SECTOR THEORY.pptx

Sectory Theory of Urban land Development Homer Hoyt

1. SECTOR THEORY of urban land development Homer Hoyt (1895-1984) Brief Introduction Components of Hoyt Model Features, Significance & Limitation Presented by: TEDRICK EIVANZ F. DANAO

2. SECTOR THEORY (HOYT MODEL) Homer Hoyt – Land Economist “The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities” (1939) Commissioned by the Federal Housing Administration Improve housing standard and conditions Provide sound housing and home financing policy Improved version of Burgess Model Cities developed in the form of sectors which grow along travel links

3. THE STRUCTURE AND GROWTH OF RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS IN AMERICAN CITIES I. Internal Structure & Relationship of various Neighborhoods - City Structure (Topography & Transportation) - Pattern of Land Use - Types of Residential Areas based on housing characteristics (Rent, Clustering of Racial Groups, Etc.) II. Growth of the entire City and its Component Parts - Settled Area Maps of successive periods - Commercial, industrial and residential in different periods

4. THE STRUCTURE AND GROWTH OF RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS IN AMERICAN CITIES “Rent areas in American Cities tend to conform to a pattern of sectors than of concentric circles... It is important for the purpose of locating markets for retail sales or determining risk in residential mortgages”

5. COMPONENTS OF HOYT MODEL

6. COMPONENTS OF HOYT MODEL Central Business District often known as downtown and has high rise buildings As the cities expand and modern technology and scientific innovations transformed the style of living and also the structure of the city, open spaces were being eaten up by built forms resulting in a congested and unhealthy environment

7. COMPONENTS OF HOYT MODEL Industry represented in the form of a sector radiating out from the center These forms sector because of the presence of a transport linkage along which the activities grew. The presence of a railway line, river or road would attract similar activity, and thus a continuous corridor or “sector” will develop.

8. COMPONENTS OF HOYT MODEL Low Class Residential Low-income groups reside in this area. Narrow roads, high population density, small houses with poor ventilation exist in this area. Roads are narrow and often connects to the industries where most of the people in this sector work. Closeness to industries reduces the travel cost and thus attracts industrial workers. Environmental and living conditions are often bad because of the proximity to factories.

9. COMPONENTS OF HOYT MODEL Middle Class Residential This area has middle-income groups who can afford more substantial travel costs and want better living conditions. The activities of people residing in this area consist of different activities and not just industrial work. It has more linkages with CBD along with some linkages to industries. This area has the most significant residential area.

10. COMPONENTS OF HOYT MODEL High Class Residential This is the outermost and farthest area from downtown. Wealthy and affluent people live in this area. This area is clean, has less traffic, quiet and has large houses. Corridor or spine extending from CBD to the edge has the best housing.

11. FEATURES OF HOYT MODEL Presence of low-income groups near industries Transportation and access to resources caused a disruption of the Burgess model. Transport linkages profoundly influence activities and their locations. Low transportation costs and proximity to roads/railway reduce the cost of production. This model applies well to Chicago Account for major transportation routes and its effect on activities

12. SIGNIFICANCE OF HOYT MODEL Ecological factors + economic rent concept to explain the land use pattern Stress on the role of transport routes in affecting the spatial arrangement of the city Both the distance and direction of growth from the city center are considered Brings location of industrial and environmental amenity values as determinants in a residential place

13. LIMITATION OF HOYT MODEL Only Railway lines are considered for the growth of sectors and do not make allowances for private cars. It is a monocentric representation of cities; multiple business centers are not accounted for in this model. Physical features – physical features may restrict or direct growth along specific wedges No reference to out of town development

14. References https://rashidfaridi.com/2020/03/14/sector-model-of-urban-land-use/ https://www.albert.io/blog/hoyt-sector-model-ap-human-geography-crash-course/ https://www.townandcountryplanninginfo.com/2020/08/sector-theory.html https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/human-geography/urban-geography/hoyt-sector-model/   https://planningtank.com/settlement-geography/sector-model-hoyt-model