Science form 3 chapter4.12 vegetative reproduction

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1. Science form 3 chapter 4.12 vegetative reproduction Group member: Nikkie Koh Ong Siew Fong Chin Ying Zhen Koay Jia Xuan

2. definition Vegetative reproduction in plants is defined as a type of asexual reproduction . Does not involve gametes Vegetative reproduction is also defined as the production of new plantlets from the vegetative parts (leaf, stem, roots) of a parent plant. 

3. Types of vegetative parts Vegetative parts— LEAVES

4. Leaves Buds that grow at the edge of the leaf will grow into new plants Example : Begonia , Bryophyllum Begonia leaves

5. Types of vegetative parts Vegetative parts— STEMS runners rhizomes tubers suckers corms

6. Runners (runner is also call stolon ) A stem that sprouts from an existing stem and grows horizontally on the surface of the soil. New plants grow from the node tip. Example : Grass , strawberry

7. Rhizome A root-like stem, which is the main stem/ underground stem , that can grow horizontally or other directions underground. Example : lotus , ginger

8. Underground stem that produce new shoots from buds or eyes. Example : potato ,dahlia Tubers Dahlia pinnata is the national flower of Mexico

9. Corms A short ,vertical ,swollen underground stem. New shoots from the buds located on the top of the corm. Example : cocoyam , banana

10. Suckers （吸芽） New shoots that grow from underground stems Producing upright shoots Example : banana ,pineapple

11. Onion bulb Lily bulb tulip bulb Bulbs A short stem with fleshy leaves. New shoots arise from buds in the axils of the fleshy leaves. Example : Onions ,lily ,tulip

12. Types of vegetative parts Vegetative parts— ROOTS

13. root Roots Adventitious buds are formed from the root. These buds detach from the root and develop into new plants Example : carrot ,sweet potato

14. vegetative reproduction or vegetative propagation Grow much faster than those grow from seeds. Fruit are produced in shorter period of time. Does not require agents of pollination. Does not involve gametes No variation Overcrowding and competition for space ,nutrients and sunlight between the new plants and the parent plants advantages disadvantages

15. THE Application of research on vegetative reproduction in algriculture

16. Stem cuttings ( 切茎法 ) Most commonly used method of vegetative propagation. A stem cutting is a portion of a stem that includes one or more nodes removed from a parent plant and capable of rooting. The cutting is then planted in the soil. Adventitious roots will grow from the nodes after a few weeks. A stem cutting is used to grow a whole new plant ,which is know as cloning. Example : rose ,sugar cane ,hibiscus ,tapioca

17. Marcotting A ring of bark of a healthy plant with internodes and buds is cut and removed. The removed part is covered with moist soil and then wrapped with a sheet of plastic ,cloth or coconut husk. When roots are formed ,the branch is cut from the parent plant and then planted in the ground.

18. Tissue culture It is a technique in which new plants are produced from the tissues of parent plants. The plant tissues are cultured in a petri dish (in vitro) containing nutrients and rooting hormones. All preparations are done in a sterilised condition. This technique produces plenty of new plants in a short time ,using minimal space and can be carried out at anytime throughout the year. The young plant produced is genetically alike as the parent and is known as clone. Example : paddy ,banana , orchid ,tomato ,oil palm

19. The end