Science Technology and Society PowerPoint Presentation

Science Technology and Society

1. SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY PRELIMINARY PERIOD

2. LESSON 1 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THROUGOUT HISTORY

3. What is science? This is a systematized body of knowledge based on the keen observation and experimentation.

4. Scientific revolution Science as idea Ideas, theories and available systematic explanations and observation about the natural and physical world Science as intellectual activity It encompasses systematic and practical study of the natural and physical world. Science as body of knowledge Subject or discipline, a field of study, or a body of knowledge that deals with the process of learning about the natural and physical world. Science as personal an social activity Both knowledge and activities done by human beings to develop better understanding of the world.

5. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS SCIENCE IDEAS HUMANS SOCIETY

6. CREATIVITY CURIOSITY CRITICAL THINKING SCIENTISTS Passion to know Passion to discover SCIENCE IDEAS SCIENCE DISCOVERIES TECHNOLOGY

7. SCIENTIFIC METHOD

8. SCIENTIFIC METHOD Observation Determine the problem Formulate hypothesis Testing the hypothesis Conduct experiment Gather and analyze the result Formulate conclusion Provide recommendation

9. 3- main branches of science Physical science Earth science Life science

10. Branches of physical science Thermodynamics Astrophysics Biophysics Geophysics Optics Biochemistry Neuroscience Anatomy

11. Branches of physical science Inorganic chemistry Analytical chemistry Atomic physics

12. Branches of earth science Geology Oceanography Meteorology Astronomy Environmental science Geography Geophysics paleontology

13. Branches of earth science Hydrology Ecology Geochemistry Geomorphology Physical geography Mineralogy Climatology hydrogeology

14. Branches of earth science Seismology Astrobiology Volcanology petrology

15. Branches of life sciences Biochemistry Microbiology Botany Ecology Zoology Molecular biology Physiology Marine biology

16. Branches of life sciences Anatomy Genetics

17. CRADLES OF SCIENCE

18. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENEC IN MESOAMERICA Mayan civilization Advance astronomy Crops growing Sophisticated waterway system Calendar system (Haab, Tzolk’in and the round calendar)

19. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN MESOAMERICA Inca civilization Roads paved with stones Irrigation system 12 month calendar system First suspension bridge Quipu , system of knotted ropes to keep records Textile

20. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN MESOAMERICA Aztec civilization Mandatory education Chocolates Antispasmodic medication Chinampa Aztec calendar Invention of the canoe

21. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA India Manufacturing iron and in metallurgical works Iron steel used in Roman Empire Medicine (Ayurvedic) Surgical and medical procedures ( Susruta Samshita ) Astronomy (360 days in a year with 12 equal parts of 3- days each year. Astronomical events and measure ( Siddhanta Shiromani) Mathematics (Mohenjo-Daro ruler) Trigonometry

22. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA China Medicine (herbals medicine and acupuncture) Tools (compass, papermaking, gunpowder and printing tools) Art Astronomy (Lunar calendar system)

23. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA Middle East Mathematics (algebra, Muhammad ibn Musa al- Kwarizmi ) Father chemistry (Jabir ibn Hayyan ) Book of Healing and the Canon of Medicine (Ibn Sina ) Clinical pharmacology

24. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN AFRICA Ancient Egyptian civilization and Africa Astronomy (solar, lunar and stellar calendar) Mathematics (geometry) Medicine Center for Alchemy Lebombo bone (mathematical artifact)

25. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND NATION-BUILDING

26. Pre-Spanish Philippines (folk science) Scientific knowledge is observed in the way the plant their crops that provide food. Taking care of animals Preparation of the soil for agricultural purposes Metal Age (jewelries)

27. Spanish colonials Galleon trade Schooling was introduced Engineering, arts, music and literature

28. American Era Medicine (research on contangos diseases) Improvement of school system Improvement of infrastructures

29. FAMOUS FOREIGN SCIENTISTS NICOLAUS COPERNICUS- model of solar system CHARLES DARWIN- theory of evolution ( origin of species1589 ) SIGMUND FREUD- Psychology ( psychoanalysis )

30. FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE

31. RAMON CABANOS BARBA Famous for his outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine mangoes

32. JOSEFINO CACAS COMISO Famous for his works on observing the characteristics of Antartica by using satellite images

33. JOSE BEJAR CRUZ JR. Known internationally in the field of electrical engineering; was elected as officer of the famous institute of electrical and electronic engineering.

34. LOURDES JANSUY CRUZ Notable for her research on sea snail venom.

35. FABIAN MILLAR DAYRIT Famous for his research on herbal medicine.

36. RAFAEL DINEROS GUERRERO III Famous for his research on tilapia culture.

37. ENRIQUE MAPUA OSTREA JR. Famous for inventing meconium drugs testing

38. LILIAN FORMALEJO PATENA Famous for doing research on plant biotechnology.

39. MARI-JO PANGANIBAN RUIZ Famous for being an outstanding educator and graph theorist.

40. GREGORY LIGOT TANGONAN Famous for his research in the field of communications technology.

41. CAESAR A. SALOMA Internationally renowned physicist.

42. EDGARDO GOMEZ Famous scientist in marine sciences.

43. WILLIAM PADOLINA Chemistry and president of National Academy of Science and Technology- Philippines (previous)

44. ANGEL ALCALA Famous for marine sciences. was a Filipino biologist who was named a National Scientist of the Philippines in 2014. Alcala is known for his fieldwork to build sanctuaries and to promote biodiversity in the aquatic ecosystems of the Philippines.

