Schizoaffective Disorder.pptx

Schizoaffective Disorder

1. Schizoaffective Disorder Done by: Noor al- soub Supervised by: Dr. Amer al- rawajfeh

2. Schizoaffective disorder has features of both schizophrenia and mood disorders. Specific DSM-5 criteria for schizoaffective disorder are as follows: An uninterrupted duration of illness during which there is a major mood episode (manic or depressive) in addition to criterion A for schizophrenia ; the major depressive episode must include depressed mood. Criterion A for schizophrenia is as follows: Two or more of the following presentations, each present for a significant amount of time during a 1-month period. At least one of these must be from the first three below. Delusions. Hallucinations. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence). Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. Negative symptoms (i.e., diminished emotional expression or avolition). 3/1/20XX SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 2

3. Delusions or hallucinations for 2 weeks in the absence of mood disorder symptoms (this criterion is necessary to differentiate schizoaffective disorder from mood disorder with psychotic features). Mood symptoms present for a majority of the psychotic illness. Symptoms not due to the effects of a substance (drug or medication) or another medical condition. 3/1/20XX SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 3

4. -Must have some episodes of psychosis alone. -Some psychosis in absence of mania/depression. 3/1/20XX SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 4

5. -Mania or depression with psychotic features. -All psychotic episodes occur with mania/depression. 3/1/20XX SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 5

6. Epidemiology / Age+Sex Differences The lifetime prevalence of schizoaffective disorder is less than 1 percent. The depressive type of schizoaffective disorder  more common in older persons than in younger persons. The bipolar type of schizoaffective disorder  more common in young adults than in older adults. The age of onset for women is later than that for men. Men with schizoaffective disorder are likely to exhibit antisocial behavior and to have a markedly flat or inappropriate affect. 3/1/20XX SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 6

7. Etiology The cause of schizoaffective disorder is unknown . The disorder may be a type of schizophrenia, a type of mood disorder, or the simultaneous expression of each. Schizoaffective disorder may also be a distinct third type of psychosis, one that is unrelated to either schizophrenia or a mood disorder. The most likely possibility is that schizoaffective disorder is a heterogeneous group of disorders encompassing all of these possibilities. 3/1/20XX SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 7

8. Treatment The treatment of schizoaffective disorder typically involves both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy . The mainstay of most treatment regimens should include an antipsychotic , but the choice of treatment should be tailored to the individual. 3/1/20XX SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 8

9. Pharmacotherapy Antipsychotics: Used to target psychosis and aggressive behavior in schizoaffective disorder. Other symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, negative symptoms, disorganized speech, and behavior. Most first and second-generation antipsychotics block dopamine receptors . While second-generation antipsychotics have further actions on serotonin receptors. Paliperidone (FDA approved for schizoaffective disorder), risperidone, haloperidol. Clozapine is for refractory cases, much like in schizophrenia. 3/1/20XX SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 9

10. Mood-stabilizers : Patients who have periods of distractibility, grandiosity, a flight of ideas. Consider the use of mood-stabilizers if the patient has a history of manic or hypomanic symptoms. These include medications such as lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine . 3/1/20XX SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 10

11. Antidepressants: Used to target depressive symptoms in schizoaffective disorder. Selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are preferred due to lower risk for adverse drug effects and tolerability when compared to tricyclic antidepressants and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. SSRIs include fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram . It is vital to rule out bipolar disorder before starting an antidepressant due to the risk of exacerbating a manic episode. 3/1/20XX SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 11

12. Psychotherapy Individual therapy: aims to normalize thought processes and better help the patient understand the disorder and reduce symptoms. This includes social skills training and vocational المهني training. Family and/or group therapy: Family education aids in compliance with medications and appointments and helps provide structure throughout the patient's life. ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy): it is usually a last resort treatment. It is used in urgent cases and treatment resistance. The most common indicated symptoms are catatonia and aggression . ECT is safe and effective for most chronically hospitalized patients. 3/1/20XX SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 12

13. Prognosis If predominant symptoms were affective  (better prognosis). Schizophrenic  (worse prognosis). Also, worse prognosis is associated with poor *premorbid adjustment, slow onset, early onset, long course, and family history of schizophrenia. * premorbid adjustment: the ability of a person to make social and intimate relationships as well as their academic achievements before the onset of psychotic symptoms . 3/1/20XX SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 13

14. Complications If left untreated, schizoaffective disorder has many effects in both social functioning and activities of daily living. These include unemployment, isolation, impaired ability to care for self and may lead to suicide . 3/1/20XX SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 14