Scramjet engine

information about scramjet engine and it's future scope.

1. SCRAMJET ENGINE NAME- SHUBHAM GUPTA ROLL NO- 54 (ME) 3 RD SEM

2. Rockets combine a liquid fuel with liquid oxygen to create thrust. If the need for liquid oxygen is taken away, spacecraft can be smaller or carry more payloads. This is the concept behind a different propulsion system called “scramjet” or “super sonic combustion ramjet”.

3. A Scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet) is a variant of a ramjet air breathing combustion jet engine in which the combustion process takes place in supersonic airflow. As in ramjets, a scramjet relies on high vehicle speed to forcefully compress and decelerates the incoming air before combustion (hence ramjet), but whereas a ramjet decelerates the air to subsonic throughout the entire engine.

4. The theoretical projections place top speed of scram between M ach 12 and M ach 24, which is near orbital velocity. The fastest air-breathing plane is a SCRAMJET design, the NASA X-43a which reached Mach 9.6 or 12,144 km/h, on 16 Nov 2004.

5. The Scramjet is composed of three basic components: A CONVERGING INLET , where incoming air is compressed and decelerates. A COMBUSTER , where gaseous fuel is burned with atmospheric oxygen to produce heat. A DIVERGING NOZZLE , where the heated air is accelerated to produce thrust.

6. Scramjets also works on the principle of ramjets. Basically in order to achieve the initial speed, a second engine is integrated in the scramjet model, it may be rocket or turbojet engine . Air from the atmosphere enters at very high speed in the inlet passage .

7. Hence, the air from the atmosphere enters in the inlet section having very high velocity is reduced in diffuser section; thereby its static pressure increases. Temperature of air increases when passing through the narrow cross section towards combustion chamber. Hot air flows in the combustion chamber and at this moment the propellant i.e. hydrogen (having a very low ignition temperature) are injected by the injector in the combustor.

8. Where it gets self ignited within a millisecond and the combustion process is carried out at the supersonic speed. The fresh air supply to the diffuser builds up a pressure at the diffuser so that these burned gases cannot expand towards the diffuser. Instead, the gases are made expand in combustor towards tail engine hence providing the required thrust.

9. Does not have to carry oxygen tank. No rotating parts makes it easier to manufacture. Less weight and simple design. As the hydrogen is used as a propellant and combustion is carried out at supersonic velocity with the help of oxygen from the atmosphere. As a result of that, steam (H 2 O) is being exhaust gas which is eco-friendly in nature.

10. A Scramjet cannot produce efficient thrust unless boosted to high speed, around Mach 5. As a result an additional propulsion systems are required. Lack of stealth. Testing difficulties.

11. CIVIL APPLICATIONS:- Scramjet speed could reach 15 times the speed of sound . An aircraft using this type of jet engine could dramatically reduce the time it takes to travel from one place to another, potentially putting any place on earth within a 90 minutes flight, i.e. an 18 hour trip to Tokyo from New York City becomes a 2 hour flight.

12. TUPOLEV TU-144 (CHARGER) “ Tupolev tu-144 (charger)” was t he 1 st commercial supersonic Aircraft. Introduction- 26 Dec 1975 Highest speed- 2430 km/ hr Retired- 1 Jun 1978

13. CONCORDE “CONCORDE” one of the successful supersonic airliner by British airways & Air france . Introduction- 21 Jan 1976 Highest speed- 2179 km/hr Retired- 26 Nov 2003 After a crash on 25 th Jul 2000 & Less passenger capability & high Cost it was retired.

14. SCRAMJET AIRBUS The future by “Scramjet Airbus”. Concept about aviation In 2050 . An ‘Invisible’ airbus would give passengers of floating in the sky & a 360” view of surrounding with a supersonic speed.

15. MILITARY APPLICATION:- Scramjet can be used to propel missiles. Currently used scramjet propelled missiles are:- British bloodhound surface to air missile. British MBDA Meteor air to air missile. Russian Indian Brahmos Supersonic cruise missile.

16. British bloodhound missile British MBDA Meteor missile Russian Indian Brahmos Supersonic cruise missile

17. X-43B A scaled-up version of the X-43A, to be powered by the ISTAR engine. ISTAR will use a hydrocarbon-based liquid-rocket mode for initial boost, a ramjet mode for speeds above Mach 2.5, and a scramjet mode for speeds above Mach 5 to take it to maximum speeds of at least Mach 7.

18. X- 51A The B oeing X- 51A ( WaveRider ) is the longest air-breathing hypersonic flight. On 1 May 2013, the X-51 Performed its first fully s uccessfully flight test on its fourth test flight. Aircraft flew for 210 sec at Mach 5.1 (5400 km/ hr )

19. NASA and industry partners have designed concepts for the Next- generation supersonic Transport (SST) planned for d eployment by 2030. A passenger jet that would fly 300 passengers at more Than 2,400 km/hr.

20. Scramjet programme is a fast developing field in the present world. There are many application with scramjet. It provides a cheaper and efficient access to space. Scramjet has the potential for supersonic or hypersonic transportation. Scramjet technologies are also used for advanced military applications.

21. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/scramjet www.scramjet.com www.nasa.com www.aerospaceweb.org Aircraft and missile propulsion- M J ZUCROW, JOHN WILLY Hypersonic Air breathing propulsion- WH HEISER, DT PRATT

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