Series Parallel Circuit presentation for schools and kids

this presentation describes how series parallel circuit works and how to make these circuits in a very simple and easy way according to understanding of a kid. It's a very use full presentation for school to demonstrate how series and parallel circuits works.
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1. |
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|
AAAS

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F2

Connect the battery to the bulb as shown here.
Put a croc lead from the + battery terminal to one

of the bulb terminals.

Take another croc lead from the - battery terminal
to the other bulb terminal

The bulb lights up!

2. Add a switch to the
circuit,

Try the switch in this circuit.

The bulb will only come on when the switch is in the
correct porition.

Switches are very useful. They make it easy to turn
Circuits on and off safely.

3. Long

LED
Short

A

pS
7

The switch is an easy way to open and close
the circuit - tum the LED on and off

We use switches in lots of buildings,
equipment, cars - almost everywhere there is
electricity!

The special symbol for a switch is: =

4. Connect the circuit
This time you use yourself
as part of the circuit!

Gently grip a yellow croc
clip in each hand

The more sweaty your
fingers, the brighter the
LED glows!

Try holding hands in a ring
of people to make the
circuit

How bright is the LED?

This will not work except with very special sensitive
LEDs, The blue one in the pack will work - it has a clear
plastic case

We all conduct electricity as can be seen in this circuit

5. Long

Short

Make your own circuit board using some cardboard and a 7B
pencil.

You can make holes in the carboard like a real pcb. Join the
holes up using thick pencil lines.

What makes the LED change brightness?

Thick short lines are brightest. Thin long lines are darkest -
maybe even too dark to see any light from the LED at all!

6. Connect the circuit.
Clip the yellow croc
leads onto a thick

piece of tissue Make the tissue paper damp
with a bit of water.
Make sure the water spreads
right along the tissue. Do not
put too much water on - do not
make the paper very soggy.

Sprinkle a little salt on the
tissue paper. What happens?

7. Resistors conduct electricity, but
not as well as wires.

They are made to control the exact
amount of electricity flowing in a
circuit.

They come in many different values and have
colours on them to show what value they are.

8. Try the switch in this circuit.

Only one LED will come on ata
time.

9. Potentiometer N

Li
AN

>
LED

u

Try this circuit with a
potentiometer.

Tum the potentiometer back
and forth

One LED brighter as the other
gets darker.

10. y
À

/ Try the switch in this circuit

Only one bulb will come on
ata time.

11. Resistors conduct electricity, but
not as well as wires.

They are made to control the exact
amount of electricity flowing in a
circuit.

They come in many different values and have
colours on them to show what value they are.

12. LED
Long Va |

How do you think these switches will work? Try them.
Write down how they work.

These switches are in series. Both switches must be on
to make the LED come on.

13. LED
Long Short

How do you think these switches will work? Try them. White down
what happens.

These switches are in parallel. If either switch is on, then the LED
will come on

14. Try the switches in this circuit. Try and write
LED down how they work together. Do you have
Long Short switches in your house or school that work
like this? It is a very common but special

wae

15. The reed switch is sensitive to magnet fields.
The reed switch is made of very thin
glass that breaks easily.

So be very carefull

when holding and
connecting to the reed
switch, so as not to
break it.

Make the circuit with
the reed switch in
like this.

Put a magnet close to
the reed switch, What
happens?

How close does the
magnet have to be to
make the switch?

How do you think the reed switch works?
How is made sensitive to magnetic fields?

16. LED
Long Short

If you put two resitors in line in the
circuit as shown here, then the
LED will not be as bright as with
a single resitor of the same.
value

Half the amount of electricity will
flow through the circuit
compared to a single resistor of
the same value.

17. LED
Long Short

UL
NS

SNS
Il
HE

Putting two resitors in parallel as
shown in the circuit here, will
double the amount of electricity
flowing, compared to a single
resistor of the smae value

18. Apotentiometer is a Potentiometer

resistor that you can
vary. If you tum its shaft the

resistance changes.

A

NH
CI
ZT

>
Se LED

Short
Try this circuit with a

potentiometer.
Tum the potentiometer back
and forth,

The LED gets brighter and darker as you tum the
potentiometer from one side to the other.

19. Charge circuit 1

5

Discharge circuit 2

LED

u

Se
Î
REN

Capacitors are used in electronic
circuits to store electricity. There
are two circuits here

The first circuit is used to charge up
the capacitor.

The second circuit flashes the LED
by putting the small amount of
electricty that was stored in itin the
first circuit through the LEO.

20. Long

LED
Short

Capacitors are used in electronic
Circuits to store electricity. This is
not always easy to show in a simple
circuit

This circuit will flash the LED once
when the circuit is first connected.

The capacitor will then be charged
up. The capacitor can then be
reconnected without the battery,
straight to an LED, and the LED will
flash.

21. Putting two capacitors in series as
shown in the circuit here, will halve

the time the electricity flows for,
compared to a single capacitor of
the same value.

22. LED
Long Short

Putting two capacitors in parallel
as shown in the circuit here, will
double the time the electricity
flows for, compared to a single
capacitor of the same value.

23. LED
Long ‘snort

Connect the circuit.
Use an LDR - Light Dependant Resistor.
What do you think it will do?

Shine a light on the LDR. What happens to
the LED?

Put the LDR in the dark - use your hands to
cup around it to make it dark. What happens
tothe LED?

24. Collector

Transistor

Connect a transistor as shown. Note carefully
which pin is which. They have to be
connected the right way round. The emitter is
next to the sticking out tab of metal.

The tranistor is a very sensistive switch, and
is controlled from the base connection,

25. Collector
Base
Transistor

<2)

LDR

26. LED Very carefully, cut the top off a transistor.
Have a look inside. Thereisavery .
Long Short small block with some even smaller wires
coming from it, The block is the transistor
The leads on the outside, and the metal
can make it easy to connect to and hold.

Transistor

With the lid off, connect the transistor as in the circuit
above. You do not need to connect the base wire

Now shine a light or better still, aim a remote control for
a TV into it, and press a button on the remote. What
happens?

The LED flashes to the signal received by the transistor
from the remote. The transistor is also sensitive to light!

28. How do we connect to chips?

First we need to know what its model
number is. This is often printed on the top of
the device

What does this do?

You need to know what circuit is
inside the chip?

It has an ID on it - this tells you
what data sheet to look at.

17770

Th

Without this - it is just a pretty
thing but not useable!

Then you need to read its data sheet to find
out what it does.
Then you can work out how to connect to it

29. FM
9 CONTROL VOLTAGE

THRESHOLD ©

TRIGGER O

RESET ©

DISCHARGE