Seismic Structural Health Monitoring in Canada

Implementation of Seismic Structural Health Monitoring in Western Canada

1. Implementation of Seismic Structural Health Monitoring in Western Canada Carlos E. Ventura Dept . of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC. Canada [email protected]

2. Acknowledgment Yavuz Kaya Kevin Baskin Sharlie Huffman Gary Farnden Frank Dacho Kevin Wicker Alireza Ahmadnia Andre Abreu Andreas Rosenberger Martin Turek Laurent Mevel Michael Döhler Palle Andersen Alex Mendler Saeid Allahdadian Felix Yao Terry Moser Jason Dowling William Zhang Benjamin Ng Derek Inglis Marcus Schmieder Chris Sellatham

3. West of Vancouver Island, and extending from northern Vancouver Island to northern California, the oceanic Juan de Fuca plate is moving towards North America at about 4-5 cm/year Seismicity in British Columbia

4. Seismic activities in British Columbia

5. BC Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure (MOTI) Post Earthquake Response What is damaged – how bad? Staffing Inspections Route condition Prioritization Changing plans Risks/decisions

6. What does MOTI need? Fast, accurate field intelligence Speed of initial response Effective risk assessment and decision making

7. SSHM Solution Implement damage detection algorithms to identify loss of structural integrity Damage from impact, deterioration or seismic Provide a dense ground motion network Provide “Internet” and “local” data access and information display Provide a trigger response mechanism Instrument key bridges

8. Objectives of BCSIMS network Development of a strong motion network of accelerometers to measure and report the level of seismic shaking in BC (i.e., BC strong motion network) in order to prioritize and enable efficient deployment of resources after a seismic event. Real-time monitoring of the condition of Ministry structures using instrumentation (i.e., Structural Health Monitoring) to enable rapid response for safety and operational issues (e.g. seismic damage, component deterioration, collision damage, overloads, environmental effects) STRONG MOTION NETWORK STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING NETWORK

9. Geologic Survey of Canada maintains a network of approximately 120 strong motion stations BC MOTI has become involved in the SMN adding many strong motion sites around the province – 40 stations BC MOTI has also been involved in structural monitoring since the late 1990’s, in collaboration with UBC Over the last several years these concepts we have begun to integrate into a comprehensive online network, BCSIMS BCSIMS

10. I nstall sensors on and around a structure Can measure actual ground motion input at the bridge site actual bridge response Automatically compares measured to a pre-determined threshold Capability for more detailed structural analysis Seismic Structural Monitoring

11. Before Event Data After Event Data Database: Dynamic Properties Mass and Stiffness FEM Loads Deflections New Information: Dynamic Properties Mass and Stiffness FEM Loads Deflections Damage Detection Process Condition Assessment Page 11 During Event Data (optional) Global Damage Detection: Pre and post event evaluation

12. The system has capacity to monitor other events, such as impact (system is calibrated to look at vulnerable parts of the structure) Specific environmental sensors can be added, such as wind (storms trigger system to record overall bridge response) Temperature sensors are installed to relate measured changes in the structure to relevant changes in the local environment Scour under piers can be monitored Other Events

13. C onstantly monitors the structure Builds a baseline database of its performance Data is stored according to the type of sensors installed (ie: strain gauges directly measure stress in a structural element) System can automatically look for deviations in those parameters Reports are issued by email and on the web, which summarize the important alerts as well as give the entire picture BCSIMS

14. Strong Motion Network (~160 SM station) www.bcsims.ca

15. Strong Motion Network (~160 SM station) www.bcsims.ca

16. Structural Health Monitoring Network (14 bridges and 1 tunnel are currently being monitored in real-time) Second Narrows Bridge Pitt River Bridge Port Mann Bridge Queensborough Bridge Gaglardi Bridge Kensington Bridge 176 th Street Bridge Fraser Heights Wetlands Bridge Hw17 Deltaport Bridge BNSF Sunbury Bridge East Mill Access Bridge (~2500 bridges)

17. No Structure Name Total Length (m) Inst. Year Number of channel Type of Sensor 1 French Creek (FC) 200 1997 12 A 2 George Massey Tunnel (GMT) 660 1996 11 A P 3 Queensborough (QB) 914 1996 12 A P 4 Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing (IMSNC) 1290 2011 122 A S W T 5 Pitt River (PR) 380 2009 46 A W 6 William R. Bennett (WRB) 1077 2008 12 A 7 Portage Creek Bridge (PCB) 129 1983 41 A S 8 Port Mann (PM) 850 2013 336 A W D T H P 9 176th Underpass (176B) 75 2013 26 A T H 10 Gaglardi Way Underpass (GWU) 65 2013 22 A T H 11 Kensington Avenue Underpass (KAU) 75 2013 30 A T H 12 Fraser Heights - Wetlands (FHW) 476 2013 20 A T H 13 8264 BNSP Sunbury 68 2014 36 A H W D 14 8270 BNSF Viaduct East Mill Access 195 2014 84 A H W D 15 8313 Hwy-17 Deltaport 133 2014 36 A H W D 16 Earthquake Engineering Research Facility (EERF) at UBC - 2013 16 A List of tunnel, bridges, and buildings that are instrumented and currently being monitored in real-time in the BCSIMS network – 862 channels A: Acceleration, P: Piezometer, S: Strain gauge, W: Wind, T: Temperature, D: Displacement, H: Humidity

18. Structural Health Monitoring Network - MoEd (Public Schools in BC ~768) Henderson School Phoenix School Wellington School Aberdeen Elementary School Strathcona School Burnaby Secondary School Parkland Elementary School Cordova Bay Elementary School Quadra Elementary School (Public Schools in BC ~768)

19. 122 channels Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing Bridge 100 Acceleration 18 strain gauges 2 Temperature sensors 1 wind speed sensor 1 wind direction sensor

