Serial vs Parallel communication & Synchronous and Asynchronous transmission

A difference between Serial and parallel communication & Synchronous and Asynchronous transmission with examples, advantages and disadvantages.

1. Serial vs parallel communication & synchronous & asynchronous data transmission Raushan panjiyar – 21430 Rohan mistry - 21432 pranjal yadav - 214 2 5 naazneen sayed - 214 7

2. O V E R V I EW OF THE P R E S E N T A T ION Serial Communication Advantages & Disadvantage Parallel Communication Advantages & Disadvantage Difference Between Serial & Parallel Synchronous Data Transmission Advantages & Disadvantage Asynchronous Data Transmission Advantages & Disadvantage

3. Serial transmission In Serial Transmission, the bits of a byte are serially transmitted one after other. The shift register is used for serial transmission The byte to be transmitted is the first stored in a shift register. Then these bits are shifted from MSB to LSB bit by bit in synchronization with the clock. Bits are shifted right by one by one position per clock cycle. As an advantage only one wire is used in serial transmission between the transmitter and the receiver.

4. Serial transmission

5. Modes of serial communication .

6. In simple transmissions, the computer can only send data. There is only one wire. If the data can be transmission and received, then it is a duplex transmission Duplex transmission can be half or full duplex depending on whether or not the data transfer can be simultaneous If the communication is only one way at a time, it is half duplex If both sides can communicate at the same time, it is full duplex Full duplex requires two wire conductors for the data lines Modes of serial communication

7. Only one wire is required Reduction is cost due to less number of conductor wire It is the most used method for long distance data transfers Advantages of serial transmission

8. Since there is only one line of transmission therefore the speed of transmission is quite slow If we have to increase the speed of data transfer then it is necessary to increase the clock frequency. But there ia a limit of clock frequency. disAdvantages of serial transmission

9. Serial transmission has two categories: Synchronous data transmission Asynchronous data transmission Types of serial transmission

10. Synchronous events means events which happen at the same clock rate. Synchronous transmission is carried out under the control of a common master clock. Here the bits which are being transmitted as Synchronous to the same reference clock. The stream of bits is combined into bigger frames which may comprise more than one byte. Each byte is transmitted without gap between the next byte. No start and stop bits are used instead the bytes are transmitted as a block in a continuous stream of bits. Synchronous transmission

11. The receivers operates at the same clock frequency as that of transmitted. The data is send in blocks ( we can call these blocks as frames or packets) spaced by fixed time intervals. It is the duty of receiver to separate the bits send in group There is an inter block idle time which also is filled with idle characters. Ways to find the solution to the problem of error in transmission because of loss in synchronization is to include re-Synchronization of the clock and use of check digit to ensure the byte in correctly interpreted and received Synchronous transmission

12. The main advantage is speed. The speed of transmission is much higher than that asynchronous transmission. This is due to the absence of gaps between the data units and absence of start stop bits. Timing errors are reduced due to synchronization. Advantages of Synchronous transmission

13. The timing is very important. The accuracy of the received data is dependent entirely on the ability of the receiver to count the received bits accurately. The transmitter and receiver have to operate at the same clock frequency. This requires proper synchronization which makes the system complicated. disAdvantages of Synchronous transmission

14. It is called asynchronous because timing of the signal is not an issue. The information can be send & received as par mutual agreement of the sender & receiver. A synchronous transmission is at byte level only because transmission of bits is always synchronized. aSynchronous data transmission

15. Asynchronous transmission is eased by two bits, namely start bit as ‘0’ & stop bit as ‘1’. We send ‘0’ bit to start the communication & ‘1’ bit to stop the transmission. There can be a time delay between communication of two bytes. Only one byte is send at a time. After a gap of time next byte is transmitted. The transmitter and receiver may function at different clock frequencies. Asynchronous transmission is mostly used by asynchronous modems. aSynchronous transmission

16. It is a flexible data transmission method. Synchronization between the transmitter and receiver is not necessary. It is possible to transmit signals from the sources having different bit rates. The transmission can commence as soon as the data byte to be transmitted becomes available. This mode of transmission is easy to implement. It is an effective scheme. Advantages of aSynchronous transmission

17. Additional bits called start and stop bits are required to be used. The timing error may take place because it is difficult to determine synchronicity. It has slower transmission rate. disAdvantages of aSynchronous transmission

18. In data transmission, parallel communication is  a method of conveying multiple binary digits (bits) simultaneously . It contrasts with serial communication, which conveys only a single bit at a time; this distinction is one way of characterizing a communications link. Parallel communication

19. Parallel communication

20. It offers fast data communication between devices compare to serial interface. advantages of Parallel transmission

21. It supports short distance communication between devices. This is due to crosstalk between the parallel lines . It uses more wires compare to serial interface and hence it is costly and a bit complex to implement. disadvantages of Parallel transmission

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