Seed multiplication

certification

1. Seed multiplication and Seed
certification
BaldaniyaManish
Reg. No. 1010118002
Department of Agronomy
N. M. College of Agriculture
NavsariAgricultural University, Navsari

2. •Seedisabasic
agriculturalinputanditis
anembryo,embeddedin
thefoodstoragetissue.
•Seedisalsodefinedasa
maturedovulewhich
consistsofanembryonic
plantwithstorageoffood
andsurroundedbya
protectiveseedcoat.
Definition of Seed

3. •Timelyavailabilityofgoodqualityseedsat
reasonablepriceensuresgoodyieldandprofitto
thefarmers.
•Theseedsplaysavitalroleinagricultureandacts
asacarrierofthegeneticpotentialofvarieties.
Everyfarmershould
abletoaccesshealthy
seedswhichare
Geneticallypure,with
highseedvigourand
good Germination
percentage.

4. Seed Multiplication
•Multiplicationanddistributionofhighquality
seedofimprovedvarietiesisacrucialstepin
theagriculturalproductionofanycountry.
Seedisthecheapestandbasicinput
forsustainedagriculturalproduction.
Atthetimeofreleaseofavariety,
smallquantityofseednormally
knownasnucleusseedisavailable
withtheplantbreeder.
Commercialquantityofseedis
producedafteraseriesof
multiplicationsteps.

5. Stages of Seed Multiplication
•Thebenefitsofanimprovedvarietyarenot
releasedunlessenoughtrueseedhasbeen
producedforitscommercialspread.
•Theinitialamountofpureseedwhichislimitedin
quantityismultipliedunderfollowingstages,
•Breedersseed
•Foundationseed
•Registeredseed
•Certifiedseed

6. Breeders seed
•Breederseedistheseedorthevegetative
propagatingmaterialsproducedbythe
breederwhodevelopedtheparticularvariety.
•Breederseedisgeneticallypure.
•Incaseofself-pollinatedspecies,mass
selectionisregularlypracticedtomaintainthe
geneticpurityofthevariety.
•Breederseedusedgolden-yellowtag

7. Foundation seed
•Foundationseedisprogenyofbreederseed.
•Foundationseedisgeneticallypureandisthe
sourceofregisteredand/orcertifiedseed.
•FoundationseedisproducedonGovernment
farms,atResearchstationsorbycompetent
seedgrowersunderstrictsupervisionof
experts.
•Foundationseedusedwhitecolortag

8. Registered seed
•Registered seed is produced from foundation
seed or from registered seed.
•Genetically pure and used to produce certified
seed or registered seed.
•It is usually produced by progressive farmers
according to technical advice and supervision
provided by SCPPC (Seed Certification and
Plant Protection Centre)
•Registered seed used pink color tag

9. Certified seed
•Certifiedseedisproducedfromfoundation,
registeredorcertifyseed.
•Thisissoknownbecauseitiscertifiedbythe
SCPPCassuitableseedforraisingagoodcrop.
•Thecertifiedseedisannuallyproducedby
progressivefarmersaccordingtostandardseed
productionpractices.
•Tobecertifiedtheseedmustmeettheprescribed
requirementsregardingpurityandquality.
•Certifiedseedusedbluecolortag.

10. Requirements of Certified Seed Production
•1)SourceofSeed:Appropriate/properclassofseedneedtobeobtained
fromapprovedsourceaccordingtostagesofseedmultiplication.
a)Thebagscontainingbreederseedorfoundationseedshouldintactwith
leadsealsnottamperedorremoved.
b)Certificationtagi.eyellowtagforbreederseedandwhitetagfor
foundationseedshouldbestitchedtothebagandintact.Itshouldbe
signedbyseedcertificationofficer/cropbreeder.
c)Whileprocuringtheseed,periodofvalidationorrevalidationnotedon
thetagbechecked.Ifthevalidityorrevalidationperiodofthetagis
expired,theseedshouldnotbeusedforseedproduction.Thesourceof
purchasedseedshouldbeverifiedbySCAbeforesowing.
d)Theemptybagsandthetagsshouldbepreservedproperlytilltheseedis
certified.Ithelpsingivingdocumentaryevidenceiflegaldisputearises.
Thetagsarealsorequiredtobeproducedatthetimeoffieldinspections.
•Generallyseedsofnotifiedvarietiesaremultipliedinfourtiersystemi.e
nucleusseed,breederseed,foundationseedandcertifiedseed.

11. •2)RegistrationofSeedPlot:Whentheseed
plotistobeofferedforcertification,itis
necessarytoregisterthesaidplotfor
certificationwithDistrictSeedCertification
Officer.Forthisanapplicationistobemadein
prescribedform(FormA)andistobe
submittedtoDistrictSeedCertificationOfficer
alongwithagreementbondonstamppaperof
Rs.100/-dulynotarisedorregisteredwith
Talukamagistrate.

