Section Working Drawing

Working Drawing (Section)

1. Section Drawings
Working Drawing
DR. MARWA ABOU HASSAN
DR. RASHAMOUSSA
DR. ABEER SAMI
Ms. WEAM ABDULKARIM
Collage of Architecture and Design
Architecture Department
Lecture 3

2. Lecture 3
Section Drawings
•Asectionisanorthographicprojectionofa
buildingasitwouldappearifcutthroughby
anintersectingverticalplane.Itisthepremier
drawingforstudyingandrevealingthevital
solid-voidrelationshipbetweenthefloors,
walls,androofstructureofabuilding,and
theverticaldimensionsandrelationshipsof
thecontainedspaces.
•Weoftenusesectiondrawingstodesignand
communicatethedetailsofabuilding’s
construction.
•Sectionaldrawingsaredrawninascaleof
1:50or1:100
Section

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Section Drawings
On a vertical picture plane, building sections are able to:
1.Specify the construction system and the materials used to construct the
building.
2.Specify the architecture details in the building.
3.Unveil the vertical dimension, levels, shape, and scale of interior spaces.
4.Reveal conditions of support, span, and enclosure, as well as the vertical
arrangement of spaces.
5.Give a vertical view of the building; and of the foundations, walls, floors,
roof and other parts.
6.Show the impact of window and door openings on the interior spaces
7.Show the vertical connections between the internal spaces, as well as
between the interior and exterior.
8.Calculate quantities and estimate the cost of business items that need to
be calculated to indicate height or thickness.
Importance of Section

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Section Drawings
▪It is recommended for the location of Cutting Plane to pass through:
-Stairs: to show vertical circulation.
-Openings:to show details in windows and doors.
-Important interior spaces: to show interior rooms content Info.
▪The number of sections required of a building will depend on its size
and complexity. Generally there will be at least two sections -one of these
will be a cross section, across the width of the building. The other will be a
longitudinal section, along the length of the building.
▪Sections are intended to help the builder construct the building, so the
exact position of the section should be chosen to show as much
construction as possible.
Recommended for the location of Section

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Section Drawings
Types of Sections
1. STRUCTURAL SECTION:
A structural section shows the entire building construction and also shows the
interior spaces in elevation.
a)BUILDING LONGUTIDNAL SECTION : takes on the long axis of the
building
b)BUILDING CROSS-SECTION: taken across its narrower dimension.

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Section Drawings
Types of Sections
2. WALL SECTION:
Shows the construction of a typical wall to a larger scale than the structural
section.

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Section Drawings
Types of Sections
3. DETAIL SECTION:
•Section views cut through a small segment of a building and
drawn with enlarged scale This are some of part are drawn in
detail drawing
A. Window and door section B. Stair section C. Structural detail
section
•Detail section drawing are drawn in a scale 1:20 or 1:25 package.

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
Architectural Sectionsare formed through a set of different projections that
combined together to form them, these projections are:
1.Walls (Section Walls)
2.Elevation Elements
3.Openings (Doors & Windows)
4.Stairs (Steps)
But in Working Drawing Section, We add additional information to the above
set so builders can easily construct the building, These information are:
1.Axis
2.The building vertical dimensions and heights (External and Internal)
3.Floor levels
4.The building structural systems, wall and roof systems
5.Major building finishes (Wall , Ceiling and Floor)
6.Some mechanical and electrical information

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
1) Drafting Drawings(projections):
Start with accurate projections for the specified section.
All Structure system used should be shown in the section drawings and the stairs in
details so builder can differentiate easily between the systems used and the types of
materials used (concrete, steel,…)

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
2) Axes:
All the axes on the plans that the Section line passes through them (Only
axes that are Perpendicular to the section plane)should be drawn in the
section.
Note: if the axis are not Perpendicular to the section plane , we never
draw them.

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
The projected axes

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
3) The building vertical dimensions and heights:
There are 2 types of dimension on the section drawing which are:
a) External Dimension
As in the plan drawing, we draw 2 external dimensions (Opening:the nearest
to the buildingand Total: the far line to the building) but we may add another
one if we have several raises and raised parts on the section, and this line is
called Blocksand we put it between the total and opening lines
Total
Blocks
Openings

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
Total Blocks
Openings
Note:
We put the external dimensions on both sides

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
b) Internal Dimension
This dimension lines show all the internal dimension either total height or the
clear height of the internal spaces. Also we show the heights of the openings
(height of doorsand windows, sillsand lintels) and the height of any fixed
features (Balustrade and handrails)

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
Note:
No Horizontal Dimensions on Section and Elevation Drawings

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
4) Floor Levels:
a) External Levels:
We put the level of the section near the external dimensions to show the
nearest levels of the floors

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
b) Internal Levels:
We put these levels to show the difference in level between the slabs because
some of them won’t be shown in the external levels

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
5) Building Finishing Materials:
All the finishing layers should be drawn in details and be shown using leaders,
also we have to write the wall finishing materials

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Section DrawingsWorking Drawing Sections

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
6) Building constructions materials :
All the construction building parts should be drawn in details and be shown by
the materials’ indications, also we have to write those materials using leaders.
Parapet

