SENSORS clssifications and types of transducers.pptx

Sensors and its types

1. SENSORS DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSDUCERS

2. Refers to performance of the transducer when it is subjected to time varying input. Transient state Steady State Periodic Dynamic inputs

3. Transducer can be categorized in to Zero Order Transducer First Order Transducer Second Order Transducer Higher Order Transducer

4. Test Input Signal

5. Zero Order Transducer A zero-order transducer is a system that exhibits ideal dynamic performance and has no limit on frequency response. Here are some characteristics of zero-order transducers:  Output: The output of a zero-order system is proportional to the input. The output is always equal to the input multiplied by a constant of proportionality.  Response: A zero-order system responds to an input instantly.  Dynamic response error: A zero-order instrument has no dynamic response error.  Bandwidth: A zero-order system has infinite bandwidth without a change in the amplification constant.

6. First order Transducer First-order transducers are instruments that have a dynamic response that can be expressed in a specific equation. Here are some characteristics of first-order transducers:  Time delay - First-order transducers have a time delay between the output and a time-varying input.  Response - In one time constant, the response of a first-order transducer reaches 63.2% of its final value. It takes four time constants for the response to be within 2% of the final value.  Ideal condition - A first-order instrument approaches the ideal condition when τ tends to zero.  An example of a first-order transducer is a thermometer or thermocouple, which must undergo a heat transfer process to respond to a changing input temperature.