Scope of chronobiology

sher khan

1. Scope of Chronobiology Presented by:- SHER KHAN M.Sc. II Sem. Deptt. Of Zoology Shia P.G. College , Lucknow

2. Introduction Rhythmicity is a wonderful phenomenon of nature. Day night seasonal cycle, moon cycle, tidal cycle etc are example of rhythm of nature. Rhythmicity in behavioural activities of organism are known as biological rhythmicity or biorhythms. Chronos = time Bios = Life Logos = To study “Study of life with respect to time is called Chronobiology”

3. The most important rhythm in chronobiology is the circadian rhythm a roughly 24 hours. Circadian shown by physiological process in all these organisms. Circadian comes from the Latin; circa= around and dies; day= approximately a day. It is regulated by circadian clock. The circadian rhythms can further be broken down into routine cycles during the 24 hours day. Diurnal :- Active day time Nocturnal:- Active in night time Crespercular :- Active during dawn and dusk

4. History de Mairan described circadian rhythms of plants in the 18 th Century . Franz Halberg coined the term Circadian in the 20 th century. (Circa- about or approximately; dian- day or about 24 hour). Considered as one of the founders of Modern Chronobiology.

5. Biological rhythms Circadian :- Lasting about 24 hours. - Sleep wake cycles Infradian :- Cycles longer than 24 hours. - Menstrual cycle Ultradian :- Cycles shorter than a day. - Neuronal firing time Seasonal :- Seasonal effective disorders.

6. Scope of Chronobiology In medicine three disciplines take into account the influence of time : CHRONOPHYSIOLOGY 2. CHRONOPATHOLOGY 3. CHRONOPHARMACOLOGY

7. 1. CHRONOPHYSIOLOGY Chronophysiology is a segment in chronobiology that studies the timely organization of physiological processes. The human body is subject to 24 hours rhythms. Indicate such as light, darkness and temperatures influence our biological rhythm which is already set deep with in our genes. Hormones, neurotransmitters, sugar molecules that are consumed and antibodies with in the blood cells show variously alternating concentrations in the throughout the day. The time change for e.g. Jet lag, including problems sleeping and concentrating, or even depression.

8. 2. CHRONOPATHOLOGY Chronopathology deals with the subject of disrupted timing in the vital biological processes. It described different phenomena in the abnormality of chronobiology sequences, as well as it characteristics, causes , prognostic and diagnostic significance and therapeutic im p lications.

9. 3. CHRONOPHARMACOLOGY Chronopharmacology is the study of now the effects of drugs vary with biological timing and endogenous periodicity. Dosing time dependent changes also include qualification of parameters characterising endogenous circadian rhythm, in terns of pharmacologic effects

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