPORTION 
OF STs in 
State’s  State’s 
population

11. Madhya Pradesh
14.7
Maharashtra
10.1
West Bengal
Karnataka
4.1
Assam
3.7
Meghalaya
2.5
Rest
11.6
(In %)
Odisha
9.2
Rajasthan
8.9
Gujarat
8.6
Jharkhand
8.3
Chhattisgarh
7.5
Andhra Pradesh
5.7
West Bengal
5.1
Shows the states’ share of ST population out of India’s ST population

12. Number of States/UTs Number of States/UTs Number of States/UTs Number of States/UTs
No listed ST in 
Census 2001 and 
Census 2011
5555 (Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, NCT of 
Delhi, Puducherry)
Change within ±0.2 
percent points
7777 (Uttarakhand, Mizoram, Meghalaya, 
Assam, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu)
Decrease by more 
5555
(Nagaland,
Chhattisgarh, Daman & Diu, D 
Decrease by more  than 0.2% percent 
points
5555
(Nagaland,
Chhattisgarh, Daman & Diu, D 
& N Haveli, A & N Islands)
Increase by more 
than 1 percent 
points
4 4 4  4 States/UTs (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, 
Arunachal Pradesh, Goa)
Increase by 0.2 to 1 
percent points
141414 14 States/UTs (all except the above)

13. State/UT State/UT State/UT State/UT % to total  % to total  % to total  % to total 
population population population population
Additions in the list  Additions in the list  Additions in the list  Additions in the list  after Census 2001 after Census 2001 after Census 2001 after Census 2001
2001 20012001 2001 201120112011 2011
Himachal 
Pradesh
4.0 5.7 9  Beta, Beda 
10 Domba, Gara, Zoba
Area restriction removed  Area restriction removed  Area restriction removed  Area restriction removed 
for Gaddi and Gujjar
Sikkim 20.6 33.8 3 Limboo
4 
Tamang
4 
Tamang
Arunachal 
Pradesh
64.2 68.8 All tribes of the State are included in the list. 
After Census 2001, more specific names like 
Idu, Taroan, Hrusso, Tagin, Khamba and Adi
have been mentioned in this list
Goa 0.0 10.2 6 Kunbi
7 Gawda
8 Velip

14. State/UT State/UT State/UT State/UT % to total % to total  % to total  % to total 
population population population population
Additions in the list  Additions in the list  Additions in the list  Additions in the list  after Census 2001 after Census 2001 after Census 2001 after Census 2001
2001 20012001 2001 201120112011 2011
Jammu & 
Kashmir
10.9 11.9 No change
Rajasthan12.6 13.5No change
Uttar Pradesh
0.1
0.6
Change from SC to ST for different names  in specified districts 
Details Details Details Details
0.1
0.6
in specified districts 
Manipur
34.2 35.1
30 Poumai naga
31 Tarao
32 Kharam
33 Any Kuki tribes
Tripura
31.1 31.8
Sub-tribe names under:
6  Bengshel, Dub, Kaipeng, Kalai, Karbong, 
Lengui, Mussum, Rupini, Sukuchep, 
Thangchep
14 Murashing
Details Details Details Details

15. State/UT State/UT State/UT State/UT % to total % to total  % to total  % to total 
population population population population
Additions in the list  Additions in the list  Additions in the list  Additions in the list  after Census 2001 after Census 2001 after Census 2001 after Census 2001
2001 20012001 2001 201120112011 2011
Odisha

C
E

C
N
Addition of names in many listed tribes
Madhya 
Pradesh

C
U

E C
E
Change in area restriction for some of 
the tribes
Details Details Details Details

16. State/UT State/UT State/UT State/UT % to total % to total  % to total  % to total 
population population population population
Possible reason Possible reason Possible reason Possible reason
2001 20012001 2001 201120112011 2011
Nagaland
N
C
E
NC
C
E
Migration from outside State
Chhattisgarh
U
E C
N
U
S
C
C
Reduction in line with previous Census 
(reduced by 0.7 points between Census  (reduced by 0.7 points between Census  1991 and Census 2001)
Daman & Diu
N
C
N
C
C
U
Migration from outside State
D & N Haveli
C
C

E
C
S
Migration from outside State
A & N Islands
N
C
U
N
C
E
Tsunami

18. Total Households
Total SC ST Gen.
Total
72.6
68.4
81.6
Percentage of Households : 2011
(in millions)
Total Rural Urban
Total Rural Urban 17.9
19.6
14.3
9.5
12.0
4.0
SC
ST
Gen.

