Serotonin syndrom

Serotonin syndrom

1. Serotonin syndrom Dr mohammud ibraheem

2. Serotonin syndrome symptoms Mild symptoms Nervousness. Nausea, vomiting. Diarrhea. Dilated pupils. Tremor.

3. Serotonin syndrome symptoms Moderate symptoms Agitation, restlessness. Muscle twitching, involuntary muscle contractions, muscle spasms, muscle rigidity. Sweating, shivering. Abnormal (side-to-side) eye movements.

4. Serotonin syndrome symptoms Severe symptoms Confusion, disorientation, delirium. Rapid heart rate. High blood pressure. High body temperature [38.5 Celsius]. Seizures. Abnormal heartbeat. Passing out, fainting.

5. Mechanisms Drug mechanisms: Inhibition of serotonin reuptake Inhibition of serotonin metabolism Increased serotonin synthesis Agonism of the serotonin receptor

6. Causes serotonin syndrome Antidepressants Antidepressants are the most commonly used medications that affect serotonin levels. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs ): fluoxetine, citalopram, sertraline, paroxetine and escitalopram . This drug class is the most common antidepressant class involved in serotonin syndrome due to its widespread use. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): This class includes duloxetine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine , levomilnacipran and milnacipran . Tricyclic antidepressants : amitriptyline, clomipramine, nortriptyline , desipramine , doxepin, imipramine and trimipramine . Monoamine oxidase inhibitors : phenelzine , selegiline and tranylcypromine. Serotonin modulators : nefazodone and trazodone . Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor : bupropion.

7. Causes serotonin syndrome Other medications Other medications affect serotonin level, especially when combined with other drugs that affect serotonin. These medications treat: Severe pain : Drugs in this category include opioids like tramadol, meperidine , tapentadol , hydrocodone, oxycodone, fentanyl and methadone. Coughing : Over-the-counter (OTC) cough and cold medications containing dextromethorphan. Migraine headaches : almotriptan , eletriptan , frovatriptan , rizatriptan , sumatriptan and zolmitriptan . HIV/AIDS : Ritonavir. Antibiotic : Linezolid. Anti-nausea medications : Metoclopramide, granisetron , droperidol and ondansetron . Mood stabilizer : Lithium.

8. Causes serotonin syndrome Other products Other herbal and dietary supplements and illegal substances that affect serotonin levels: Herbal supplements: ginseng, St. John’s wort , Syrian rue and nutmeg. Illegal substances: ecstasy, LSD, cocaine, amphetamines and methamphetamines. Dietary supplement: Tryptophan.

9. Treatment Treatment depends on the severity. Mild symptoms: stopping the medication or changing the dose. symptoms go away within 24 to 72 hours. Moderate symptoms: hospital observation for at least 24 hours. Severe symptoms: admittion to the intensive care unit (ICU).

10. Treatment Drugs used : A sedative, such as benzodiazepine IV fluids Oxygen through a mask Medications to control heart rate and blood pressure. Mechanical ventilation, sedation and muscle paralysis to reduce extremely high fever [41.1 Celsius]. Cyproheptadine , a histamine-1 receptor antagonist and a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, if other treatments aren’t working . Antipsychotics should be used with caution because neuroleptic malignant syndrome may be mistaken for serotonin syndrome.

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