Schizophrenia Disorder

SCHIZOPHRENIA DISORDER
MENTAL ILLNESS
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER

1. Dr. Rahul Sharma
Associate Professor
H.O.D. of Mental Health Nursing
Ph. D Coordinator
Seedling School of Nursing,
Jaipur National University, Jaipur
SCHIZOPHRENIA

2. INTRODUCTION
In1911,EugenBlueleraSwisspsychiatrist
Coinedthetermschizophrenia.Itiscombination
of2Greekwordsschizomeans'split'andphrenia
means'mind'
Heexplainedthatthesplitoccurbetween
Cognitiveandemotionalaspectofthepersonality.

3. Definition
Agroupofdisordermanifestedby
disturbanceinthinking,moodand
behaviorwithactivesymptomslike
delusionandhallucinationwith
disorganizedspeechandcatatonic
behavior.

4. Etiology
1. Influence of neurotransmitter
Norepinephrine, Gabaepinephrine,
serotonin; influence the pathophysiology of
schizophrenia.
2. Genetic factors
Monozygotic and dizygotic twins
Parents to offspring through genes
Relatives of client are commonly suffered.

5. Etiology
3.Neurodevelopmental factors
Viralinfection affecting intranatalmother
Any condition that injures the developing foetusbrain.
4. Neuropsychological factors
Organic brain damage
Brain infection
Trauma
Poison
Metabolic disorder

6. Etiology
5. Family factors
High level of expressed emotion in family
Broken homes and family
Family rejection
Overprotection
Family blaming.
Deprived parents children relationship
6. Environmental factors
Stressful environment
Traumatic experiences

7. Etiology
7. Psychological factors
Impaired ego functioning
Low IQ level
Exposed to crisis situation
8. Social factors
Community disorganization
Strain IPR
Social isolation
Urbanization
Poor social interaction

8. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
HALLUCINATION
DELUSION
AGGRESSION
BIZARRE BEHAVIOUR
SUSPICIOUSNESS
EXCITEMENT
GRANDIOSITY
NONSENSE WORDS
SHIFTING QUICKLY FROM ONE THOUGHT TO ANOTHER
THOUGHT
MOVING SLOWLY

9. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
UNABLE TO MAKE DECISIONS
WRITING EXCESSIVELY WITHOUT MEANING
FORGETTING OR LOSING THINGS
REPEATING MOVEMENTS
LACK OF EMOTIONS
SOCIAL WITHDRAWAL
LACK OF MOTIVATION
LOSS OF PLEASURE
POOR HYGIENE

10. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
BIZARRE AND ILLOGICAL THOUGHT
NEOLOGISM
CIRCUMSTANTIALITY
ECHOPRAXIA
PERSEVERATION
VERBIGERATION

11. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
PROBLEM IN FUNCTIONING AT SCHOOL OR
WORK
CATATONIA
MOODINESS
ASSOCIATIVE LOOSENESS
AUTISTIC THINKING
AMBIVALENCE.

12. TYPES OF
SCHIZOPHRENIA

14. SIMPLE SCHIZOPHRENIA
Onset is early,and includes –ve symptoms ,
decreased motor activity and associative
looseness.

15. CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
Catatonic sch. Is characterized by
disturbance in motor behviour.

16. PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA
It is manifested by Lack of trust,
suspiciousness, Grandiosity.
This is the most common type of
schizophrenia. Symptoms include
hallucinations and/or delusions, but your
speech and emotions may not be affected.

17. HEBEPHRENIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
It include severe disintegration of personality
,person will act senseless, giggling, silly
smile, bizzare behaviour.

18. UNDIFFERENTIATED SCHIZOPHRENIA
Features of more than one sub type are
present.

19. RESIDUAL SCHIZOPHRENIA
Severity of schizophrenia has decreased .
Hallucination and delusion may still be
present but less than that as were in starting.

20. ACUTE SCHIZOPHRENIA
Acute schizophrenia is considered an
activephase of schizophrenia. It includes
depression, delirium suffering from
nightmares.
It can be diagnosed as [individuals] who only
hear voices and are talking to themselves.

21. LATENT SCHIZOPHRENIA
latentschizophreniaoldertermforatypeof
schizophreniacharacterizedbyclear
symptomsofschizophreniabutnohistoryof
apsychoticschizophrenicepisode.

22. CHILDHOOD SCHIZOPHERNIA
It starts early in life, and has a profound
impact on a child's behavior and
development. With childhood schizophrenia,
the early age of onset presents special
challenges for diagnosis, treatment,
education, and emotional and social
development.

23. POST SCHIZOPHRENIC DEPRESSION
Post-schizophrenic depressionis a
"depressive episode arising in the aftermath
of aschizophrenicillness where some low-
level schizophrenic symptoms may still be
present. Depression is a common symptom
found in patients with schizophrenia and the
suicidal tendencies are maximum.

24. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
aurineorbloodtest [to make sure
thatalcoholordrug abuseisn’t causing the
symptoms]
History collection
Mental Status Examination

26. MANAGEMENT
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
ANTI ANXIETY DRUGS
alprazolam(Xanax)
clonazepam(Klonopin)
diazepam(Valium)
lorazepam(Ativan)

27. Anti depressants
Clozapine (Clozaril, Versacloz)
Iloperidone (Fanapt)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Paliperidone (Invega)
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Ziprasidone (Geodon)

28. BETA-BLOCKERS
Acebutolol
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)
Nadolol (Corgard)
Nebivolol (Bystolic)
Propranolol

29. PSYCHOTHERAPY
Behaviour therapy
Yoga therapy
Cognitive therapy
Group medication
Milieu therapy
Individual psychotherapy
ECT