Seed and seed technology

seed,definition,introduction, seed quality, classes of seed, roles and goals, seed and grain, generation system.

1. Sub.:-Principles of Seed Technology
Course No. :-APB-5221
Credit hours:-3(1+2)
Lec. No.-1 :-Seed and seed Technology
Presented by:-
IndiraGandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya
Raipur, C.G.
Presented by:-
Lt. RoshanParihar, Asstt. Professor (GPB)
Deptt. of Genetics & Plant Breeding
BTC College of Agriculture & Research Station
,Sarkanda, Bilaspur,(CG)-495001

2. Introduction of Seed production
Introduction contains the topicsIntroduction contains the topics
1.Definition 1.Definition and scope of and scope of
seed and seed technologyseed and seed technology..seed and seed technologyseed and seed technology..
2.Concept of Seed Quality.2.Concept of Seed Quality.
3.Categories 3.Categories and classes of and classes of
seeds.seeds.

3. What is seed?
•A seed, stands for any of the following used
for sowing or planting,
•i. Seeds of food crops including edible oil
seeds and seeds of fruit and vegetables
•ii. Cotton seeds
•iii. Seeds of cattle fodder
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•iii. Seeds of cattle fodder
•iv. Jute seeds
•v. Seedlings, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, roots,
cuttings, all types of grafts and other
vegetativelypropagated material for food
crops or cattle fodder.

4. Seed:
Atrueseedisa
reproductiveunitthatdevelopsfrom
ovulesandcontainsanembryo
sporophyteandfoodreserves;the
Definitions
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sporophyteandfoodreserves;the
foodislocatedeitherinembryo
itselforinsomeexternalstorage
tissue;itisthefertilizedmature
ovule.

5. Seed
2.Amatureovuleconsistingofan
embryonicplanttogetherwitha
storeoffood,allsurroundedbya
protectivecoat.
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protectivecoat.
3.
Anyplantpartusedforthe
purposeoffurtherpropagationor
multiplication.itisalsotermedas
Propagule.

6. Concept of seed technology
Differencebetweenseedandgrainisvital.
•Themainconceptistoharnessthepotential
ofembryo,theembeddedlivingportion
withinthefoodstoragetissue.Itsmainwork
istoprotectthebiologicalentityandlookistoprotectthebiologicalentityandlook
afteritswelfare.
•Whenwedealthesecondcomponent,the
foodstoragetissuewelfareandqualitythan
wedealthefoodtechnology

7. Difference between scientifically produced seed and the
grain (used as seed)
S.
No
Scientifically produced seedGrain (used as seed)
01Itistheresultsofwellplannedseed
productionprogramme.
Itisthepartofcommercial
produce,savedfor
sowing/ planting
purposes.
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02
03
It is the result of sound Scientific
knowledge, organized effort,
investment on processing, storage
and marketing facilities.
The pedigree of the seed is
ensured. It can be related to the
initial breeders seed.
No such knowledge or
effort is required.
Its varietal purity is
unknown.

8. Difference between scientifically produced seed and the
grain (used as seed)
4The seed is tested for planting
quality, namely, germination, purity
admixture of weed seeds and other
crop seeds, seed health and seed
moisture content.
Routine seed testing is not done
5Theseedisscientifically
processed,treatedandpackedand
Thegrainusedasseedmaybe
manuallycleaned.Insomecases,
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processed,treatedandpackedand
labeledwithproperlotidentity.
manuallycleaned.Insomecases,
priortosowingitmayalsobe
treated.Thisisnotlabeled
6Duringproductioneffortismadeto
rogueoutofftypes,diseasedplants
Objectionableweedsandothercrop
plantsatappropriatestagesofcrop
growthwhichensuressatisfactory
seedpurityandhealth.
Nosucheffortismade.Hence,the
purityandhealthstatusmaybe
inferior.

9. Concept of Seed quality
fo'ks"krk] xq.k]
•Geneticpurity(Truenesstotheparenttype)
identicalinplantagronomicandother
characters.
•Physicalpurity(Seedlotshouldbeofsame•Physicalpurity(Seedlotshouldbeofsame
kind,freefrominertmatter,brokengrains
lessthanhalfinsize,soilanddust
particle,chaffetc).
•Seedgerminationandvigour.

10. •Planting value (It is the real worth of seed)
It is calculated by pure live seed percentage.PLS
PLS=
Pure seed % ⁄ 100 X Germina?on % / 100 X 100.
•
Freedom from weeds and other crop seeds.
•Seed health (Absence of disease and pest on
seed lot).
•Seed moisture (Seed must be dried to safe
moisture content)

11. Other seed characteristics
•Seed size (Should be higher)
•Seed weight (Should be higher)
•Seed specific gravity (Should be higher)
•Seed colour(seed shine indicates seed •Seed colour(seed shine indicates seed
quality and health )
SEEDQUALITY:Itisthedegreeofexcellence
inregardtothecharacteristicsreferredabove
thatdeterminestheseedquality

12. Role of Seed / Seed Technology
1.Acarrierofnewtechnology.
(112%in
cereals,124%inpotatoes,142%insugarbeetreportedin
centralEurope)
2.A basic tool for secured food supply.
3.Aprincipalmeanstosecurecrop
yieldinlessfavorableareasof
production.
4.A medium for rapid rehabilitation of
agriculture in case of natural disaster.

