Sensors and Actuators in Arduino, Introduction

This presentation includes introduction to inputs snd outputs on arduino UNO.

1. Input/Output (Sensor and Actuators) Workshop on Arduino

2. Input/Output (Sensor and Actuators)  Input and Output State Input Output Data Input Output Sensors Actuators

3. Input/Output

4. Input/Output

5. Input/Output State Input

6. Input/Output Example Code // Switch test program int   ledPin  = 12;  // LED is connected to pin 12   int switchPin = 2;   // Switch connected to digital pin 2 int   val ;  // variable for reading the pin status   void   setup () {    pinMode ( ledPin ,  OUTPUT );  // Set the LED pin as output   pinMode ( switchPin ,  INPUT );  // Set the switch pin as input   }  void   loop (){    val  =  digitalRead ( switchPin );  // read input value and store it in  val    if ( val  ==  HIGH ) {  // check if the button is pressed    digitalWrite ( ledPin ,  HIGH );  // turn LED on    }   if  ( val  ==  LOW ) {  // check if the button is not pressed      digitalWrite ( ledPin ,  LOW );  // turn LED off    }  }

7. State input Pull Down and Pull up

8. State input Example code /* * Switch and LED test program */ int ledPin = 12; // LED is connected to pin 12 int switchPin = 2; // switch is connected to pin 2 int val ; // variable for reading the pin status void setup () {   pinMode ( ledPin , OUTPUT ); // Set the LED pin as output   pinMode ( switchPin , INPUT ); // Set the switch pin as input } void loop (){   val = digitalRead ( switchPin ); // read input value and store it in val  if ( val == LOW ) { // check if the button is pressed    digitalWrite ( ledPin , HIGH ); // turn LED on  }  if ( val == HIGH ) { // check if the button is not pressed    digitalWrite ( ledPin , LOW ); // turn LED off  } }

9. State Output D2

10. State Output

11. Input/Output Data Input Output

12. Data Input Output # include < dht.h > # include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h> LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd ( 0x27 , 16 , 2 ); dht DHT ; # define DHT11_PIN 2 void setup () {   lcd . init ();   lcd . clear ();   lcd . backlight (); // Make sure backlight is on } void loop () {  DHT . read11 ( DHT11_PIN );  int current_temp = DHT . temperature ;  int current_humi = DHT . humidity ;   lcd . setCursor ( , );   lcd . print ( "Temp: " );   lcd . print ( current_temp );   lcd . print (( char ) 223 ); //Shows degrees character   lcd . print ( "C" );   lcd . setCursor ( , 1 );   lcd . print ( "Humidity: " );   lcd . print ( current_humi );   lcd . print ( "%" );  delay ( 1000 ); }

13. Serial Library

14. Serial Library /* * Hello World! * * This is the Hello World! for Arduino. * It shows how to send data to the computer */ void setup () // run once, when the sketch starts {   Serial.begin (9600); // set up Serial library at 9600 bps } void loop () // run over and over again {   Serial.println ( "Hello world!" ); // prints hello with ending line break  delay (1000); }

15. Sensors

16. Sensors

17. Actuators

18. Serial Communication (UART communication)

19. Serial Communication /* * Hello World! * * This is the Hello World! for Arduino. * It shows how to send data to the computer */ void setup () // run once, when the sketch starts {   Serial.begin (9600); // set up Serial library at 9600 bps } void loop () // run over and over again {   Serial.println ( "Hello world!" ); // prints hello with ending line break  delay (1000); }

20. Serial Communication /* * Math is fun! */ int a = 5; int b = 10; int c = 20; void setup () // run once, when the sketch starts { Serial . begin (9600); // set up Serial library at 9600 bps Serial . println ( "Here is some math: " ); Serial . print ( "a = " ); Serial . println (a); Serial . print ( "b = " ); Serial . println (b); Serial . print ( "c = " ); Serial . println (c); Serial . print ( "a + b = " ); // add Serial . println (a + b); Serial . print ( "a * c = " ); // multiply Serial . println (a * c); Serial . print ( "c / b = " ); // divide Serial . println (c / b); Serial . print ( "b - c = " ); // subtract Serial . println (b - c); } void loop () { }

21. Serial Communication /* * Drive size calculator! */ int drive_gb = 5; int drive_mb ; void setup () // run once, when the sketch starts {   Serial.begin (9600); // set up Serial library at 9600 bps   Serial.print ( "Your HD is " );   Serial.print ( drive_gb );   Serial.println ( " GB large." );   drive_mb = 1024 * drive_gb ;   Serial.print ( "It can store " );   Serial.print ( drive_mb );   Serial.println ( " Megabytes!" ); } void loop () // we need this to be here even though its empty { }

22. Serial Communication Type Size (bits) Size (bytes) Minimum Value Maximum Value unsigned byte 8 1 255 byte 8 1 -128 127 unsigned int 16 2 65535 int 16 2 -32768 32767 unsigned long 32 4 4294967295 long 32 4 -2147483648 2147483647

