Semeiology De Saussure and Peirce slides.pptx

pragmatic

1. FERDINAND DE SAU1SURE CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE SEMIOLOGY Based on Müjgon Büyüktoş’ work

2. Soussure's SEMIOLOGY deols wifh spoken longuoge The sFudy of natural or human phenomena in Ferms of signs or signification. Signs, signifiers, and signifieds

3. SAUSSURE'S DEFINITION “The sign is the whole thot results from the ossociotion of the signifier with the signified" (Saussure) Signified ond Signifier ore both psychologicol (form rather than substoncej Soussure s model of the sign refers only t o a concept and not t o a thing

4. SAUSSURE'S SIGN DEFINITION

5. SAUSSURE'S DEFINITION Some signifier con stand for different signifieds depending on the context The link between signified and signifier is arbitrary (nothing ‘treeish about word ‘tree' No specific signifier is naturally’ more suited t o a signified than another

6. SIGNIFIED Concept of a tree SIGNIFIER: Word ‘tree’ Picture of a tree Pronunciation of ‘tree’

7. PEIRCIAN SEMIOLOGY deols with grophic representotions •A sign - something which stands to somebody for something else, in some respect or capacity Icon: A sign which means by virtue of resemblance to what it signifies. Signifier is perceived as resembling or imitating the signified. Eg. Pictures. mops, diagrams. Index: A sign which points to something else by virtue of a casual relationship. Signifier is directly connected in some way (physically or causally) to the signified. Eg. Smoke - fire, Mark on a termometer- body temperature. S bol Signifier does not resemble the sighed. It is fundamentally arbitrary or purely conventional. G - Euro. olphobeths.

8. SYMBOL (Both for Soussure ond Peirce) Symbols refer to objects by virtue of low, rule, custom, convention, trodition, culture, norm. No similority or cosuol link is suggested between the word free and the object it refers.

9. PEIRCEAN SEMIOTICS

10. INTERPRETANT The importonce of the interpretont for Peirce is thot significotion is not a simple dyodic relotionship between sign ond object: o sign signifies only in being interpreted. This mokes the interpretont centrol to the content of the sign, in thot, the meoning of o sign is monifest in the interpretotion thot it generotes in sign users.

11. PEIRCEAN SEMIOTICS Representomen — form which the sign takes (not necessarily material) to which the sign refers Object Interpretont — idea, interpretation in mind Every interpretont is itself a further sign the signified objecF. Since interpretonts ore the interpreting thoughts we hove of signifying relations, and these interpreting thoughts ore themselves signs, iF seems to be a straight- forward consequence thot all thoughts ore signs, or as Peirce calls them “thought- signs". incerpretant representamen

12. Semiology ond Literory Criticism Semiotics is importont becouse it con help us not to toke ‘reolity’ for granted as something hoving a purely objective existence which is independent of human interpretation Informotion or meoning is NOT contoined in the world We live in o world of signs and we hove no woy of understanding anything except through signs Deconstructing ond contesting the realities of signs con reveal whose realities ore privileged and whose ore supressed