45. Q2P

46. Define the following terms according to your own understanding Interaction Science Technology Society Environment

47. LESSON 2 INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION THAT DEFINED SOCIETY

48. NICOLAUS COPERNICUS He proposed that the sun is stationary and is the center of the universe and Earth revolved around it. Heliocentric model of universe is that the distance of the planet from the sun bare a direct relationship to the size of their orbits. He is also called as “ initiator of the Scientific Revolution .”

49. Benefits derived from Copernicus concept Financial benefits, opportunities for sustainable growth and job creation in Europe. EU Copernicus Program. The program is expected to generate new employment and business opportunities throughout Europe. Copernicus concept of the universe has also brought importance to economic development. Copernicus concept has importance in European research. Copernicus concept ensures long term data availability for business development.

50. Charles Darwin The origin of species and Descent of Man. He held that man descended from apes. He presented that natural species have change or evolved over a long time. Natural selection process – the species which are not fit for survival or not better adapted to environmental conditions die or are eliminated.

51. Darwin’s ideas on good aspects of moder day society In biological science, it sheds light on fossils and vice versa. In psychology, evolution makes sense. Literature, technology, music, religion and others also make use of the theory of evolution as this is pervasive in our society. In application to cutting edge technology, the so-called “ecological niche modeling’ determines the likelihood of an organism surviving in a particular ecosystem.

52. SIGMUND FREUD Born on May6, 1856 was an Austrian physician who emphasized the role of psychoanalysis in dealing with personality. Three level of mind. Freud believed that human personalities are a result of three conflicting personalities.

53. Three level of mind Conscious mind (lowest level) Consist of thoughts, desires, and wishers. Pre-conscious mind consist of experiences that we are not aware of but are made conscious by simply focusing on them. Unconscious mind (highest level) Contained repressed urges, thoughts, memories, and wishes which are disturbing and threatening.

54. Three structures of personality ID animalistic nature of man pleasure-seeking structure sexual urge EGO Human nature of man Acts according to laws and morals It is bound by limits of reality It controls the ID and mediator between ID and SUPEREGO SUPER EGO It strives for perfection It is always to be good and honorable

55. Psychosexual stages of development STAGE FOCUS Oral (0-1year) Pleasure centers on the mouth – sucking biting, chewing. Anal (1-3 years) Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control. Phallic (4-6 years) Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings. Latency (7-12 years) Dormant sexual feelings. Identification process – gender identity Genital (13+ years) Maturation of sexual interest

56. LESSON 3 PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACHES TO SCIENCE

57. INDUCTIVE REASONING DEDUCTIVE REASONING Observation Theory Pattern Hypothesis Hypothesis Observation Theory Confirmation

58. VERIFICATION THEORY A.J AYER IDEA PROPOSES THAT A DISCIPLINE IS SCIENCE IF IT CAN BE CONFIRMED OR INTERPRETED IN THE EVENT OF AN ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS BEING ACCEPTED. OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS

59. FALSIFICATION THEORY KARL POPPER AS LONG AS THE IDEOLOGY IS NOT PROVEN TO BE FALSE AND CAN BEST EXPLAIN A PHENOMENON OVER ALTERNATIVE THEORIES, WE SHOULD ACCEPT THE THEORIES. IT SUGGESTS THAT FOR A THEORY TO BE CONSIDERED SCIENTIFIC, IT MUST BE ABLE TO BE TESTED AND CONCEIVABLY PROVEN FALSE.

60. BACON’S INDUCTIVE APPOACH FRANCIS BACON SCIENTIFIC METHOD INFERENCE OF GENERAL LAWS OF PRINCIPLES FROM A PARTICULAR INTACES OBSERVED UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS. (EXPERIMENTATION)

61. DESCARTE DEDUCTIVE APPROACH RENE DECARTES (RATIONALISM) DEVELOPING A HYPOTHESIS BASED ON EXISTING THEORY AND THEN DESIGNING A RESEARCH STRATEGY TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS. RATIONALISM- THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT WAYS TO WHICH OUR CONCEPT OF KNOWLEDGE IS GAINED INDEPENDENTLY OF SENSE EXPERIENCE.

62. GALLILEO’S APPROACH GALLILEO GALILEI EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION AND MATHEMATICAL MEASUREMENTS.

63. NEWTON’S APPROACH ISAAC NEWTON . HYPOTHETIC-DEDUCTIVE SCHEME THIS IS CYCLIC PATTERN OF REASONIING AND OBSERVATION USED TO GENERATE AND TEST PROPOSED EXPLANATION (i.e., hypotheses and/or theories) OF PUZZLING OBSERVATIONS IN NATURE

64. EMPIRICISM JOHN LOCKED THE IDEA THAT ALL LEARNING COMES FROM ONLY EXPERIENCE AND OBSERVATIONS.

65. END OF THE PRELIMINARY TOPICS