23. Serial Communication /* * Drive size calculator! */ int drive_gb = 100; long drive_mb ;  long drive_kb ; long real_drive_mb ;  long real_drive_kb ; void setup() // run once, when the sketch starts {   Serial.begin (9600); // set up Serial library at 9600 bps   Serial.print ("Your HD is ");   Serial.print ( drive_gb );   Serial.println (" GB large.");   drive_mb = drive_gb ;   drive_mb = drive_mb * 1024;   drive_kb = drive_mb * 1024;   Serial.print ("In theory, it can store ");   Serial.print ( drive_mb );     Serial.print (" Megabytes, ");   Serial.print(drive_kb);    Serial.println (" Kilobytes.");    real_drive_mb  =  drive_gb ;    real_drive_mb  =  real_drive_mb  * 1000;    real_drive_kb  =  real_drive_mb  * 1000;   Serial.print ("But it really only stores ");    Serial.print ( real_drive_mb );    Serial.print (" Megabytes, ");    Serial.print ( real_drive_kb );    Serial.println (" Kilobytes.");    Serial.print ("You are missing ");    Serial.print ( drive_kb  -  real_drive_kb );    Serial.println (" Kilobytes!"); } void loop() // run over and over again { } ​

24. Serial Communication (UART communication)

25. Serial Communication (UART communication) //Transmitter and Recevier   int button = 7;  int LED = 8; char message; // message character  void setup() {    Serial.begin (9600); // start communication    pinMode (button, INPUT); // input button 1    pinMode (LED, OUTPUT); // input button 2 }  void loop() {    digitalWrite (LED,LOW);   if ( Serial.available ()) // while message received   {   message = Serial.read (); // read message    if (message == '1') // if the message contain character one   {      digitalWrite (LED, HIGH); // switch led one ON   }  }  ​  if (digitalRead(button)==HIGH) // while button is pushed ​  { ​   Serial.write('1'); // send this Character ​  } ​ delay(20); // delay before sending next message ​ }​

26. I2C Communication

27. I2C Communication

28. I2C Communication // Master Code #include < wire.h > int x = 0; void setup() { // Start the I2C Bus as Master   Wire.begin (); } void loop() {   Wire.beginTransmission (9); // transmit to device #9   Wire.write (x); // sends x   Wire.endTransmission (); // stop transmitting  x++; // Increment x  if (x > 5) x = 0; // `reset x once it gets 6 delay(500); }

29. I2C Communication // Slave Code #include < Wire.h >
int LED = 13;
int x = 0;
void setup() {
   pinMode (LED, OUTPUT);  // Define the LED pin as Output    Wire.begin (9);   // Start the I2C Bus as Slave on address 9    // Attach a function to trigger when something is received.   Wire.onReceive ( receiveEvent );   }
void receiveEvent (int bytes) {
  x = Wire.read ();    // read one character from the I2C
}
void loop() {
  if (x == '0') {  //If value received is 0 blink LED for 200  ms     digitalWrite (LED, HIGH);
    delay(200);
    digitalWrite (LED, LOW);
    delay(200);
  } ​   //If value received is 3 blink LED for 400 ms ​   if (x == '3') { ​     digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); ​     delay(400); ​     digitalWrite(LED, LOW); ​     delay(400); ​   } ​ } ​

30. SPI Communication (Serial Peripheral Interface)

31. SPI Communication (Serial Peripheral Interface)

32. SPI Communication (Serial Peripheral Interface) // Master Code   #include < SPI.h > void setup ( void ) {   Serial . begin ( 115200 ); //set baud rate to 115200 for usart   digitalWrite ( SS , HIGH ); // disable Slave Select     SPI . begin ();     SPI . setClockDivider ( SPI_CLOCK_DIV8 ); //divide the clock by 8 } void loop ( void ) {  char c ;   digitalWrite ( SS , LOW ); // enable Slave Select // send test string  for ( const char * p = "Hello, world!\r" ; c = * p ; p ++) {    SPI . transfer ( c );    Serial . print ( c );  } digitalWrite ( SS , HIGH ); // disable Slave Select delay ( 2000 ); }

33. SPI Communication (Serial Peripheral Interface) // Slave Code #include < SPI.h > char buff [ 50 ]; volatile byte indx ; volatile boolean process ; void setup ( void ) {    Serial . begin ( 115200 );    pinMode ( MISO , OUTPUT ); // have to send on master in so it set as output    SPCR |= _BV ( SPE ); // turn on SPI in slave mode    indx = ; // buffer empty    process = false ;    SPI . attachInterrupt (); // turn on interrupt } ISR ( SPI_STC_vect ) // SPI interrupt routine {    byte c = SPDR ; // read byte from SPI Data Register    if ( indx < sizeof buff ) {       buff [ indx ++] = c ; // save data in the next index in the array buff       if ( c == '\r' ) //check for the end of the word       process = true ;

34. SPI Communication (Serial Peripheral Interface)     } } void  loop  ( void )   {     if   ( process )   {       process =   false ;   //reset the process        Serial . println   ( buff );   //print the array on serial monitor        indx =   ;   //reset button to zero     } }

35. Some Arduino Projects Arduino-based Home Automation System Smart Irrigation Project Human Following Robot Fire Fighter Robot Medicine Reminder using Arduino Arduino-based Weather Station Digital Thermometer using Arduino Arduino-based Security System LED Light Device using Arduino Soil Moisture Monitoring Arduino Automation Systems using Arduino Arduino-based Clock with Alaram Door Lock System with Arduino Arduino Nano BLE 33 Sense Game Controller Color Detection using TCS-3200 and LCD Display Touch Dimmer circuit Precise Motor speed measurement Gas Detector Arduino project Security System using Ultrasonic Sensor Water flow and volume measurement