12. •3)LandRequirement:
a)Thelandselectedforseedproductionshouldbesuitableforthatcrop.Itshouldbe
mediumtodeepandwelldrainedlightsoils,sandysoilsorwaterloggedsoils
shouldnotbeselectedforseedproductionassuchlandsaffectcropgrowthand
therebyreducetheseedyields.
b)Thelandselectedforseedproductionshouldbecomparativelyfreefromsoilborne
diseases,insectpestsandnoxiousweedseeds.
c)Asfaraspossiblethelandselectedforseedproductionshouldnothavesamecrop
grownintheproceedingseason.However,ifsamecropisgrownintheproceeding
season,thenitshouldbeirrigatedthreeweeksbeforesowingsothatseedof
preveiouscropthathadfallenthesoilwillstartgermination.Thelandshouldbe
harrowedforremovingseedlingsofvolunteerplants,weeds,othercropplants.
d)Itisdesirabletohaveprotectiveirrigationsource.
e)Theselectedlandshouldmeetisolationrequirement.
•4)IsolationRequirement:
IsolationistheseparationofseedfieldfromthefieldsofOthervarietiesorhybrids
ofsamecrop.Samevarietyofhybridswhichdonotconformingtovarietal
requirements.OtherrelatedspecieswhicharereadilycrossableandFieldsaffected
bydesignateddiseasespreventgeneticanddiseasecontamination.

13. •5)CultivationPracticesandPlantsProtection:
Cultivationpracticerecommendedforthecropare
requiredtobeadoptedtimelysoastogetgoodstand
ofseedcropandtherebyhigherseedyields.
Itconsistsof…….
Goodlandpreparation.
Useofoptimumseedratewithtimelysowing.
ApplicationofFYMandfertilizersatrecommended
dosesandasperscheduleofsplitapplication.
TimelyweedingandInterculturing.
Timelycontrolofpestsanddiseases.
Timelyapplicationofirrigations.
Watchingtheseedplotsfrombirds,strayanimals.

14. •6)Roughing:
Roughingistheremovalofindividualplantswhichdiffer
significantlyfromthenormaltypeofthevariety.
Themostimportantobjectoftheseedproductionisto
maintaingeneticpurityofthevarietyorhybridsseedplot.
Rougingconsistsofremovalof
OfftypesPlant
Volunteerplants
Pollensheddersinfemale(A)lines,
Plantsofnoxiousweedsandothercrops,
Diseasedplantsaffectedbyseedbornediseasesgrowingin
theseedplotand
Tasselsfromplantsinthefemalerowsofseedproductionof
singlehybridsanddoublehybridsinmaize.

15. 7)FieldInspection:
•Asperprovisionsofseedcertification,theseedplotsofferedfor
certificationsaresubjectedtofieldinspectionbythestaffofseed
certificationagency.
•Thenumberoffieldinspectionsisusuallycarriedwithoutprior
intimationtotheseedproducer.Itistheresponsibilityoftheseed
producertofollowtheinstructionsgivenbythefieldinspector.
•Seedproducerorhisresponsiblerepresentativeremainpresenton
thefieldduringeachinspection.
•Duringthefieldinspection,sourceofseedusedwithtagisolation
plantingrougingarecheckedandcountsofofftypes,sheddersetc
aretaken.
•Acopyofinspectionreportishandedovertotheproducer.Seed
producershouldseethatalloperationsrequiredtomaintain
prescribedgeneticandphysicalpurityofseedplotarecarried
beforeeachinspection,otherwisecarelessnessonpartoftheseed
producermayresultinrejectionofseedplotfromcertification.

16. 8)Harvesting,Threshing,DryingandSealingofRawSeed:
•Seedplotshouldbeharvestedatproperstageofmaturityandonly
afterpermissionisgrantedbythefieldinspector.
•Afterharvestingthecrop,itshouldbebroughttothreshingyardfor
dryingcareshouldbetakentoseethattherewillnotbe
contaminationwithothervarietiesintheproduceofseedplot.
•Theseedproducebethreshedandwinnowedforremovingmajor
partofinertmatter.i.eStones,sand,driedtwigs,leaves,husketc.
•Thecleanedseedproduceshouldbebaggedinthepresenceofthe
fieldinspectorswhoillsealtheentirebagsadissuethreshing
certificate.
•Atthetimeofsealing,fieldinspectordraw3kgsamplefromeach
lot.IncaseofF/SandcertifiedcottonseedforF.T.Theseedbags
shouldbetransportedtoauthorizedseedprocessingplantfor
processingalongwiththreshingcertificate.
•Itmaybenotedthattheseedwillnotbeacceptedforprocessingat
seedprocessingplantunlessitisbroughtinbagssealedbythefield
inspectorandissuedwiththreshingcertificate.