20. 11 328.30 m IRONWORKERS MEMORIAL SECOND NARROWS CROSSING BRIDGE SENSOR MAP Elevation (Looking East) Plan View of Deck West East 1 2 North 4 3 5 6 7 8 10 9 12 14 13 15 16 17 19 18 20 21 22 26 24 23 25 2 1 7 6 12 11 17 16 22 21 26 121 Accelerometer (Out of the Plane) Accelerometer (Into the Plane) Temperature Sensor Free-Field/Downhole Sensor Strain Gauge Wind Sensor 35 .948 m 36.347 m 36.549 m 36.576 m 36.576 m 36.576 m 36.576 m 36.576 m 36.576 m EL. 2.438m

21. EL. 2.438m EL. 2.438m 91 92 Free - Field Sensor Downhole 344.35 m Elevation (Looking West) Plan View of Deck West East 27 29 30 39 38 32 31 35 34 36 44 43 Ch41 40 42 53 52 50 49 51 62 61 59 58 60 28 37 46 55 30 29 38 39 48 47 47 48 56 57 57 56 62 28 37 46 55 100 104 102 106 12 m 101 105 103 107 33 45 54 44 45 32 33 53 54 86 .843 m 85 .852 m 85 .852 m 85 .801 m 93 94 95 96 Elevation (Looking East) North 27 IRONWORKERS MEMORIAL SECOND NARROWS CROSSING BRIDGE SENSOR MAP

22. 619.20 m Plan View of Deck West East N 63 65 66 72 73 75 76 80 79 85 86 90 67 77 69 68 70 82 81 83 64 71 74 78 84 64 71 74 78 84 66 65 73 72 76 75 79 80 86 85 WIND 118/119 (Speed/Direction) 120 98 97 99 114 108 110 112 116 109 111 113 115 117 Free-Field Sensor (Next Page) 141.77 m 335.28 m 142.151 m Elevation (Looking West) Elevation (Looking East) IRONWORKERS MEMORIAL SECOND NARROWS CROSSING BRIDGE SENSOR MAP

23. Pitt River Bridge 44 acceleration sensor 1 wind speed sensor 1 wind direction sensor 46 channels

24. 60 m 95 m 190 m 95 m 66 m Accelerometer Wind sensor Out of plane Into plane 27 29 28 4 6 5 33 35 34 24 26 25 20 21 22 23 17 16 46 Wind sensor 44, 45 42 43 18 19 380 m 66 m 60 m 12 10 11 31 32 30 40 41 38 39 37 36 3 1 2 7 9 8

25. Port Mann Bridge

26. Lions Gate Bridge Instrumentation Map 8 displacement sensors 5 acceleration sensors 2 temperature and 2 wind sensors 4 tilt sensors Total of 33 channels of instrumentation is scheduled to be installed on the LGB in 2019.

27. BCISMS – SHM TOOLS Real-time Monitoring includes the following tool: Storing Raw Data and Analysis Results on SQL Database Statistics Modal Identification – Mode tacking Damage Detection Drift Calculation Environmental

28. BCISMS – SHM TOOLS Real-time Monitoring includes the following tool: Archiving BCSIMS VIF compressed file format - Raw Data files of 5-minute long Acceleration time history plot and Fourier Spectrum amplitude of the vertical response from the selected channel #20 located at the mid-span of the Port Mann Bridge (recorded: June 1st, 2018, 04:10 p.m., UTC)

29. BCISMS – SHM TOOLS Real-time Monitoring includes the following tool: Statistics Statistics of each channels is calculated every 5 minutes Mean, Max, Min, Std., etc. Time variation of statistics parameters for the selected vertical channel #20 on the Port Mann Bridge: recorded for three months from mid January to the end of May in 2018: (a) maximum amplitudes and (b) standard deviation. Statistics are calculated at 5-minute intervals

30. BCISMS – SHM TOOLS Real-time Monitoring includes the following tool: Modal Identification Modal Identification is done every 5 minutes Time variation (control chart) of modal frequencies of the Port Mann Bridge between October 2017 and June 2017

31. BCISMS – SHM TOOLS Real-time Monitoring includes the following tool: Modal Identification Modal Identification is done every 5 minutes Time variation of first three modal frequencies of the Port Mann Bridge with respect to air temperature between October 2017 and June 2017

32. Shake-map for the M4.8 Earthquake on Sidney Island / 29-Dec-2015

33. Bridge Layer on shake-map for the M4.8 Earthquake on Sidney Island / 29-Dec-2015 British Columbia Smart Infrastructure Monitoring System (BCSIMS)– Dr. Yavuz Kaya

34. School Layer on shake-map for the M4.8 Earthquake on Sidney Island / 29-Dec-2015

35. Event occurs System is triggered; begins recording the event Local processing beings Initial report (alert) is issued via email to list of subscribers: will be earthquake report containing preliminary details + shakemap User then goes to www.bcsims.ca for ‘interactive’ map allowing to zoom to specific region and add information layers as necessary Further reports follow depending on what subscriber has chosen. These can be: Detailed earthquake report, details of individual stations Structure report: brief overview and more details of structure response and analysis Authorized users can then access more details on structures from the website.. Possible damage, peak response, etc. Summary of BCSIMS Operation

36. Strong Motion Event Report automatically generated by BCSIMS

37. Strong Motion Event Report automatically generated by BCSIMS

38. Strong Motion Event Report automatically generated by BCSIMS

39. BCISMS – Raw Data Download - www.bcsism.ca

40. Faster, more accurate field intelligence More effective deployment of resources Facilitate attention to structural & utility problems to avoid escalation Faster access to emergency services Reduced human cost Faster economic recovery Robust system Summary of Benefits

41. THANK YOU!