13. What is Seed Technology ?
Seedtechnologyisthecreationand
applicationoftheknowledgeon
seedforitsbetterusagein
agriculture.
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agriculture.
Thatdisciplineofstudyhavingtodo
withseedproduction,maintainence,
qualityandpreservation(Cowan
1973)

14. Goals/Aims of Seed Technology
1.Rapidmultiplicationofpopular
varieties.
2.Timelysupplyofimproves
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2.Timelysupplyofimproves
seeds/Propagulesintimeandspace.
3.Assuranceofhighqualityseeds.
4.Availabilityofseedsatareasonable
price

15. Scope of Seed Technology /
1.Provision of scientific technique for Seed
production .
2.Provision of guidelines to maintain the
seed certification standards.
3.Adequate and timely supply of seeds on the
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3.Adequate and timely supply of seeds on the
market.
4.Provision of technical knowledge to check
the govt. statutory guidelines of seed
standards.

16. Classes of seed/
chtksdkntkZ
•Nucleus or Basic Seed /
BREEDER SEED
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•BREEDER SEED
•FOUNDATION SEED/
•CERTIFIED SEED

17. pj.k
/Stages I of Seed production
Nucleus Seed
BREEDER SEED
FOUNDATION SEED FOUNDATION SEED
CERTIFIED SEED
Farmers field

18. Stages II of Seed production
Nucleus Seed I
BREEDER SEED I
Nucleus Seed II
BREEDER SEED II
FOUNDATION SEED I
CERTIFIED SEED I
Farmers field
FOUNDATION SEED II
CERTIFIED SEED II

19. Nucleus or Basic Seed
Nucleusseed(orbasicseed)is
theoriginalorfirstseed(=
propagatingmaterial)ofa
varietyavailablewiththe
producingbreederoranyother
recognizedbreederofthecrop.
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recognizedbreederofthecrop.
Thisseedhas100%geneticand
physicalpurityalongwithhigh
standardsofallotherseed
qualityparameters.

20. BREEDER SEED
•Breederseedistheprogenyof
thenucleusseedandisthe
sourceforfoundationseed.
•Itsproduction isdirectly
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•Itsproduction isdirectly
controlledbytheoriginating
plantbreederwhodeveloped
thevariety,oranyother
institutionorqualifiedbreeder
recognizedbytheauthorities.

21. FOUNDATION SEED
•Itistheprogenyofbreeder
seedorcertifiedFoundation
Seeditself.
•Whenitisthe
progeny
of
breederseeditiscalled
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breederseeditiscalled
FoundationSeedStageI.
•Whenitistheprogenyof
certifiedfoundationseed-I,it
iscalled; FoundationSeed
StageII

22. CERTIFIED SEED
•Certifiedseedistheseed,
whichiscertifiedbya Seed
CertificationAgency notified
undersection 8oftheIndian
SeedsAct(1966)orbyany
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SeedsAct(1966)orbyany
otherforeigncertification
agencyprovidedtheconcerned
agencyisrecognizedbythe
GovernmentofIndiathrough
notificationintheOfficial
Gazette.

23. CERTIFIED SEED
•Generally,itisknownas
the progenyof
foundationseed andits
productionissohandled
astomaintainspecified
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astomaintainspecified
geneticidentityand
puritystandardsas
prescribedforthecrop
beingcertified.

24. Types of Certified Seed
Certified Seed
Certified Foundation Stage I & II
Certified Seed Stage I & II

25. Seed multiplication system
•A. Three -Generation model
Breeder seed -Foundation seed -Certified seed
•B. Four -Generation model
Breeder seed -Foundation seed (I) Foundation Breeder seed -Foundation seed (I) Foundation
seed (II) -Certified seed
•C. Five -Generation model
Breeder seed -Foundation seed (I)-Foundation
seed (II) -Certified seed (I) -Certified seed (II)

26. Colour of certification tags
for different classes of seeds
1.
Basic or Nucleus seed:Tag is not used
Certificate given by breeder
2.Breeder seed: Golden brown
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2.Breeder seed: Golden brown

27. 3.Foundation seed:White tag

28. 4.Certified seed:Blue
[shade ISI No.104 Azure blue]

29. Importance of Seed Production
•Multiplication of superior varieties.
•Availability of superior varieties to
masses
•Maintenance of genetic purity.
•Supply of high quality seeds with
excellent quality.excellent quality.
•Seeds have high germination status.
•Seeds have high vigourand viability
status.
•Seeds have high physical purity.
•It maintains the excellent health
status of seed