Seamanship (Marlinespike)

seamanship sklll

1. SEAMANSHIP CH. 4 MARLINSPIKE SEAMANSHIP

2. MARLINSPIKE Again, the reference text for this chapter is CHAPMAN , PILOTING AND SEAMANSHIP, Marlinspike AUXSEA STUDENT STUDY GUIDE

3. 3 BASIC TYPES OF ROPE(LINE) Natural Synthetic Wire

4. NATURAL ROPE(Line) MANILA and COTTON About the only two kinds of natural rope(line) left. LINE: Name given to all ropes when put to use aboard a vessel. Two or three strands TWISTED clockwise to form one single strand .

5. NATURAL ROPE(LINE) MANILA Made from plant fibers. Most popular ADVANTAGES Readily available Inexpensive Very durable

6. MANILA DISADVANTAGES Manila deteriorates if stowed wet, damp or left in the bright sunlight. NOTE Manila has been virtually replaced by synthetic lines especially for running rigging

7. COTTON LINE ADVANTAGES Pliable Runs smoothly in blocks DISADVANTAGES ½ Strength of Manila Susceptible to rot Stretches, especially when wet

8. WORKING TOOL(S) FID and MARLINSPIKE A FID is the instrument or tool used to work on natural and synthetic lines and is usually made of WOOD, PLASTIC or ALUMINUM, SO AS NOT TO DAMAGE THE LINE while working it. MARLINSPIKE: In appearance, it may look almost like a FID but is made of STEEL for endurance.

9. MARLINSPIKE (FID)

10. SYNTHETIC ROPE ADVANTAGES Almost impervious to salt, air, water and anything else that could destroy natural line Tougher and stronger for their size than almost any other line material Last a long time Do a better job than any other kind of line

11. SYNTHETIC ROPE DISADVANTAGES It tends to “UNLAY” when cut. Must be whipped or “stopped” immediately. Open flame or Heating iron good for this.

12. 4 TYPES OF SYNTHETIC ROPES NYLON DACRON POLYPROPYLENE POLYETHYLENE

13. ADVANTAGES OF NYLON HIGHEST ELASTICITY CAN ABSORB 7 TIMES SHOCK LOAD OF MANILA USED EXTENSIVELY FOR TOWING AND MOORING HIGH RESISTANCE TO ROT HIGH ABRASIVE RESISTANCE

14. NYLON ADVANTAGES Cont’d Twice as strong as manila Can use nylon of smaller diameter in replacing manila lines Cheaper in the long run Extremely flexible No breaking in period

15. NYLON Disadvantage NOTE MAIN DISADVANTAGE When it reaches the end of it’s elongation , it will SNAP, like a rubber band, becoming extremely dangerous to anybody or thing in it’s path.

16. DACRON Has all the properties of Nylon BUT; is NOT as Elastic Fairly light in weight Mostly has replaced cotton lines on most vessels

17. POLYETHYLENE ADVANTAGES It floats. DISADVANTAGES Low abrasion resistance Not nearly as supple as other synthetics Knots need to be secured

18. POLYPROPYLENE Low abrasion resistance Again not very supple It FLOATS **Stronger when it is wet**

19. WIRE ROPE Generally confined to use on sailing vessels and larger boats. Many strands of wire are wound over an inner core of either wire or fabric such as cotton or a synthetic fabric. The core provides a source of lubrication(when oiled)(or graphite) to ease the friction of the wires and also provides some elasticity or give.

20. WIRE ROPE 5 GRADES RELATIVE TO STRENGTH IMPROVED PLOW STEEL PLOW STEEL MILD PLOW STEEL TRACTION STEEL IRON

21. WIRE ROPE Used where GREAT STRENGTH or HEAVY LOADING is needed, such as STANDING RIGGING and CABLE TOWING Extremely stiff Must use a MARLINSPIKE to work with it Difficult to work with

22. CARING FOR YOUR LINES Neglect can be very expensive. TAKE CARE OF YOUR LINES. DO NOT OVERLOAD : Generally, safe working strength is 1/5 the BREAKING strength. PROTECT AGAINST ABRASION: Always use chaffing gear. AVOID SUDDEN STRAINS ON THE LINE: KEEP YOUR LINES CLEAN: Sand, dirt and grit will grind away the material in a line. Wash them as needed.

23. LINE CARE (Cont’d) 6. STORE YOUR LINES PROPERLY : a. FAKING : YES. When appropriate b. COILING : YES. When appropriate c. FLEMISHING : YES. When appropriate d. CHORDING :NO. Bunched up and thrown into a rope locker! Even when you do it wrong, there is a proper name for it! DO NOT CHORD your lines! .

