Segregation Post-Union.pptx grader 12 prep

Economic Geography lesson description of a lesson with learner activity to include a clear understanding of the topic and videos with images that support the topic. This is a guidelines for learner understanding

1. Segregation Post-Union Exploring the roots of apartheid in South Africa.

2. Agenda • Historical background of segregation • Key features of segregation policies • Impact of legislative acts • Resistance against segregation • Path to formal apartheid

3. Introduction to Segregation Segregation in South Africa emerged after the Union's formation in 1910, establishing systemic racial divisions. This era saw laws like the Native Land Act, which restricted land ownership for Black South Africans, laying groundwork for apartheid. Pass laws further enforced territorial segregation, defining movement and access.

4. Key Features of Segregation • Racial classification enforced by law • Restrictions on public spaces for non-whites • Housing policies favored white residents • Native Land Act limited black land ownership

5. Racial Classification System The Population Registration Act classified South Africans by race, establishing a framework for apartheid. It categorized individuals into groups such as White, Native, and Coloured. This legal classification led to systemic discrimination and territorial segregation across the nation.

6. Impact of the Colour Bar The colour bar was a legal framework ensuring white supremacy by restricting job opportunities for Black South Africans. For example, the Native Land Act of 1913 limited land ownership for non-white individuals, further entrenching segregation. This system institutionalized racial discrimination, paving the way for apartheid policies.

7. Territorial Segregation Territorial segregation was a systematic enforcement of racial divisions, solidifying areas designated for white inhabitants only. For example, the Native Land Act of 1913 restricted land ownership for Black South Africans, effectively creating racially exclusive communities. This laid the groundwork for the later formalization of apartheid in South Africa.

8. Native Land Act Overview • Enacted in 1913 in South Africa • Restricted land for Black South Africans • Designated areas became 'Bantustans' • Founded basis for future apartheid laws

9. Consequences of the Native Land Act The Native Land Act of 1913 significantly increased poverty among Black communities by restricting land ownership to only 7% of South Africa. This led to widespread land dispossession and forced many Black families into overcrowded urban areas. The socio-economic impacts laid groundwork for future apartheid policies.

10. The System of Passes Pass laws restricted Black South Africans' movement, enforcing racial segregation. For example, the 1923 Natives (Urban Areas) Act mandated passbooks for Black individuals, limiting where they could work or reside. This system was a crucial element in the establishment of apartheid.

11. Resistance to Segregation • Formation of the African National Congress (ANC) in 1912 • The 1920s protests against the Native Land Act • Boycotts of discriminatory laws in the 1930s • Emergence of youth organizations advocating for rights

12. Designing Apartheid's Framework The segregation policies of the 1920s and 1930s established legal frameworks that facilitated racial discrimination. For instance, the Native Land Act of 1913 restricted land ownership for Black South Africans, reinforcing territorial segregation. These policies cumulatively laid the groundwork for the formal apartheid system introduced in 1948.

13. Legal Foundations of Apartheid The legal structure supporting apartheid originated from earlier segregation laws, such as the Native Land Act of 1913, which restricted land ownership for Black South Africans. Additionally, the colour bar enforced racial discrimination in labor markets. By the 1930s, passes and territorial segregation laws further institutionalized systemic inequality, laying the groundwork for apartheid.

14. Economic Disparities • Land Act limited black land ownership • Colour bar restricted job opportunities • Pass laws controlled black movement • Territorial segregation enforced resource division

15. Social Fabric of Segregation Racial segregation reshaped social interactions in South Africa, creating divisions that defined community life. For example, the Native Land Act restricted black South Africans' access to land, fostering inequality. Such policies laid the groundwork for the institutionalized racism of apartheid.

16. Education and Segregation • Schools segregated by race after the union's formation. • Contrast in resources: white schools vs. Black schools. • Examples: Native Land Act limited land access. • Segregation laid groundwork for future apartheid laws.

17. Cultural Implications Segregation in the 1920s and 1930s entrenched racial identities in South Africa, leading to distinct cultural practices. The Native Land Act restricted land ownership, fostering a sense of separation among groups. These factors ultimately laid the groundwork for the formalized apartheid system.

18. The Role of the ANC The African National Congress (ANC) played a pivotal role in challenging segregation laws, such as the Native Land Act of 1913. During the 1920s and 1930s, the ANC organized protests and advocated for racial equality, laying the groundwork for future anti-apartheid efforts. Their efforts highlighted the injustices faced by black South Africans under the oppressive colour bar system.

19. International Perspectives During the 1920s and 1930s, global attitudes toward racial segregation influenced South Africa's policies towards its non-white population. The Native Land Act of 1913, which restricted land ownership for Black South Africans, laid groundwork for systemic apartheid. These external views highlighted racial hierarchies, promoting segregation like the 'colour bar' in labor markets.

20. Path to Apartheid The transition from segregation to apartheid in South Africa was marked by laws such as the Native Land Act of 1913, which restricted land ownership for Black South Africans. Additionally, the introduction of passes defined movement and employment, laying the groundwork for systemic oppression. These measures institutionalized racial discrimination that would culminate in formal apartheid in 1948.

21. Global Scrutiny of Apartheid • International boycott of South African goods • UN condemnations of apartheid policies • Support for ANC from global leaders • Increased visibility of anti-apartheid movements

22. Comparing Segregation and Apartheid Segregation laws and apartheid both enforced racial discrimination, creating divisions. For example, the Native Land Act restricted Black land ownership, paralleling apartheid's territorial segregation. Both systems were rooted in the belief of white supremacy.

23. Key Figures of Change • Nelson Mandela - Anti-apartheid leader • Walter Sisulu - Key ANC strategist • Albertina Sisulu - Activist and nurse • Oliver Tambo - ANC president in exile

24. Reflection on Segregation Segregation in the 1920s and 1930s established laws that built the apartheid system. The Native Land Act restricted land ownership for Black people, reinforcing economic disparities. Reflect on how these historical policies continue to influence contemporary South African society.

25. Discussion Prompt How did segregation in the 1920s and 1930s shape the social and political landscape that led to apartheid? Consider the impact of legislation like the Native Land Act and the Colour Bar.

26. Conclusion on Segregation The segregation policies of the 1920s and 1930s laid the groundwork for apartheid by enforcing racial division. Key measures like the Colour Bar and the Native Land Act institutionalized inequalities. These frameworks created a system of oppression that institutionalized segregation across South Africa.

27. Final Thoughts The legacy of segregation laid the groundwork for apartheid in South Africa. Understanding this history underscores the importance of fighting for equality and justice across the globe.

28. Resources https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvVx7uEJnvE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBlqcAEv4nk&pp=0gcJCdgAo7VqN5tD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nje1U7jJOHI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7l9D8D0zUpQ&pp=0gcJCfwAo7VqN5tD

29. Conclusion • Segregation laid groundwork for apartheid. • Racial discrimination enforced through laws. • Legislation affected social and economic structures. • Resistance movements emerged in response. • Understanding history underscores the fight for equality.