scope of Pharmacognosy

it will give you a brief description about the scope of pharmacognosy

1. SCOPE OF PHARMACOGNOSY PREPARED BY : SAMAWIA IQBAL ( pharm . D )

2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION Pharmacognosy is the branch of pharmacology that studies drugs in their crude and/or natural states. In general, when we describe pharmacognosy, we are usually referring to plant based medicinal systems. However, it is important to note that medicinal preparations may also be derived from animal sources as well as from fungi and microorganisms.

3. MAIN OBJECTIVE Thus its main objective is to acquire knowledge of natural drugs from every point of view. But it is not entirely limited to the study of crude drugs alone. It also includes a study of their chemical constituents, which are the active principles of the drugs .

4. CONT.. Pharmacognosy occupies an important place in pharmacy as it deals with the collection , identification , preparation and extraction of a large group of drugs obtained from natural sources , which are used both in orthodox and traditional medicine

5. WHAT IS THE SCOPE T he pharmacognosy has played a important role in the development of various departments of the science. pharmacognosy gives a sound knowledge of the vegetable drugs under botany and animal drugs under zoology. It has wide scope in the given areas .

6. ACTION OF DRUGS The knowledge of the action of drugs can be utilized successfully when the identity , physical nature and chemical constituents of the drug are well known , and pharmacognosy supplies this information. Solubility Reactivity

7. CONT… Stability Toxicity Dosage , availability And isolation , purification natural origin Everything is studied in pharmacognosy

8. DRUG FORMULATION Formulation and actual preparation of a pharmaceutical product ( pharmaceutics ) are dependent on a number of properties , such as solubility , stability , reactivity etc. of ingredients . This type of information on substances of natural origin is available to the pharmacist if he possesses a good knowledge of pharmacognosy

9. PRICE OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS Price of pharmaceutical products containing natural substances is influenced by the methods of collection , drying , curing , and assaying of the ingredients , which are dealt with in pharmacognosy .

10. ISOLATION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS ALKALOIDS : alkaloids are obtained from the plants of Belladonna , Hyocyamus , Raulwlofia . GLYCOSIDES : glycosides are obtained from the digitalis leaves MORPHINE : morphine and other alkaloids from opium plant .

11. STRUCTURAL ACTIVITY RELATION SHIP Tubocurarine and Toxiferine from curare plant have muscle relaxant properties because of quaternary ammonium groups . The hypotensive and tranquilizing action of reserpine are due to the trimethoxy benzoic acid .

12. DRUGS OBTAINED BY PARTIAL SYNTESIS Pharmacognosy plays important role in the synthesis of new drugs by the natural products. For example , Preparation of steroid hormones from diogenin by acetolysis and oxidation and further preparation of cortisone by microbial reaction .

13. NATURAL PROUCTS AS A MODEL Natural products are used as a model for the synthesis of new drugs ; MORPHINE : it is a model of a large group of potent drugs . COCAINE : it is a model for local anesthesia . ATROPINE : is a model for certain spasmolytics .

14. DRUGS OF THERAPEUTIC USES It has a wide scope for the main element in providing us with the information about the dugs of main therapeutic uses such as alkaloids , steroids , antibiotics etc. And helps in the cultivation and collection of many medicinal plants. Helps in preparation of herbal formulation

15. BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS Biosynthetic pathways are of primary and secondary metabolites. Some of the important pathways are Calvin's cycle of photosynthesis. Shikimic acid pathway of aromatic compounds

16. CONCLUSION I n short pharmacognosy is an important link between pharmaceuticals and basic science as well as ayurvedic and allopathic system of medicines. So pharmacognosy is a science of active principles of crude drugs and which can be help in dispensing, formulating, manufacturing of dosage forms.

17. CONT.. I n other way the complete knowledge of pharmacognosy will help in the recent trend that is in industries , as a research tools and in new drug delivery systems, and all the departments of pharmaceuticals and one can improve the healthcare facilities across the world.