17. 9)SeedProcessing:
•Seedlotacceptedforprocessingisprocessedattheseed
drawsthreesamplesandsendsonesampletoseed
testinglaboratoryfortesting,onesamplekeptathis
disposalandonesampleforconcernedseedproducer.
10)Bagging,Tagging:
•Whentheseedlotispassedbyseedcertificationagency
onthebasisofseedtestinglaboratoryreport(STL),than
afterprocessedandtreatedseedisbaggedandtagged
withappropriatetagsissuedbyseedcertificationofficer.
11)ReleaseofSeedLot:
•Thecertifiedseedlotisreleasedtotheseedproducerfor
sale.ButfoundationseedlotisreleasedaftergettingFT
report.

18. Why need Certified seed??
•GeneticPurity-Absenceofseedsofothervarietiesof
thesamecropspeciesaswellasofothercropspecies.
•PhysicalPurity–freedomofseedfrominertmatter
(sand,pebbles)anddefectiveseed(broken,diseased,
infested).
HighGerminationRate
Freefromweedseeds
FreefromDiseases
Optimummoisturecontent(forefficientprocessing
andstorage)

19. Seed certification
•Seedcertificationisaqualityassurance
systemwherebyseedintendedformarketing
issubjecttoofficialcontrolandinspection.

20. Objectives of Seed Certification
Therearefollowingthreeprimaryobjectivesof
seedprogrammes:
Thesystematicincreaseofsuperiorvarieties.
Theidentificationofnewvarietiesandtheir
rapidincreaseunderappropriateand
generallyacceptednames.
Provisionofacontinuingsupplyof
comparablematerialbycarefulmaintenance.

21. Seed Certification Agencies
SeedsAct,1966providesfortheestablishmentofSeedCertificationAgencies
ineachState.SeedCertificationAgencyshouldfunctiononthefollowing
broadprinciples:
•SeedCertificationagencyshouldbeanautonomousbody.
•SeedCertificationAgencyshouldnotinvolveitselfintheproductionand
marketingofseeds.
•TheSeedCertificationStandardsandproceduresadaptedbyseed
certificationagencyshouldbeuniform,throughoutthecountry.
•SeedCertificationAgencyshouldhavecloselinkagewiththetechnicaland
otherrelatedinstitutions.
•Itslong-termobjectiveshouldbetooperateonno-profitno-lossbasis.
•Adequatestafftrainedinseedcertificationshouldbemaintainedbythe
CertificationAgency.
•Itshouldhaveprovisionforcreatingadequatefacilitiesforensuringtimely
andthroughinspections.
•Itshouldservetheinterestsofseedproducersandfarmers/users.

22. Indian seed programme includes
•ParticipationCentralandStategovernments,
•IndianCouncilofAgricultural(ICAR),
•StateAgriculturalUniversities(SAU)system,
•Publicsector,cooperativesectorandprivatesector
institutions.
•SeedsectorinIndiaconsistsoftwonationallevelcorporations
i.e.NationalSeedsCorporation(NSC)andStateFarms
CorporationofIndia(SFCI),15StateSeedCorporations(SSCs)
andabout100majorseedcompanies.
•Forqualitycontrolandcertification,thereare22StateSeed
CertificationAgencies(SSCAs)and104stateSeedTesting
Laboratories(SSTLs).
•Theprivatesectorhasstartedtoplayasignificantroleinthe
productionanddistributionofseeds.

23. Steps Involved in Seed Certification
1. Application for seed production
2. Registration of sowing report
3. Field inspection
4. Seed processing
5. Seed sample and seed analysis

24. 1. Application for seed production
•Anypersonwhowantstotakeupcertifiedseed
productionshouldsubmitasowingreportin
triplicatetotheAssistantDirectorofSeed
Certificationtoregisterthecropandseasonwith
aregistrationfeeofRs.25/-(Rupeestwentyfive
only)andprescribedcertificationcharges.
•Thefeeisforasinglecropvarietyforanareaup
to25acresandforasingleseason.
•Alongwiththisfeeforseedcertificationthelabel
oftheseedsourceshouldbesubmitted.