19. 30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
35.7
58.2
40.6
53.0
42.2
49.7
43.0
48.9
54.2
41.0
57.2
38.2
0.0
10.0
20.0
Good Livable Dilapidated Good Livable Dilapidated
20012011
6.06.4
8.18.1
4.84.5
ST
SC
Others

20. 30
35
40
45
50
44
33
47
31
34
32
0
5
10
15
20
25
No exclusive 
room
One room Two rooms Three rooms Four rooms Five rooms Six rooms and 
above
4
11
5
11
5
10
4
11
4
16
9
33
STs
SCs
Other

21. 43.5
33.5
41.3
39.6
24.4
39.2
46.6
31.2
2011
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
Decadal Change (2011-2001)
(HH in %)
Tap Well Hand pump Tube well/ 
Borehole
All others
11.0
8.5
3.5
8.3
7.7
3.2
24.4
21.1
7.8
7.5
10.4
8.8
3.0
Total
SC
ST
Gen.
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
Tap Well Hand 
pump
Tube well/ 
Borehole
All others
Total
SC
ST
Gen.

22. Distribution of Households by
Source of Drinking Water –Tap
Scheduled Tribes
20012011

23. (HH in %)
46.6
35.8
35.4
43.6
46.7
33.6
52.8
32.5
2011
2.04.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
Decadal Change (2011-2001)
Within Premises Near Premises Away 
17.6
21.0
19.7
14.6
Total
SC
ST
Gen.
-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
Within 
Premises
Near Premises Away 
Total
SC
ST
Gen.

24. Main source of lighting
•67% households use electricity  (SC – 59%; ST- 52%)
Increase of 11pt over 2001 (SC – 15 pt; ST- 15 pt)
•31% of households use Kerosene (SC – 40%; ST- 46%)
Decline of 12 pt over 2001 (SC – 15 pt; ST- 16 pt)

25. 67.2
59.0
39.5
51.7
45.6
71.3
2011
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
11.4
14.7
15.2
9.9
Decadal Change (2011-2001)
Electricity Kerosene
31.4
39.5
27.6
Total
SC
ST
Gen.
-20.0
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
Electricity Kerosene
-11.9
-15.2
-16.3
-10.3
Total
SC
ST
Gen.

26. Households using 
Electricity as Source of Lighting
Scheduled Tribes
2011
2001

27. Bathing facility:
•
58% households have bathing facility (SC – 48%;ST – 31%)
•
Increase of 22 pts over 2001   ( SC -25 pts; ST – 16  pts)

28. 42.0
41.6
52.5
68.6
48.8
35.3
2011
22.3
25.2
22.2
Decadal Change (2011-2001)
(HH in %)
Bathroom Enclosure without roof Bathing Facility - Not 
available
16.4
27.7
19.8
17.3
14.1
15.9
35.3
Total
SC
ST
Gen.
Bathing Facility - Available
16.3
Total
SC
ST
Gen.

29. •
51% households have drainage facility (SC – 47%;ST –23%)
•
18% households have closed drainage (SC – 11%;ST – 6%) 
and 33% households have open drainage (SC- 35%  ST- 17%)
•
5 pt decline in households having no drainage over  2001 (SC
-
4 
•
5 pt decline in households having no drainage over  2001 (SC
-
4 
pt; ST-1 pt) 
•
Rural-Urban difference in no drainage increased by  1 pt from 
44 pt in 2001 to  45 pts in 2011

30. 48.9
53.4
77.3
44.0
2011
6.0
8.0
5.6
4.2
6.5
Decadal Change (2011-2001)
(HH in %)
Closed drainage Open drainage No drainage
18.1
33.0
11.3
35.3
6.1
16.7
21.4
34.6
44.0
Total
SC
ST
Gen.
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
Closed 
drainage
Open 
drainage
No drainage
-0.9
-4.7
4.2
-0.5
-3.7
1.6
-0.6
-0.9
-1.0
-5.4
Total
SC
ST
Gen.

