Section A Exemplar Lesson for Geography lesson

Example lesson

1. Exemplar lesson at CCGS The following slides demonstrate a typical two-part lesson created by the Geography department at CCGS. The lesson is taught to students in: Year 8 Term 2 Our living World Lesson 7 – Coral reefs Lesson 8 – Coral reefs unde r threat This lesson is part of a Scheme of work whereby students are introduced to topical issues in our living world, including understanding food chains and food webs, mapping the location and describing characteristics of global b iomes and discovering the tropical rainforest, its threats and management. The focus on coral reefs generally takes place over two lessons, as seen in this PowerPoint, and this is an example of a typical lesson taught at CCGS. The PowerPoint is visually pleasing, has media links embedded and a number of tasks. Students are also provided with diagrams, or asked to sketch formation. In Year 7, students study a range of geographical topics centred on the UK, with Year 8 focusing on the wider world. We believe this allows students to develop their knowledge and geographical understanding on a range of scales.

2. Coral Reefs LO: To know what a coral reef is, where they are found and not only how useful they are, but how they can be exploited

3. Coral Reef is a hard rock substance, mostly made up of shells of sea organisms – Calcium Carbonate . Organisms called polyps occupy these structures and live and grow within them. What is a Coral Reef? They are incredibly biodiverse with an estimated 20-25% of the Earth’s marine life living on them! They have been nicknamed ‘ the rainforest of the sea ’ as they also absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.

4. Mandatory: (9:10 – 11:45) https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b09g4d98/blue-planet-ii-series-1-3-coral-reefs Optional: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=qZFTtgcr_mc&ab_channel=LatoyaCowans https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=u4Dp1Oq08s8&ab_channel=ReefBuddies How do they form? The polyps extract the CaCO 3 from the sea water and add this to the calcium carbonate structure, allowing it to grow. There are three types of coral reef. Any ideas what they are called?

5. Three types of reef Below are the three types of Reef and their names. Can you match them up? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8d0MgxoECq8&ab_channel=ClarendonLearning (2:50 – 4:18) Atoll Barrier Fringing Watch the video and then using both the information from the video, me and the text book (Page 185), write a brief description on how all three form. Try to include a named example for each.

6. Three types of reef These reefs form very close to the coastline in shallow water. There is a channel of shallow water between the reef and the coastline. They run parallel to the coastline. A good example would be the reefs in the Caribbean. These reefs were originally a fringing reef but rising sea levels have distanced the reefs from the coastline. There is now deeper water between the reef and the coastline. A good example would be Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. Possibly once again, a fringing reef around a Volcano. When that volcano collapsed, it left the ring of the old reef. At the centre is now a pool of deep water. A good example would be the reefs in the Maldives in the Indian Ocean.

7. Coral Reefs need 4 main conditions in order to form: Depth Clear Water Temperature Salinity What do Coral Reefs need? Use page 184 to write a sentence outlining why coral reefs need these conditions to survive. Do not just copy it out, write it in your own words .

8. What do Coral Reefs need? Depth: The algae that corals feed on need sunlight to photosynthesis and live, so corals can only live in areas which sunlight can reach which is very shallow. Clear Water: Clear water allows sunlight to reach the algae so it can grow and be food for the coral. Sediment can also settle on coral and trap them in, stopping them from feeding. Temperature: Corals need a temperature of 18°C or higher. Their optimum temperature is 23°C - 25°C. If it is too hot they will be bleached and they die. Salinity: Corals cannot live in fresh water so they require salty water (seas and oceans). This also means they do not live in estuaries.

9. Describe the distribution of where the World’s coral reefs are found. Remember to give the overall trend, outline any anomalies and give named examples of places; countries, continents and oceans. Where do we find them? Europe North America South America Africa Asia Australia Caribbean Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean

10. The World’s coral reefs are found between 30°N and 30°S of the Equator, except for some off the south west coast of Japan. Most of the coral reef is found in the Pacific Ocean around South East Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands. Other coral reefs are found in the Caribbean Sea and off the coast of Mexico and USA, and the Indian Ocean off the East coast of Africa and the south coast of India. Where do we find them?

11. Complete the following questions: Q1, Q2 and Q3. Questions – Page 185 B A

12. Can you think of any more important uses of coral reefs now? Write bullet points down in your book. Why are Coral Reefs important? Have a look at the images below and with the person next to you, discuss the importance of coral reefs. Watch the video below: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNqbSi_6KdA

13. Why are Coral Reefs important? 5 of the most important factors are below. Use page 186 to describe them! Food and Fishing: Coral Reefs feed up to 1 billion people (mostly in poorer countries) and are breeding grounds for the commercial fishing industry. Medicine: Chemicals found in coral reefs have been used to treat diseases and conditions such as Asthma, Cancer and Arthritis. Coastal Protection: Reefs act as natural barriers, protecting coastal communities from storms & tsunamis. Tourism: Millions of people visit coral reef areas each year, generating billions. This brings economic benefits to those host countries. Ecology / Biodiversity: Corals cover 1% of the ocean floor yet home 25% of the oceans wildlife. They also take in CO 2 and release O 2 .

14. Coral Reefs under threat! Coral reefs can be affected by both local and global problems. Local: Pollution from the land, overfishing and harmful fishing methods and over-tourism can be a danger to coral reefs. Global: Global warming can cause the ocean to warm up, which can lead to coral bleaching . Read through page 186 and make notes on how humans are threatening the existence of Coral Reefs. Try to group similar ones up together.

15. Coral Reefs under threat! Watch: https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b09g4d98/blue-planet-ii-series-1-3-coral-reefs (42:15 - Coral bleaching, leaves the corals colourless and starved of food, ultimately killing them. Sediment washed in from the land can ‘clog up’ coral reefs and smother the polyps. Chemicals may also pollute them and kill the reefs. Tourists may steal coral reef for themselves or to sell. Fisherman may leave nets and other materials behind which are harmful to the reefs. Overfishing can have disastrous impacts on the ecosystem.

16. Coral Reefs under threat! Task: You are part of the Australian Government in The Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. You are to write to the Prime Minister to encourage him to create protective laws about the Great Barrier Reef. You need to be convincing. Include the threats that face the coral reef but also the benefits that they bring – why is it worth protecting the?. Remember to structure your writing like a letter. Leave a space for a RAG Sticker. The Hon Scott Morrison MP Prime Minister Parliament House CANBERRA ACT 2600 Australia

17. Complete the following questions: Q5, and Q7. Questions – Page 187 G J