25. SAMPLE FORM OF SOWING REPORT
NameandaddressoftheProducer:
Nameandaddressofthegrower:
Locationoftheseedfarm:
a.Revenuevillage:
b.Block:
c.Taluka:
Crop/Variety/Acreage:
Classofseedtobeproduced:
QuantityofSeedsused(kg/acre):
Sourceofseed:
a.Tagnumber:
b.PurchaseBillNo.anddate:
Dateofsowing:
Signatureofthegrower:
Enclosures:
1.Tagforsourceofseed
2.Purchasebillofthegrower
Signatureoftheproducer
FOR OFFICE USE ONLY
Feeremitted:
Billnumberanddate:
SeedCertificationNo.:
SeedCertificationOfficerallotted:
DuedatesforfieldInspections:
SignatureofAssistantDirectorof
SeedCertificatio

26. 2.Registrationofsowingreport
Afterreceivingtheapplicationofthesowingreport,theAssistant
DirectorofSeedCertificationscrutinizesandregisterstheseedfarm
anddulyassignsaSeedcertificationnumberforeachsowingreport.
3.FieldInspection
Theobjectiveofthefieldinspectionistocheckforthefactorsthat
mayaffectthegeneticpurityandphysicalhealthoftheseeds.Field
inspectionwillbeconductedbytheSeedCertificationOfficer(SCO)to
whomthespecificseedfarmhasbeenallocated.Thespecificdateof
inspectionanddetailsoftheseedfarmwillbeintimatedbytheSeed
CertificationOfficerthroughacopyofthesowingreportsenttohim.
Numberoffieldinspectionswilldifferfromcroptocropdepending
uponthegrowthstagesofthecrop.Generallyfieldinspectionswould
becarriedoutduringthefollowinggrowthstagesofthecrop.
•Prefloweringstage
•Floweringstage
•PostfloweringandPreharveststage
•Harvesttime

27. 4.SeedProcessing
Oncetheseedsareharvestedfromtheseedfarmbyfollowingthe
requiredfieldstandards,itshouldbetakentotheprocessingplant.
Processingshouldbedoneonlyintheapprovedseedprocessingunits.
Eachseedlotshouldaccompanytheprocessingreportandeachseedlot
intheunitisverifiedwiththisreport.Processingincludescleaning,
drying,grading,treatingandotheroperationstoimprovetheseedquality.
SeedCertificationOfficerwillinspecttheprocessingplanttocheckthe
possibilityofmechanicalmixtures.
Theseedlotshouldcorrelatewiththeestimatedyield.Seedlotsshould
haveprescribedmoisturelevelwithproperlabeling.
Processedseedsshouldbeproperlyweighed,bagged,sealedandlabeled.
Assigninglotnumbersisdoneatthisstageasbelow:E.g.Apr13-22-10-
01
Itmeans,
APR13representsseedharvestedinApril’13.
22–seedcropraisedinTamilNaduState.
10–seedprocessingunitnumber
01–seedproducecode

28. SAMPLE APPLICATION FORM FOR PROCESSING REPORT
Processor Name / Address :
Producer Name / Address :
Crop / Variety :
Certification Stage :
Seed Certification No. :
Sowing date :
Seed farm situated in
Block :
Village :
Acreage of the seed farm :
Date of harvest :
Yield estimated by SCO during field inspection :
The above mentioned seed lot was inspected by me on the date………………. This seed lot is
properly
stored without any contamination of the seeds of other varieties. Kindly request you to provide
the
processing order to take the seed lots to the processing unit No. ……….. for processing.
Signature of the grower Signature of the Producer/representatives
Name : Name :
Designation : Designation:
Date: Date:
To
Assistant Director of Seed Certification
Copy to : Seed Certification Officer

29. 5.Seedsamplingandanalysis
Seedsampleshouldbesenttotheseedtestinglaboratoryforanalysisthroughthe
AssistantDirectorofSeedCertification.ThefeeofRs.30/-(Rupeesthirtyonly)forseed
analysisshouldbepaidduringtheregistrationoftheseedfarm.Toanalysethegenetic
purityoftheseedsample,theproducershouldpayafeeofRs.200/-(Rupeestwo
hundredonly)totheAssistantDirectorofSeedCertification.
Seedlotswhichmeettheprescribedseedstandardslikepurity,freeofinertmatter,
moisturepercentageandgerminationcapacityalonewillbeallottedthecertification
label.Whitecolourlabelforfoundationseedsandbluecolourlabelforcertifiedseeds
shouldbeboughtfromtheAssistantDirectorofSeedCertificationbypayingRs.3and
Rs.2respectively.
6.Tagging
Approvedseedlotsshouldbetaggedwithcertificationtagwithintwomonthsfromthe
dateofthereceiptofseedanalysisreportorwithin30daysfromthedateofgenetic
puritytestperformed.Onreceiptoftheseedtags,itisverifiedbytheSeed
CertificationOfficer.Alltheprescribeddetailsareenteredinthetagwithoutany
omission.Thegreencolour(10–15cmsize)producertagshouldalsobeattachedto
theseedlotalongwiththecertificationtag.Avoidstitchingmorethanonceonthe
tags.AllthetaggingoperationsshouldbedoneinthepresenceoftheSeed
CertificationOfficer.