SCIENCE LESSON-4-PROPERTIES-OF-MATTER.pdf

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1. PROPERTIES OF MATTER
AND ITS CHANGES
Anintroductiontothe
propertiesofmatter
anditschanges

2. Matter
Matter
–anythingthathasmassand
occupiesspace

3. Matter
Pure Substance Mixture
ElementCompound HomogeneousHeterogeneous
Base
Acid
Salt
Colloids
Solution
Semi-Metal
Metal
Non-Metal
Coarse
Mixture
Suspension

4. Components of Matter
Classifications:PureSubstance
&Mixture

5. Pure Substance
Element
-thesimplesttypeof
substancewithuniquephysical
andchemicalproperties

6. Pure Substance
Element
-consistsof
onlyonetypeof
atom

7. Pure Substance
Molecule
-astructurethat
consistsoftwoor
moreatoms

8. Pure Substance
Compound
–asubstance
composedoftwoor
moreelementsthat
are chemically
combined

10. Mixture
Mixture
–agroupoftwoor
more elements
and/orcompounds
thatarephysically
intermingled

11. Mixture

12. Mixture
HomogeneousMixture
-asolutionwhichisuniform
throughout
-coffee,alloy
-homo(thesame);genus(kind)

14. Mixture
HeterogeneousMixture
–non-uniform (atleasttwo
componentscanbeobserved)
-pizza,oil/water
-hetero(different);genus(kind)

16. Mixture
HeterogeneousMixture:
ColloidsandCoarseMixture
(Suspension)

17. Mixture
Suspension
-particlesarenotdissolved
-thesolidparticleswillsettle
andseparateovertime

18. Mixture
Colloid
-appearverysimilartosolution
-particlesaresuspendedinthe
solutionratherthandissolved

19. Mixture

20. Mixture

21. ClassifythefollowingasSolution,Suspension,or
Colloid:
1.Milk 2.Flourinwater
3.Sandinwater4.Sodainwater
5.Vinegar 6.Alcohol
7.Seawater 8.Saltinwater
9.Shavingcream10.Air

22. Separating Mixtures
1.Filtration
2.Decantation
3.SimpleandFractionalDistillations
4.MagneticSeparation
5.Centrifugation
6.Flotation
7.Sublimation
8.Chromatography

23. Separating Mixtures
Filtration
-processinwhichthesolid
particlesarefilteredtoallow
theliquidtopassthrougha
filterorastrainer

24. Separating Mixtures
Decantation
-processofpouringoffa
liquidleavingthesolid
materials

25. Separating Mixtures
Simple
Distillation
-themixtureis
boiledcausingthe
vaporsoftwoliquids
toboilatdifferent
temperatures

26. Separating Mixtures
Fractional
Distillation
-usedtoseparate
liquidswithcloser
boilingpoints
-processhastobe
repeated several
times

27. Separating Mixtures
Magnetic
Separation
-separationof
elementalmetals
frommixturesby
usingamagnet

28. Separating Mixtures
Centrifugation
-mixture is
pouredintoaspecial
tubeinthecentrifuge
apparatus,thenitis
allowedtospinusing
centrifugalforce

29. Separating Mixtures
Flotation
-process of
agitatingamixture
bybubblingairinto
ittoallowthesmall
particlestofloat

30. Separating Mixtures
Sublimation
-process of
changingsolidto
thegaseousstate
without passing
throughtheliquid
state.

31. Separating Mixtures
Chromatography
-usedtoidentify
colorpigmentsor
dyespresentinfood
-Paper
chromatography

32. Properties of Matter
How it looks?
How it feels?
How it smells?
How it sounds?
What it does?

33. Properties of Matter
Physical Chemical
Intrinsic Extrinsic

34. Properties of Matter
PhysicalProperty(Intrinsic)
-donotdependonthe
amount(quality)

35. Properties of Matter
PhysicalProperty(Extrinsic)
-dependontheamount
(quantity)

36. Properties of Matter
ExtensiveProperty Example:
Mass Amassof37.9NaCldissolvesin
100mLofwater.
Length Thelengthofcellphoneis10cm.
Volume Abottlecontains300mLof
water.