31. Latrine facility within premises:
P47% households have latrine facility 
(SC – 34%;ST – 23%)
PAbout 37% households have water closet 
(SC – 24%;ST – 15%) 
P9% households have pit latrine 
8.0
10.0
12.0
10.5
10.2
5.6
11.0
Decadal Change (2011-2001)
(SC – 9%;ST – 7%)
P1% households have other latrine 
(SC – 1 %;ST – 1 %)
P11 pt decline in households having no latrine 
(SC–10 pt;ST–6 pt) (R–9 pt;U –8 pt)
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
Latrine Facility - Available
Total
SC
ST
Gen.

32. 36.4
53.1
66.1
77.4
42.3
46.7
2011
74.7
% HH having no latrine facilities 
within premises, 2011
(HH in %)
Water Closet Pit Latrine Other Latrine No Latrine
36.4
9.4
1.1
23.9
9.2
0.7
15.3
6.7
0.6
9.8
1.2
Total
SC
ST
Gen.
Total SC ST Gen.
3.2
4.1
2.7
3.1
49.8
62.1
74.7
43.6
Public Latrine
Open

33. Households having No Latrine Facility Scheduled Tribes
2011
2001

34. 55.8
31.5
43.0
40.6
48.3
39.5
59.9
28.3
Availability of kitchen, 2011, India
(HH in %)
Has Kitchen Does not have 
kitchen
Has Kitchen Does not have 
kitchen
Cooking inside house: Cooking outside house: No Cooking
5.5
6.8
0.3
6.1
10.0
0.3
5.4
6.6
0.2
5.4
6.1
0.4
Total
SC
ST
Gen.

35. Fuel Used for Cooking
•
66% households use firewood/crop residue, cow dung cake 
(SC –77%;ST – 87%)
•
29% households use LPG/PNG (SC – 17%;ST – 9%)
•
Increase of  11 pts in use of LPG/PNG (SC – 9 pt; ST  – 4 pt)

36. 49.0
54.9
78.4
43.7
2011(HH in %)
Fire-wood Crop residue Cowdung cake LPG/PNG All others
8.9
7.9
28.5
5.3
11.3
11.2
16.9
5.4
6.2
2.6
9.3
3.3
8.6
7.8
33.9
5.6
Total
SC
ST
Gen.

37. 67.2
86.2
31.9
79.6
92.1
47.9
89.0
96.2
46.7
61.5
82.8
28.5
Percentage of Households using polluting  
fuels for cooking within the house - 2011
(HH in %)
Total Rural Urban
28.5
Total
SC
ST
Gen.
Fire-wood, Crop residue, Cowdung cake, Coal,Lignite, Charcoal and Kerosene have been considered as 
polluting fuels for the purpose of this presentatio n.

38. (HH in %)
21.0
14.3
35.2
12.0
23.2
25.4
24.8
17.5
37.8
Percentage of Households posessing 
Scooter/Moter cycle: 2011
Total Rural Urban
14.3
12.0
8.1
9.0
6.4
Total
SC
ST
Gen.

39. (HH in %)
9.7
6.2
5.7
10.9
Percentage of Households posessing 
Car/Jeep/Van: 2011
Total Rural Urban
4.7
2.3
1.8
1.1
4.0
1.6
0.9
5.7
2.8
Total
SC
ST
Gen.

40. (HH in %)
44.8
46.2
41.9
45.1
45.6
43.3
36.4
36.2
37.6
45.9
48.1
41.9
Percentage of Households posessing bicycle: 
2011
Total Rural Urban
Total
SC
ST
Gen.

