SE-UNIT-3-II-Software metrics, numerical and their solutions.pdf

Software metrics

1. Software Engineering (KCS-601)
Unit-3 (Second Part): Software Metrics
Dr. Radhey Shyam
Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
SRMCEM Lucknow
(Aliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow)
Unit-3 (Second part) have been compiled/prepared by Dr. Radhey Shyam, with grateful acknowledgment
who made their course contents freely available or (Contributed directly or indirectly). Feel free to use this
study material for your own academic purposes. For any query, the communication can be made through
this mail [email protected].
April 18, 2022

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Course Name: M. Tech HaltoA
Asae sei
C
A
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Semester: 2nd
Logk N, t N
Paper Name: Object OrientedSoftware
Engineering(MTCS-203B) 7
Topic: Halstead's SoftwareScience.ocahulay7,f n
wlam N
Halstead's SoftwareScience
Halstead's SoftwareScience
Halstead's complexity measurement was developed to measurea programmodule'scomplexiny
directlyfrom sourcecode,with emphasis
on
computational complexity.
The Halstead's measuresare basedon four scalarnumberderiveddirectlyfrom a programs
source code:
n 1S numberof distinct operators.
n2 is numberofdistinct operands.
eurYantev
Ni is total number of/distinct operators.
N is totalnumberofdistinct operands
From thesenumbers,five measuresare derived:
Measure Symbol Formula
Program length
N N=NI +Na
Programvocabulary
N
n=nit n2
Volume V=N* (log2 n)
Difficulty
D
D (n1/2)*(N2/2)
Effort E E=D*V

4. iaistead'suses certain measures such as
programlength,programvocabulary, v
difficulty, and effort for the given algorithm. By this Halstead's is trying to show that une
programlengthcan be caleulated, volume of algorithm can be estimated. The above given table
showshowactuallythesemeasurecan be obtained.
The Halstead'smeasuresare applicableto operationalsystemand to developmentefortsonce
the code has been written.Thus usingHalstead's measurementexperimentalverificationcan be
performedin softwarescience.
Programlength:
The length of a programis total usage of operators and operandsin the program.
Length (N) = Ni +N2
Program vocabulary:
The Programvocabulary is the number of unique operators and operands used in the program.
Vocabulary(n)= ni t n2
Program Volume:
The ProgramVolumecan be definedas minimumnumberof bits neededto encode the program.
Volume(V) = N loga n
Length estimation:
N=ni log2 ni t n2 log2 n2
Guideline for caleulating operands and operators:
1. All the variables and constants are considered as operands.
2. Local variables with same name, if occurring in different functions are counted as unique
operand.
3. Function calls are considered as operators.

5. 4
The looping statements,
do... while,
while, for, are operators.
The
statements i,
i
else,
are operators.
The switch
... case
statements are
considered as operators.
5. The
reserveworlds,returns,default,
continue, break,
sizeofare all operators.
6. The brackets,
commas, semicolons,
are operators.
7. The unary
and binary operators
are
considered as operators.
The & is
considered
as
operator.
8. In arrays,
array
name andindex are
considered as operands
and[ ]
is
considered
as
operator.
9. All hash directives can be ignored.
10. Commentsare not considered.
11. In Goto statement, goto
is considered as operator and
label as operand.
Example:
ObtainHalstead's lengthand
volume
measurefor following
C function.
)
(Ctinatas hengtE
Void swap (int a[ ], int i)
uelwmeN n
int temp;
Fr Comptalia
Halsarel's
me
bistineFeporators
) {Fi
ne efperards; K 2 3
= -N=)
Temp ali
ail ali+1];:
afi+1]= temp;
legtiN)
=
N,tNa=lct
17
pLabulayln)= n,# n2 = 8t4=12
N= 10
We first find out the operands
and operators
from above function along
with their
occurrences.
Operands
Occurrences Operators
Occurrences
swap
5
void
temp
int
3

6. 4
3
2
N- 21
Na
CaledaliHalt Emd nplu ma lo
w
# GCD lopuldio
n geel (,1)
n2=9 N 16 n=5
N= Ni+N:
=
16 +21 =37
rtile(= t) N=37
n =nitn2
=
5 +9
=
14
d
-T-
n= 14
Estimated
length
=
n1 log ni + n2 log n2
=
5
iog 5 +9 log 9
3.11
= 5 *2.32 +9*2.19 =31.37
GrpeTands
eumemeasoralnd|aelunenEstimated
length
=
31.37
whde
VolumeN* log n
Y
M
37
*
log (14) d
de 381
elu 37*2.63= 97.64
3
Volume
(V)
=
97.64
3 33
13
2
n
n,+)
3t13 -I6
2 NI
=
14. Na
20
Estima longt
=
, t73
N=
N+ N,= l4+ 20
= 3
Rume z
34x 6)
34x 136
3 3+ 13up13
3(1.58S)+ 13(3-))
=S2

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nOS-T T . C

16. References
1. Software Engineering a Practitioner Approach, 3
rd
Edition, TMH, 2005.
2. Fundamantal of Software Engineering, 3
rd
Edition,PHI Publication, 2007.
3. Software Engineering for Practitioners,I
st
Edition, Oxford, 2012.
4. Software Engineering, 3
rd
Edition,Oxford, 2012.
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