Senna and Datura (Leaf).pptx

Biological Source
Morphology
Macroscopical Characters
Chemical Constituents
Uses

1. Leaf(Datura, Senna)

2. Datura ( Leaf ) Synonyms :- Dhatura Biological Source :- It consists of dried leaves of Datura metel Linn and other species of Datura , belonging to family Solanaceae . Geographical source:- It is found in India, England and other topical and subtropical regions. Morphological characteristics:- The drug has a characteristic but unpleasant odour and a bitter taste. The drug contains entire , broken wrinkled , crushed leaves along with stem fragments and floral parts. The entire leaf has length of 9 – 18 cm and width of 8 – 13 cm.

3. The leaf is covered with minute hairs , lower surface is slightly pale in colour and the leaf has a thin texture. The leaf is unequal at the base with acute apex and glabrous lamina. Each leaf has 3-4 coarse veins on each side and 4-6 secondary veins on either side of the midrib. Flowers are reddish-purple on outer side and whitish on inner side. Flowers are funnel shaped with pedicel which is never erect. The stems as well as branches of drug are purple coloured.

4. The epidermal cells of both sides show anisocytic stomata. The cells are covered with thin cuticle and glandular and non- glandular simple trichomes . 40% of lamina is occupied by single layer of palisade cells. Approximately 6-8 layers of spongy parenchymatous cells are present. Midrib shows vascular tissue with protoxylem and metaxylem . Stomatal index is 12.7 – 19.5 for upper surface and 21.2 -24 for lower surface. Palisade ratio is 3.5 -6.5 Spongy parenchyma contains calcium oxalate crystal.

5. Chemical Constituents Datura Leaf contains tropane alkaloids (up to 0.5%), Hyoscyamine , atropine ,hyoscine. Standards of quality :- Stems, fruits,flowers – Not more than 20% Foreign organic matter – Not more than 2% Acid-insoluble ash – Not more than 4% Uses :- Alkaloid hyoscine are parasympatholytic with anticholinergic and CNS depressent effects. It also used in treatment of asthma and cough. Hyoscine hydrobromide is used in motion sickness, gastric or ulcers.

6. Senna ( Leaf ) Synonyms:- Senna Leaf ,Cassia Senna. Biological source:- It consists of dried leaflets of Cassia angustifolia or cassia Senna vahl belonging to family Leguminosae . Geographical source:- Indian Senna is cultivated in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan. Macroscopic Characters:- Colour:- Yellowish – green Odour – slight Taste- Mucilaginous , bitter and characteristic Size- 7 to 8 mm in width and 25 to 60 mm in length. Shape – Leaves are lanceolate.

7. Chemical Constituents Senna Leaf contains anthraquinone Glycosides ( about 2.5%) , of which sennoside A and sennoside B are major. Uses:- It is used in purgative,