41. (HH in %)
19.9
17.3
25.3
15.8
14.5
19.7
14.2
13.0
21.9
21.6
18.9
26.5
Percentage of Households posessing 
Radio/Transistor: 2011
Total Rural Urban Total
SC
ST
Gen.

42. (HH in %)
57.2
51.1
70.3
53.1
47.0
70.9
34.8
29.1
71.0
61.1
56.1
70.1
Percentage of Households posessing telephone: 
2011
Total Rural Urban
29.1
Total
SC
ST
Gen.

43. (HH in %)
47.2
33.4
76.7
39.1
29.1
68.5
21.9
64.2
52.5
37.8
78.8
Percentage of Households posessing 
television: 2011
Total Rural Urban
29.1
21.9
15.2
Total
SC
ST
Gen.

44. (HH in %)
9.5
18.7
11.3
14.2
10.8
20.2
Percentage of Households posessing 
Computer/Laptop: 2011
Total Rural Urban
9.5
5.2
6.5
4.8
5.2
3.8
5.5
Total
SC
ST
Gen.

45. (HH in %)
22.9
22.6
26.4
37.3
41.1
Percentage of Households posessing None of 
the specified assets: 2011
Total Rural Urban
17.8
22.9
7.0
22.6
26.4
11.6
13.5
14.1
18.7
5.9
Total
SC
ST
Gen.

46. (HH in %)
58.7
54.4
67.8
50.9
49.2
55.9
45.0
42.8
58.8
62.4
58.0
70.3Percentage of Households availing 
banking services: 2011
Total Rural Urban
Total
SC
ST
Gen.

47. Thank you
http://www.censusindia.gov.in

48. Additions in ST names due to shifting from SC to ST in Uttar  Additions in ST names due to shifting from SC to ST in Uttar  Additions in ST names due to shifting from SC to ST in Uttar  Additions in ST names due to shifting from SC to ST in Uttar 
Pradesh Pradesh Pradesh Pradesh
6. Gond, Dhuria, Nayak, Ojha, Pathari, Raj Gond
(districts: 
Mehrajganj, Sidharth 
Nagar, Basti, Gorakhpur, Deoria, Mau, Azamgarh, Jonpur, Balia, Gazip
ur, Varanasi, Mirzapur and Sonbhadra)
7. Kharwar, Khairwar
(district: Deoria, Balia, Ghazipur, Varanasi and 
Sonbhadra)
8. Saharya
(district: Lalitpur)
9.
Parahiya
(district: Sonbhadra)
9.
Parahiya
(district: Sonbhadra)
10. Baiga
(district: Sonbhadra)
11. Pankha, Panika
(district: Sonbhadra and Mirzapur)
12. Agariya
(district: Sonbhadra)
13. Patari
(district: Sonbhadra)
14. Chero
(district: Sonbhadra and Varanasi)
15. Bhuiya, Bhuinya
(district: Sonbhadra)

49. Additions in ST names in Odisha Additions in ST names in Odisha Additions in ST names in Odisha Additions in ST names in Odisha

50. Change in area restriction in Madhya Pradesh Change in area restriction in Madhya Pradesh Change in area restriction in Madhya Pradesh Change in area restriction in Madhya Pradesh
34 Panika
[ in Umaria, and (ii) Sevda and Datia tehsils of Datia
district)]
37 Pardhi, Bahelia, Bahellia, Chita Pardhi, LangoliPardhi, Phans
Pardhi, Shikari, Takankar, Takia [
in (i) Chhindwara, Mandla, Dindori
and Seoni districts, (ii) Baihar tehsil of Balaghat dis trict, (iii) Betul, 
Bhainsdehi and Shahpur tahsils of Betul district, (iv)  Patan tahsil
and Sihora and Majholi blocks of Jabalpur disitrict, (v) Katni
(Murwara) and Vijaya Raghogarh tahsils and Bahoriband and 
Dhemerkheda blocks of Katni district, (vi) Hoshangabad, Babai, 
Sohagpur,
Pipariya and Bankhedi tahsils and Kesla block of Hoshangabad
district, (vii) Narsinghpur district, and (viii) Har sud tahsil of 
Khandwa district]d