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Section DrawingsWorking Drawing Sections
The shape and symbols of the materials
R.C.C. Reinforced Cement Concrete
Gravel -Hardcore
P.C.C. Plain Cement Concrete
Sand
Wood
Bricks
Stone

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Section DrawingsWorking Drawing Sections
Marble
Compacted Soil
Thermal Insulation
Humidity Insulation
(DPC –Waterproof Membrane)

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
7) Opening (Doors and Windows):
Opening should be drawn in details and way of operation should be indicated
Hinged Door Fixed Curtain Wall
Sliding Door
Pivot Window

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Section DrawingsWorking Drawing Sections
Examples of Opening (Doors and Windows) :

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Section DrawingsWorking Drawing Sections

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
8) Mechanical , Electrical and Fixed items :
All the mechanical and electrical features should be shown in the section and
written on it its label.
Mechanical Features
Fixed Seats

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
Spot Lights
Lighting Units False ceiling (Gypsum Tiles)
False ceiling (Aluminum Strips)

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Section DrawingsWorking Drawing Sections
Elevator Section

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Section DrawingsWorking Drawing Sections
Elevator Detail and its mechanical room in the section

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
Basement
9) waterproofing insulation.
waterproofing insulation
Positive Insulation
Negative Insulation
Roof Floor
Toilet/ WC Floor

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Section DrawingsWorking Drawing Sections

32. 2R + T = 60 to 63 cm
R = Riser T = Tread
Tranges between 25 to 32 cm
Rranges between 14 to 17 cm
•Theactualriserandtreaddimensionsforasetofstairsaredeterminedby
dividingthetotalfloor-to-floorheightbythedesiredriserheight.Theresultis
roundedofftoarriveatawholenumberofrisers.Thetotalriseisthenredividedby
thewholenumbertoarriveattheactualriserheight.
•Thisrisermustbecheckedagainstthemaximumheightallowedbythebuilding
code.Ifnecessary,thenumberriserscanbeincreasedbyoneandtheactualriser
heightrecalculated.
•Oncetheactualriserheightisfixed,thetreadruncanbedeterminedbyusing
the2R+Tformula.
•Sinceinanyflightofstairs,thereisalwaysonelesstreadthanthenumberof
risers,thetotalnumberoftreadsandthetotalruncanbeeasilydetermined.
Riser and Tread Calculations
Working Drawing Sections
10) Stairs .

33. Working Drawing Sections

34. Working Drawing Sections

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Section DrawingsWorking Drawing Sections
Stairs Details

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Section Drawings
11) Suspended Ceiling Details in Section .
Working Drawing Sections

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Section Drawings
Suspended plaster ceilings: Components and
fixation
Working Drawing Sections

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Section Drawings
Suspended plaster ceilings: Components and
fixation
Working Drawing Sections

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Section Drawings
Gypsum board suspended ceilings are screwed to ordinary light-
gauge steel C-channels or I section that is suspended on steel wires.
Gypsum board suspended ceilings
Working Drawing Sections

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Section Drawings
Acoustical modular suspended ceilings
Working Drawing Sections

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Section Drawings
Metal suspended ceilings
Working Drawing Sections

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Section Drawings
12) Other Details in Section .
Working Drawing Sections

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Section Drawings
STRUCTURE SYSTEM IN HOSPITAL PROJECT
Working Drawing Sections
FLAT SLAB SYSTEM :
A flat slab is a reinforced concrete slab supported directly by
concrete columns without the use of beams.

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Section Drawings
Working Drawing Sections
RAFT OR MAT FOUNDATIONS:
A raft foundation, also called a mat foundation, is essentially a
continuous slab resting on the soil that extends over the entire
footprint of the building, thereby supporting the building, and
transferring its weight to the ground.
The raft is laid on a hardcore, or scalping bed and usually thickened
at the edges

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Section Drawings
Raft Foundations are built is this following steps:
1.The soil removed down to correct depth
2.The foundation bed is then compacted by ramming
3.Lay reinforcement on spacers over the foundation bed
4.Pour the concrete over the reinforcement
Working Drawing Sections
A Raft Foundation is usually preferred for large loads, which is
why they are so common in commercial , Hospitals and Hotel
building which tend to be much larger, and therefore heavier,
than domestic homes.

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Section Drawings
•A raft foundation is also very good for basements that often extend
several stories below ground.
•Engineers pay a great deal of attention to the waterproofing design
of basements
•The best way to do this is to wrap the outside of the basement in a
waterproof layer called awaterproofing membrane. This should
cover the bottom and all sides of the basement, and should be
placed between the soil and the concrete, so that the concrete
always remains dry
Working Drawing Sections

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Section Drawings
Checklist for Section Drawings Section element Remarks
• Draw at least one through the most
informative construction
• If a large scale section is drawn also show
a simple 1:100.
• FL to CL heights
• FL floor level
• GL original and finished
• line section up with an elevation.
• Door and windows in walls • refer to BC chart and/or reference.
• Label rooms in section
• Wall finishes • internally and externally.
• Roof construction
Note beams, trusses, pitch materials,
overhangs, etc.
• full details required.
• all sizes, spacings etc.
• Scale • usually 1:100.

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Section Drawings
Checklist for Section Drawings

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Section Drawings
Checklist for Section Drawings

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Section Drawings
Questions ?