Science Technology and Society (History)

Lesson 1: Evolution Theory

1. LESSON 1: INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION THAT DEFINED SOCIETY LESSON 1 INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION THAT DEFINED SOCIETY

2. Learning objectives: Discuss how the ideas postulated by Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud contributed to the spark of scientific revolution. Articulate ways by which society is transformed by science and technology Enumerate scientific and technological advancement made by people and some civilization of the seventeenth century.

3. How can Science be defined ❓

4. Science as an idea Science as an intellectual activity Science as a body of knowledge Science as a personal and social activity

5. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Series Of events that marked the emergence Of modern science during the early period, when development of mathematics, physic, astronomy, biology and chemistry transformed the view of society about nature.

6. SOME INTELLECTUALS AND THEIR REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS

7. Nicolaus Copernicus He is considered as one of the Renaissance men, particularly in the field of science He is consider as thought of experiment Copernicus had been appointed as canon at Frombork Cathedral in Poland. Copernicus’s idea and model of the universe was essentially complete in 1510. The publication of his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres) in 1543 is often cited as the start of the scientific revolution. COPERNICAN REVOLUTION

8. Copernicus outlined two kinds of planetary motion The orbits of Venus and Mercury lay inside the orbit of the Earth, thus, closer to the sun. The orbits of Mars, Saturn, and Jupiter lay outside the Earth’s orbit, thus, farther from the Sun. Heliocentric Helios-sun Centric-Center

9. Geocentric and Heliocentric theory

10. DARWINIAN REVOLUTION Is a biologist who was famously known for his works on evolution and the process of natural selection. He studied Divinity in Cambridge where he met Adam Sedgwick and the naturalist John Henslow
Darwin published his book The Origin of Species in 1589 His book The Descent of Man was so impressive yet very controversial. Charles Robert Darwin

11. Darwin made Observations on diversity of organisms, fossils, comparison to south American organisms, comparison among the organisms in the Galapagos Islands and adaptation enabling him to develop his theory of evolution by natural selection.

12. Natural Evolution Overproduction and variation - some species produce many offspring but not all of these young will survive. It means that not all of the offspring do not have the characteristics to survive in the environment. Competition and selection – competition may not or may be direct but the idea is always on the survival of organism. Environmental change – the environment will not adjust for the organism but rather it is always the organism that will change to adapt to the environment .

13. Human evolution

14. Sigmund Freud He is a famous figure in the field of psychology. He studied the inner human life which is called psychoanalysis His method of psychoanalysis was proven to be effective in understanding some neurological conditions that were not understood by medicine at that time Freudian Revolution

15. Freud’s Topographical Model of the Mind According to Freud mind is divided into three regions.These are the: Conscious mind- consistent of thoughts that focus on the present state of the mind. Preconscious- consists of what can be retrieved from the memory. Subconscious – consists of primitive desires, wishes or impulse which is mediated by the preconscious mind.

16. Freud Structural Model of Mind Ego - drives a socially acceptable way to satisfy the demands of id as it operates the conscious and unconscious mind Id- comprises Eros, the life or survival instinct of man and Thanatos the death of destructive instinct of man. SuperEgo- operates based on the principles of morality that drives an to become socially responsible and behave in and acceptable manner.

17. Mesoamerican Period (1200 B.C.-3 rd Century A.D.) The term Mesoamerica comes from the Greek word memos meaning “in the middle.” This period is characterized by the following:

18. Olmecs (1500 B.C.- 400 B.C) Normal people lived in farming villages around the elites Carved colossal heads from volcano rocks as portraits of rulers Invented calendar and carved hieroglyphics writing into stone. The mother culture of Mesoamerica.

19. Mayans (300 B.C.-900 A.D.) Organized into city-state without political unity but bounded economically Developed numbering system including place value and the concept of zero. Developed hieroglyphic form of writing that were used for recording astronomical observation, rituals and religions matter but was burnt during the invasion of Spanish conqueror. Developed a solar calendar with 365 and ritual calendar with 260 days.

20. Aztecs (12 th -15 th Century) Built of chinampas or “floating gradens” to plant crop Built empire which has a ruler with his council consisting of nobles, priest, and military leaders. Developed a calendar with 365 days and ritual calendar with 260 days. Believe that illness is a punishment from the gods but still uses herbs and medicine for treatment

21. Middle East (17 th Century) Middle East is a term used to describe a geographic location that extends from Egypt to Afghanistan where Islam arose. Islam however, is a religion of right action ,rules and laws that began in the 7 th century and follows the teaching of Muhammad who was believed by Muslims as the massager of God.

22. Contributions to Geography Salat prayers requires knowledge in geography to know the direction of the Qublah, i.e.,the direction that should be faced when Muslims pray In 1166,Al Idrisi produced very accurate maps including a world map that has continent, mountain, rivers and famous cities. Al- Muqdishi,a geographer,also produced an accurate colored map. Muslims are great navigators for the expedition of other countries. Ferdinand Magellan and Christopher Columbus imported Muslim navigators.

23. Contributions to Mathematics Muslim invented symbols to express an unknown quantity. Made of zero and decimal system Muhammad ibn Mūsaū al- khwārizmī (early 9 th century), one of the first directors of the house of Wisdom, introduced algebra in solving equations

24. Medical contributions Arabs used cedaver in studying and understanding human anatomy and physiology. Abū-Alī al- Husayn ibn- Abdallāh Ibn- Sīnā or Avicenna (CA.970-1037) wrote an encyclopedia of medical knowledge.the work was translated into Latin and was used as textbook in Europe up to seventeenth century. Ab7 Bark Muhammad IBN Zakariyyā al- Rāzī (864-925 CE) spread headed the construction of the first Islamic Bimaristans (hospital)

25. Go beyond your limit and conquer the negativity In your minds. GROUP 1 Rose Ann B. Acuin
Gabriel Laguilles
Andrea Carmel Pacheco
Jamie Imperial Sayo

26. Direction: Choose the best answer from the given question below.

27. Identification: