SESSION 1 Basic-Counseling-Skills--.pptx

To identify the few mistaken assumptions in counseling; To identify who needs counseling; To be familiar with the things to consider as a counselor

1. Basic Counseling Skills AILYN T. TARIMAN Discussant

2. Objectives: To identify the few mistaken assumptions in counseling. To identify who needs counseling To be familiar with the things to consider as a counselor To introduce the basic counseling skills of a counselor To understand the importance of counselling skills of a counselor

3. KNOWING WHAT YOU ALREADY KNOW! Situation: Marky was reported by the canteen manager of snagging something from the school canteen without paying IDENTIFY THE COUNSELING SKILLS USED BY THE COUNSELOR

4. COUNSELING The provision of assistance and guidance in resolving personal, social, or psychological problems and difficulties 

5. Who needs counseling? Counseling is for everyone

6. EXTERNAL SIGNS OF PERSONS NEEDING COUNSELING

7. BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS - Yawning - Talking too fast/loud - Nail biting - Grinding teeth - Drumming fingers - Over reacting Emotional Defensive Irritable Irrational Hostile Critical aggressive

8. Common Emotional Symptoms Fear Anxiety Grief Guilt Shame Hopelessness Isolation Sense of betrayal (Trauma Informed Care Module – 2015)

9. Common Physiological Symptoms Body’s Reaction Pupils dilate Heart rate increases Blood pressure rises Breathing faster Digestion slows down Muscles tense, ready for action Effect Blurred vision Palpitations, heart pounding Light-headed Dry mouth, short of breath Indigestion, butterflies, nausea Tremor, jelly legs

10. Performance and Social Symptoms Reduced effectiveness at work/study Accident prone Forgetful Pessimist Hygienic problem Judgmental Poor judgement Prone to mistakes

11. A few mistaken assumptions Counselors listen to peoples problems and then give them sound advice. The more questions we ask, the more information we will obtain. Agreement and sympathy are the same as empathy. Positive thinking is the same as rational thinking- “you need to believe in yourself” Guidance Counselors are the disciplining officer in schools

12. In counseling… Helping people solve their own problems through providing encouragement, support, and challenge. Phenomenological- rather than assuming we know clients’ feeling and thoughts, we strive to understand their subjective world.

13. Counselor know thyself Why are you choosing to help this person? With what issues are you uncomfortable? With what emotions are you uncomfortable? How will you handle students feelings toward you (transference). How will you handle your feelings toward them (countertransference). Can you be accepting, flexible, gentle? What amount of progress is acceptable to you?

14. Basic Counseling Skills Some of the most important counseling techniques you are likely to use in your counseling sessions. Listening/Observing Empathy Genuineness Unconditional Positive Regards Counselor Self-Disclosure Reflection Asking Questions

15. Listening/Observing “We think we listen, but very rarely do we listen with real understanding, true empathy. Yet listening, of this very special kind, is one of the most potent forces for change that I know” Carl Rogers

16. Listening/Observing Listening is one of the most valuable counseling skills in the therapeutic relationship. It can be used in three ways: Attending : Attending is the ability to be physically present for the client. It means giving them your undivided attention and making appropriate eye contact, mirroring body language, and nodding. These attending behaviors show your client that you care. In fact, according to Kevin J. Drab, approximately 80% of communication takes place non-verbally.

17. Listening/Observing To communicate that you are indeed listening or attending to the client, you need to the following “ 3Vs + B” 1. V isual / eye contact. Look at people when you speak. 2. V ocal qualities. Communicate warmth and interest with your voice. 3. V erbal tracking. Track the client’s story. Don’t change the subject, stay with the clients. 4. B ody Language / facial expression. Be attentive and genuine. Face clients naturally, lean slightly forward, have an expressive face, and use facilitative, and encouraging gesture.

18. Listening/Observing For example: Client: I’m so confused. I can’t decide between a ABM and HUMSS. Counselor: (nonattending) Tell me about your hobbies. What do you like to do? or What are your grades? Counselor: (attending) Tell me more or You feel confused? Or Could you tell me a little about how each subject interest you? Or opportunities in ABM are promising now. Could you explore that field a bit more? or How would you like to go about making decision?

19. Listening/Observing Active listening : Active listening occurs when you are listening with all of your senses. According to the  Perinatal Mental Health , active listening involves listening with your body, heart, ears, eyes, and mouth. ACTIVE LISTENING

20. Listening/Observing Verbal listening : This is a form of showing you are listening through the words that you use. These  verbal cues are used to show attention and to encourage more exploration . This can be as simple as ‘yes’, or ‘go on’. It can also be in the form of paraphrasing or repeating a word of emotion that the client has just said.

21. EMPATHY “To empathize is to see with the eyes of another, to hear with the ears of another, and to feel with the heart of another” Anonymous Empathy is the ability to put yourself in someone else’s shoes. It is much more than sympathy in that you are able to show your understanding of your clients feeling surrounding an experience.

22. EMPATHY 3 types of Empathic Understanding: 1. Subtractive empathy. Counselor responses give back to the client less than what the client stated, and perhaps even distorted what has been said. In this case the listening or influencing skills are used inappropriately.

23. EMPATHY For example: Client: I don’t know what to do. I’ve gone over this problem again in again. My boyfriend just doesn’t seem to understand that I don’t really care any longer. He just keeps trying in the same boring way – but it doesn’t seems worth bothering with him anymore. Level 1 Empathy . (subtractive) That’s not a very good way to talk. I think you ought to consider his feelings, too. (slightly subtractive) Seems like you’ve just about given up on him. You don’t want to try anymore. (interpreting the negative)

24. EMPATHY 3 types of Empathic Understanding: 2. Basic empathy . Counselor responses are roughly interchangeable with those of the client. The counselor is able to say back accurately what the client has said.

25. EMPATHY For example: Level 2 Empathy . (basic empathy or interchangeable response) You’ve discouraged and confused. You’ve worked over the issues with your boyfriend, but se just doesn’t understand. At the moment, you feel he’s not worth bothering with. You really don’t care. (Hearing the client accurately is the place to start all empathic understanding.) Client: I don’t know what to do. I’ve gone over this problem again in again. My boyfriend just doesn’t seem to understand that I don’t really care any longer. He just keeps trying in the same boring way – but it doesn’t seems worth bothering with him anymore.

26. EMPATHY 3 types of Empathic Understanding: 3. Additive empathy . Counselor responses that add something beyond what the client has said. This may be adding a link to something the client has said earlier, or it may be congruent idea or frame of reference that helps the client see a new perspective.

27. EMPATHY For example: Level 3 Empathy . (slightly additive) You’ve gone over the problem with him again and again to the point that you don’t really care right now. You’ve tried hard. What does this mean to you? (The question adds the possibility of the client’s thinking in new ways, but the client still is in charge of the conversation) Client: I don’t know what to do. I’ve gone over this problem again in again. My boyfriend just doesn’t seem to understand that I don’t really care any longer. He just keeps trying in the same boring way – but it doesn’t seems worth bothering with him anymore.

28. EMPATHY For example: Level 3 Empathy . (additive and perhaps transformational) I sense your hurt and confusion and that right now you really don’t care anymore. Given what you’ve told me, your thoughts and feelings make a lot of sense to me. At the same time, you had a reason for trying so hard. You’ve talked about some deep feelings of caring for him in the past. How do you put that together right now with what you are feeling? (A summary with a mild self-disclosure. The question helps the client develop her own integration and meanings of the issue at the moment )

29. GENUINENESS Ability of counselor to be freely themselves. Includes congruence between outer words/behaviors and inner feelings; non-defensiveness; non-role-playing; and being unpretentious. For example, if the counselor claims that they are comfortable helping a client explore a drug or sexual issue, but their behavior (verbally and nonverbally) shows signs of discomfort with the topic this will become an obstacle to progress and often lead to client confusion about and mistrust of the helper.

30. GENUINENESS Qualities of genuineness include  being honest, sincere, and open and an absence of phoniness and defensiveness . This allows the client to be comfortable and increases the chance for valuable inquiry and self-awareness. Genuineness: Being genuine is the process of creating congruence between what you think and what you do, including verbal and nonverbal cues. Genuineness is essential for all forms of counseling  to build a solid foundation of trust between yourself and your clients Why genuineness is important to counseling?

31. UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARDS Unconditional positive regard means  offering compassion to people even if they have done something wrong . A counselor practicing unconditional positive regard would respond with compassion to a person in treatment who may have lied or mistreated a friend. A ccepting and supporting your client exactly as they are, without evaluating or judging them.

32. UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARDS An environment of unconditional positive regard benefits the client in the following ways: When the counselor offers no judgement the client feels less fearful and can share their thoughts, feelings, and actions freely. As the counselor accepts the client, the client is encouraged to find self-acceptance. The counselor allows the client space to think for themselves instead of using questions designed to illicit certain answers. With such a space to think the client can begin to cultivate their inner resources. By seeing the client and not just their behaviors, the counselor offers the client a chance to realize they are more than just their behaviors.

33. COUNSELOR SELF-DISCLOSURE This is a tricky counseling skill to maneuver. A general rule to follow is to only share personal information that is beneficial to the therapeutic process. It might also be used to help the counselor relate better with their client. The counselor can shares personal feelings, experiences, or reactions to the client. Should include relevant content intended to help them. So, it is better to not self-disclose unless there is a pressing clinical need which cannot be met in any other way. Remember empathy is not sharing similar experiences but conveying in a caring and understanding manner what the client is feeling and thinking

34. COUNSELOR SELF-DISCLOSURE Benefits of using self-disclosure: Self-disclosure can be a means of building rapport with clients Clients may feel uneasy telling a stranger about their thoughts, feelings and experiences Clients sometimes think that they are alone in their struggles The counseling process can often feel one-sided for clients, in that the focus is primarily on their presenting issues.

35. COUNSELOR SELF-DISCLOSURE Risks of using self-disclosure: One of the most significant risks of counselor self-disclosure is a shift in treatment focus away from the client’s needs and treatment goals. Excessive personal sharing by a counselor may be seen by the client as self-serving. Counselor self-disclosure can be detrimental if it is provided without consideration of the client’s presenting problem Too much counselor self-disclosure can blur the boundaries in the professional relationship

36. reflection Ensuring that you understand your clients, and that your clients feel understood by you is foundational to the counseling relationship. The skills on this page are particularly useful for building the counseling relationship by helping your clients to know that you are hearing and understanding what they are saying.

37. reflection Includes: Reflection Feelings Restating/Rephrasing Affirmation

38. ASKING QUESTIONS A questioning process to assist the client in clarifying or exploring thoughts or feelings. Here, the counselor is not requesting specific information and not purposively limiting the nature of the response to only a yes or no, or very brief answer.

39. ASKING QUESTIONS Goal is to facilitate exploration – Not needed if the client is already doing this. b. Have an intention or therapeutic purpose for every question you ask. c. Avoid asking too many questions, or assuming an interrogatory role. d. Best approach is to follow a response to an open-ended question with a paraphrase or reflection which encourages the client to share more and avoids repetitive patterns of question/ answer/ question/ answer, etc.

40. “Diagnosis helps the doctor, but for the patient, the crucial thing is the story” Carl Jung

41. Thank you!

42. Workshop

43. Panuto : 1. Ang bawat grupo ay bibigyan ng isang caselet na kanilang ipapakita sa pamamagitan ng role-playing. Sa gawaing ito pipili ang bawat grupo na gaganap bilang COUNSELOR, isang COUNSELEE at isang tagakuha ng video. 2. Bibigyan ang bawat grupo ng limang (5) minuto para sa gawaing ito base sa inihandang listahan ng facilitator. Pipili din ng isang lead clapper na mangunguna sa pagpapalakpak pagkatapos ng bawat presentasyon.

44. Matrix of Presenter, Clappers & Observer PRESENTER OBSERVER/ CLAPPER 1 5 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 4

45. Panuto : 3. Pagkatapos ng role-playing ng lahat ng grupo ay isusunod ang brainstorming/consolidation na gagawin sa loob ng limang (5) minuto. Ang timer ay ipapakita sa screen at ang lahat ay inaasahang na handa na sa pag-uulat. 4. Sa pag-uulat, kailangan bigyan pansin lamang ang mga bagay na may kaugnayan sa paksa o sa hinihingi ng worksheet. 6. Pagkatapos ng pag-uulat, ang ibang grupo ay bibiyan din ng pagkakataon na makapagpahayag ng kanilang kuro-kuro ukol sa ginawang role-playing.

46. Panuto : 6. Inaasahang ang bawat grupo ay makakapagpakita ng isang makabuluhan, makatotohanan, at makahulugang presentation.

47. TYPESCRIPT (Transcription of the Counselor) Counseling Skill                 SESSION 1 BASIC COUNSELING SKILL ACTIVITY 1

48. SARONG AKI NA MASAKIT MAKANOOD BUDA DAING GANA MAG-ADAL Group 1

49. SARONG AKI NA MATAGAS ANG PAYO, BULLY BUDA PERMING NAKIIWAL SA ESKWELAHAN Group 2

50. SARONG AKI NA DATING AKTIBO SA KLASE ALAGAD BIGLA NA SANANG NAGBAGO TA NAWARAN NA NING GANA MAG-ADAL BUDA MAGPARTISIPAR SA AKTIBIDADES NIN ESKWELAHAN. Group 3

51. SARONG AKI NA NAWARAN NIN GANA NA MAG-ADAL TA NAWIWILI SA PORNOGRAPIYA SA INTERNET. Group 4

52. SARONG AKI NA KADAKUL NA NIN BISYO AROG BAGA KAN SIGARILYO, ALAK, ASIN NAG-UUSIP AN MGA KAKLASE NA GAISTORYA DAA AN AKI NA GAGAMIT NA SIYA NIN IPINAGBABAWAL NA DROGA. Group 5