24. COILED-FLEMISHED-FAKED

25. LINE CARE Cont’d 7. Match your line to the use 8. Keep all chemicals away 9. Avoid excess wear 10. Avoid kinks 11. Don’t run lines over sharp edges

26. PARTS OF A LINE Working End Bitter End Standing Part Overhand Loop Underhand Loop

27. DIPPING THE EYE Used where more than one vessel’s mooring line is used on the same pile. DOCKING : Your EYE SPLICE up through the other eye splices – over the top and let settle around the piling. UNDOCKING : lift your eye splice up over the piling then pull through other eye splices from the bottom. YOU’RE ON YOUR WAY.

28. DIPPING THE EYE

29. SQUARE (REEF) KNOT Most common way to join two lines of EQUAL DIAMETER together, where no great load is anticipated. The square knot will JAM if heavily loaded, making it almost impossible to break it down without cutting it out. It may also be forced into two half hitches, under great strain.

30. SQUARE KNOT animation

31. BOWLINE Used to form a TEMPORARY LOOP in the end of a line. Won’t slip under a load Easy to tie and untie One of the MOST USEFUL knots we have today.

32. BOWLINE animation

33. HALF HITCH Used in conjunction with other knots. Round turn with two half hitches commonly used as a long term fastening to secure a line to a piling.

34. Round Turn

35. Round Turn animation

36. HALF HITCH animation

37. TWO HALF HITCHES USED TO TIE A LINE TO A RING, PILE, POST OR GROMMET EASY TO UNTIE UNDER TENSION MORE PERMANENT THAN A CLOVE HITCH

38. CLOVE HITCH Used to TEMPORARILY fasten a line to a piling or other attachment. MUST WATCH IT (so that it does not undo). When under a strain, it will not slip. When under a hard strain, it will set up tight and may be difficult to break down . On the other hand, if left slack, it may work itself loose.

39. CLOVE HITCH animation

40. TIMBER HITCH Very useful in towing logs or other similar objects. Fast and easy knot to tie and break down. If you use half hitches with this knot, tie them FIRST , then proceed with the timber hitch .

41. TIMBER HITCH animation

42. ROLLING HITCH A utility knot which can be tied around another line already under strain to maintain the strain. Can be be bent to a spar or other similar object. Used to form a bridle for towing.

43. ROLLING HITCH (UTILITY)

44. SHEET OR BECKET BEND Used to tie two lines of UNEQUAL DIAMETER together. Easy to break down after a heavy strain. DOUBLE BECKET: Simply an extra turn back under and through.

45. SHEET OR BECKET BEND animation

46. DOUBLE BECKET/SHEET BEND

47. SPLICING Preferred method of joining two lines together EYE SPLICE :To make a PERMANENT EYE at the end. LONG SPLICE : Does NOT increase diameter of the line. Good for use with blocks, sheeves. SHORT SPLICE: May increase lin Preferred method of joining two lines together e diameter and is not used to run through a block, etc.

48. MOORING DEVICES BITTS BOLLARDS CLEATS SAMPSON POSTS

49. BITTS Used to moor large vessels. Normally found on commercial piers.

50. BITTS animation

51. CRUCIFORM BOLLARD

52. CLEAT Found on boats and docks of all sizes. Used to secure lines of all sizes and uses

53. CLEAT animation

54. LARK’S HEAD

55. REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 1 The clove hitch is used to tie a line to a pile or bollard when_______ a. a permanent fastening is required b. when “dipping your line” is required c. securing hemp lines only d. a temporary fastening is desired

56. REVIEW QUESTIONS The clove hitch is used to tie a line to a pile or bollard when______ d. a temporary fastening is desired

57. REVIEW QUESTIONS NO.2 2. Which knot is most useful to temporarily join the ends of different diameter lines? The _________ a. Fisherman’s bend b. Square or Reef knot c. Sheet or Becket Bend d. Sheepshank

58. REVIEW QUESTIONS 2. Which knot is most useful to temporarily join the ends of different diameter lines? The___________ c. Sheet or Becket bend

59. REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 3 3. The preferred method of joining rope ends permanently is by use of a ___________ a. knot b. splice c. marlinspike d. turnbuckle

60. REVIEW QUESTIONS 3. The preferred method of joining line ends permanently is by use of a _________________ b. splice

61. REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 4 4. Which of the following types of line has the highest elasticity? a. Manila b. Dacron c. Cotton d. Nylon

62. REVIEW QUESTIONS 4. Which of the following types of line has the highest elasticity? d. Nylon

63. REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 5 5. The most popular and durable of natural fibers used in the manufacture of rope for marine applications is ______ a. flax b. sisal c. cotton d. manila hemp

64. REVIEW QUESTIONS 5. The most popular and durable of natural fibers used in the manufacture of rope for marine applications is ________ d. manila hemp

65. REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 6 6. The bowline is a knot which is relatively easy to tie and is ______ a. especially useful for forming a temporary loop in the end of a line. b. difficult to untie and tends to slip c. most useful for reefing sails d. never used to tie sheets to the clew of the jib sail

66. REVIEW QUESTIONS 6. The bowline is a knot which is relatively easy to tie and is ______ a. especially useful for forming a loop