Sentence structure and conjunction .ppt

Grammar

1. Sentence Structure

2. Sentence
A group of words giving a complete thought.
Sentence consists of clauses which can be broken down into phrases and individual
words.

3. Basic Elements of Every Sentence
SUBJECT PREDICATE

4. Basic Elements
Mary plays tennis.
SUBJECT PREDICATE

5. Phrases
DEFINITION : Group of related
words that act like one word.
DO NOT have subjects OR verbs.
DO NOT form complete thoughts.
CANNOT stand alone.
Example:
The gym at the end of the street is
new.

6. Phrases Example
after the party
because of the rain
in the car at the mall
starting with the rules
between classes
near the park entrance

7. Clause
•A clause consists of a subject and a verb.
•There are two types;
1.Independent: This can stand alone as a complete sentence.
2.Subordinate/ Dependent: This cannot stand alone as a complete
sentence

8. Independent Clause
DEFINITION : An independent (or
main clause) expresses a
complete thought.
It can stand by itself as a sentence.
It has both a subject and a verb.

9. INDEPENDENT CLAUSES EXAMPLES
•She ate dinner.
•Kevin went to the movies.
•Travis and Eric gave
donations to help others.
•Savannah collected money.
•Caleb wandered off.
•Mercy offered us a ticket.

10. Subordinate Clause
DEFINITION : A subordinate (or
dependent clause) does NOT
express a complete thought.
It does have a subject
and a verb, BUT… it cannot stand
alone as a sentence.

11. Subordinate Clause
•The meaning of a subordinate
clause is only complete after the
clause is attached to an independent
clause.

12. Subordinate Clauses
•after Kedon ate dinner
•because Mary saved the
drowning girl
•when Brittanie gave a party
•that we thought was right
•before Jarred left the room
•whom Coach Burr knew

13. HOW TO TELL THE DIFFERENCE…
Independent
(main)
Clause
Subordinat
e
(dependent
)
Clause
Phrase
Has a
subject
and verb
Forms a
complete
thought
Can stand
alone
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES

14. CLAUSE OR PHRASE? IDENTIFY.
•to the park in the city
•after the winning run was hit
•when we gave the children their gifts
•before the early show
•from the grocery store to the mall
•between the two cities on the map
•whenever we feel like having chili
•since we cannot go to the ballgame

15. CLAUSE AND PHRASE ANSWERS
•to the park in the city (phrase)
•after the winning run was hit (clause)
•when we gave the children their gifts (clause)
•before the early show (phrase)
•from the grocery store to the mall (phrase)
•between the two cities on the map (phrase)
•whenever we feel like having chili (clause)
•since we can not go to the ballgame (clause)

16. INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT CLAUSE
PRACTICE
•We hated the pizza because it tasted like cardboard.
•After we threatened to hurt them, they gave us the answers
to the test.
•Emily can not do her homework until she watches her
favorite television show.
•Since the car does not run well, the mechanic did a quick
check-up.

17. Sentence Types
There are three types of sentences we will study in this
lesson:
- Simple Sentence
- Compound Sentence
- Complex Sentence

18. The Simple Sentence
A simple sentence has one independent clause (one subject and a
verb):
I live in San Francisco.
Subject
Verb

19. Simple Sentence
•A simple sentence contains a subject and verb.
•It expresses a single complete thought.
•A simple sentence is a single independent clause.

20. SIMPLE SENTENCE
Mary plays tennis.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
one subject one predicate

21. Simple Sentence
play tennis.Tom and Mary
Compound Subject
&

22. Simple Sentence
play tennis and
swim.
Tom and Mary
Compound Subject Compound Predicate
&
&

23. Compound Sentence
A compound sentence contains two
independent clauses that are joined
together.
She works in the city, but she lives in the suburbs.
Independent
Clause
Independent
Clause

24. Compound Sentence
You can make a compound sentence
by joining two logically related
independent clauses by using…
- a semicolon
- a coordinating conjunction
- a transition

25. Using a Semicolon
Independent Clause ; Independent Clause
I love living in the city ; there are so many things to do.
Independent
Clause
Independent
Clause

26. Using a Coordinating Conjunction
Independent Clause ,coordinating conjunction Independent Clause
He couldn’t watch the show , so he decided to
tape it.
Independent
Clause
Independent
Clause

27. Coordinating Conjunctions
Logical Relationship Coordinating
Conjunction
Addition And
Contrast But, yet
Choice Or, nor
Cause For
Result So

28. FANBOYS
For  F
And  A
Nor  N
But  B
Or  O
Yet  Y
So  S
Another way to remember these is…

29. CAUTION!
Do NOT use a comma every time you use the words
and, or, but, nor, for, so, yet. Use a comma only
when the coordinating conjunction joins two
independent clauses.

Independent
Clause
No comma- not an
independent clause
The necklace was beautiful but expensive.
Simple Sentence

30. Using a Transition
Independent Clause ; transition , Independent Clause
I love San Francisco ; however, I hate the traffic.
Independent
Clause
Independent
Clause
Click here to see lists of
transitions.

31. John cannot set up his typewriter
because the wall has no
outlet.
Complex Sentences
A complex sentence contains at least one
independent clause and one dependent
clause.
Independent Clause
Dependent ClauseSubordinating
Conjunction

32. Example- Complex Sentence
A complex sentence contains at least one
independent clause and one dependent
clause.
She will go to school in the city
until she finds a job.
Independent Clause
Dependent ClauseSubordinating
Conjunction

33. When I first moved to the city,
I was afraid to drive the steep and narrow streets.
Complex Sentences
Use a comma after a dependent clause if it
begins the sentence.
Subordinating
Conjunction
Independent
Clause
Use a comma if
the dependent
clause is the first
part of the
sentence.

34. TEST YOURSELF – SIMPLE, COMPOUND, OR
COMPLEX?
1. The teacher walked into the classroom, greeted the students, and took attendance.
2. Juan played football while Jane went shopping.
3. Juan played football, yet Jim went shopping.
4. The island was filled with many trails winding through the thick underbrush, a small lake,
and dangerous wild animals.
5. The bell rang.
6. Bridget ran the first part of the race, and Tara biked the second part.
7. He stands at the bottom of the cliff while the climber moves up the rock.
8. The skier turned and jumped.
9. Because Kayla has so much climbing experience , we asked her to lead our group.
10. You and I need piano lessons.
11. I planned to go to the baseball game, but I couldn’t get tickets.

35. Relationship Transition
Addition Moreover
Furthermore
In addition
besides
Reinforcement/Emphasis Indeed
In fact
Contrast However On the contrary
In contrast On the other hand
Result or Effect Consequently Accordingly
Thus Hence
Therefore As a result

36. Reinforcement/Emphasis Indeed
In fact
Exemplification For example
For instance
In particular
Time Meanwhile (at the same time)
Subsequently (after)
Thereafter (after)
Relationship Transition