SCHIZOPHRENIA Disorder/ Brain Disorder.pdf

This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.

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1. selfexplanatory.2022
HelloHI
नमस्ते
ْم
ُ
كْيالاع ُمالََّسلا
َِّللَّٱ ُةامْحاراو
ُهُتاكاراباو
Saba Parvin Haque
M.Sc. Life Sciences
(Specialization in Neurobiology)
from “Sophia College”
(Autonomous), Mumbai.

4. Source: https://youtu.be/H1blxu9S94s
What is Schizophrenia?

5. Who is affected?
1.Schizophrenia affects about 1% of
the population.
2.Several studies indicate that the
incidence of schizophrenia is
higher in men.
3.In women usually occurs between
25-35 years of age and in men
usually occurs between 15-25
years of age.
4.3.5 million Americans have
schizophrenia.

6. Types of Schizophrenia

7. Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/iQvSa8HN2TkzyWJE7Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/1vfca6JX6XWFd9A47
What causes Schizophrenia

8. Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/iQvSa8HN2TkzyWJE7

9. Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/iQvSa8HN2TkzyWJE7

10. Symptoms: 1. Positive Symptoms
1.Delusion
2.Hallucination
3.Thought Disorder
4.Movement disorder
All Schizophrenia
affected persons are
Dangerous to
themselves or others.
Violent Behavior

11. Symptoms: 2. Negative Symptoms

12. Symptoms: 3. Cognitive Symptoms

13. Symptoms: 4. Affective Symptoms
Source: (Morrissette & Stahl, 2011)

14. Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/oVXR8CzoG9FxyVfP6

15. Source: https://thewrightinitiative.com/800/600/http/image.slidesharecdn.com/dopaminehypothesis-130221035107-phpapp02/95/dopamine-hypothesis-6-638.jpg?cb=1361419274

16. •Figure: Circuitry of dopamine, glutamate, and GABA neurotransmitters. Comparison between healthy and a schizophrenia circuitry between the
three neurotransmitters. In schizophrenia, GABA is decreased, while glutamate and dopamine are increased. This imbalance gives rise to
hypoactivity and hyperactivity in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens respectively.
•Source: https://d3i71xaburhd42.cloudfront.net/f253869c3aebb7a0b86738b268fb607493fc696e/500px/3-Figure2-1.png

17. Potential Therapeutics
Ref: (Munawar et al., 2021)
Psychotherapy involves:
(i)individual psychotherapy,
(ii)cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) or
(iii) cognitive enhancement therapy
(CET)
Antipsychotic Medications:
•Olanzapine (zyprexa)
•Risperidone (risperdal)
•Quetiapine (seroquel)
•Ziprasidone (geodon)

18. Figure: Types, mechanism of action, and side effects of first-generation and second-
generation antipsychotics.
Ref: (Munawar et al., 2021)

19. Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/iQvSa8HN2TkzyWJE7

21. References
•Akhondzadeh S. (2019). Microbiome and Schizophrenia.Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology,11(4), 269.
•Aneja, J., Singhai, K., & Paul, K. (2018). Very early-onset psychosis/schizophrenia: Case studies of spectrum of presentation and management
issues.Journal of family medicine and primary care,7(6), 1566–1570. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_264_18
•Graham, L., Marshall, M., & Oritz, R. (2016). Neurobandits : a runaway dopamine molecule that can ’ t be stopped.
•Home. (2024, April 18). https://www.who.int/
•Health News - Medical News Today. (n.d.). https://www.medicalnewstoday.com
•Home. (2024a, April 18). The Pharmaceutical Journal. https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/
•Morrissette, D. A., & Stahl, S. M. (2011). Affective symptoms in schizophrenia. Drug Discovery Today. Therapeutic Strategies, 8(1–2), 3–9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ddstr.2011.10.005
•NIMH » Home. (2024, April 18). Y. https://www.nimh.nih.gov

22. Thank You