37. Properties of Matter
IntensiveProperty Example:
Color Theguavaisgreen.
Hardness Diamondislustrousandhard.
MalleabilityCopperishammeredintothin
sheets.
Ductility Copperisdrawnintothinwires

38. Properties of Matter
ClassifythefollowingasExtensiveor
Intensive:
1.Meltingpoint 6.Density
2.Length 7.Concentration
3.Odor 8.Mass
4.Taste 9.Shape
5.Hardness 10.Solubility

39. Properties of Matter
ChemicalProperties
-oftenhidden
-canbeobservedoridentified
whenasubstanceundergoesa
reaction

41. States of Matter

43. States of Matters
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Bose-EinsteinCondensate(BEC)

44. States of Matters
Solids
-havetheirown
shape
-haveweight
-takeupspace

45. States of Matters
Solids
-itsparticlesare
packedtightlytogether
-haveverylittleenergy

46. States of Matters
Liquids
-taketheshape
oftheircontainer
-haveweight
-takeupspace

47. States of Matters
Liquids
-itsparticles
arelooselypacked
-havemedium
energylevel

49. States of Matters
PhysicalPropertiesofLiquids
-BoilingPoint
-FreezingPoint
-Viscosity
-SurfaceTension
-CapillaryAction
-Miscibility
-Osmosis

50. States of Matters
BoilingPoint
-temperatureat
whichmolecules
escapefromthe
liquidandenter
thegaseousstate

51. States of Matters
FreezingPoint
-is the
temperatureatwhich
theliquidformofthe
substancebecomes
solid

52. States of Matters
Viscosity
-measure of
howmuch a
liquidresistsflow

53. States of Matters
SurfaceTension
-resultsfromthe
intermolecular
forcesofattraction
inaliquid

54. States of Matters
CapillaryAction
-occurswhenthe
attractionofaliquid’s
moleculeforthemselves
differsfrom their
attractionforasolidthat
theliquidcontacts

55. States of Matters
Miscibility
-measureofhoweasily
differentliquidswilldissolvewhen
mixedtogether

56. States of Matters
Osmosis
-whenmoleculesoftheinitial
liquidpassesthroughamembrane
butmoleculesofthesubstancedo
not

57. States of Matters
Gas

58. States of Matters
Gases
-spreadoutto
filltheentirespace
given
-haveweight
-takespace

59. States of Matters
Gases
-itsparticles
movefreely
-haveless
energy

60. States of Matters
Plasma

61. States of Matters
Plasma
-thisstateof
matterexistatvery
hightemperature
-IonizedGas

62. States of Matters
Plasma
-it’slikeagas
butitsparticlesare
electricallycharged
-haveextremely
highenergylevels

63. States of Matters
Bose-EinsteinCondensate
-thisstateofmatterexistat
verylowtemperature

65. Energydeterminesthestate!
SOLIDS
LIQUIDS
GASES
PLASMAS
+ENERGY
+ENERGY
+ENERGY

66. Add or Subtract Energy…
Whenenergyisadded,
particlesmovefaster!
Whenenergyistakenaway,
particlesmoveslower!

68. Changing States
Thereareseveraltermsfor
changingstates:
-StateChange
-PhaseChange
-PhysicalChange

69. Changes of Matter
Isthealterationintheform
orcompositionofmatter
Types:Physical,Chemical,
andNuclear

70. Physical Change
Changeinmatterthatdoes
not involvechemical
reaction

71. LIQUID
SOLID GAS

76. Chemical Change
Newmatterisformed
Burning,rusting,cooking

77. Nuclear Change
Fission(splittingofnucleus
ofanatom)
Fusion(combingnucleusto
formheavieratom)

79. Subatomic Particles

80. Subatomic Particles
NuclearAtom
-Atomsaremadeupof
subatomicparticlescalled
electrons,protons,and
neutrons

81. Subatomic Particles
NuclearAtom
-Aminutecentralbody
callednucleuscontainsthe
protonsandtheneutrons

82. Subatomic Particles
NuclearAtom
-Electronsarefoundin
space,likecloudaroundthe
nucleus

83. Subatomic Particles
Nucleus
-containsnearlyallofthe
massoftheatom,butit
occupiesonlyatinyfractionof
thespaceinsidetheatom

84. Subatomic Particles

85. Subatomic Particles
Protons
-arepositivelycharged
particlesinthenucleus
-werediscoveredbyErnest
Rutherfordin1919

86. Subatomic Particles
Neutron
-neutralparticlesinthe
nucleus
-werediscoveredin1932by
BritishJamesChadwick

87. Subatomic Particles
Electrons
-negativelychargedparticles
thatformcloudaroundthe
nucleusofanatom
-discoveredbyJosephJohn
Thomson

88. Subatomic Particles
ParticleSymbolChargeLocation Mass (g)
Electrone
-
-1 Outside
the
nucleus
9.109x10
-28
Protonp+1Inside the
nucleus
1.673x10
-24
Neutronn 0Insidethe
nucleus
1.675x10
-24

89. Subatomic Particles
AtomicNumber(Z)
-thenumberofprotoninan
atom
-eachelementhasitsown
atomicnumber

90. Subatomic Particles
AtomicMass(A)
-thetotalnumberofprotons
andneutronsinthenucleusof
anatom
-concentratedonitsnucleus

91. Subatomic Particles
A
Z

92. Subatomic Particles

93. Subatomic Particles
Symbol Z A ProtonElectronNeutron
C 6 12
Be 9 4
Na 11 12

94. Thank you!