Session 2.pptxSession 2.pptxSession 2.pptx

Session 2.pptx

1. Ms. Muskan Sethi Introduction to Personality Assistant Professor School of Humanities (SOHS) K. R. Mangalam University Unit II Theories of Personality Ms. Muskan Sethi Introduction Introduction to Personality 1

2. Objective This unit is designed to enable you to: Understand Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and Carl Rogers' person-centered theory. Compare and contrast the contributions of Freud, Adler, Jung, Rogers, and Maslow to psychology. Apply psychoanalytic and phenomenological concepts to analyze case studies or real-life scenarios. Develop critical thinking skills through analysis and discussion of various psychological theories. Ms. Muskan Sethi Introduction Introduction to Personality 2

3. Sessions Overview Session 1 : Introduction to Psychoanalytic Theories Session 2 : Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory-I Session 3 : Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory-I I Session 4 : Alfred Adler's Individual Psychology Session 5 : Carl Gustav Jung's Analytical Psychology Session 6 : Introduction to Phenomenological Perspective   Session 7 : Carl Rogers' Person-Centered Theory Session 8 : Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Session 9 : Comparing Theories 3

4. Session 2 Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory-I 4 Ms. Muskan Sethi Introduction Introduction to Personality

5. Overview Introduction to Sigmund Freud The Structure of the Psyche The Id: The Instinctual Drives The Ego: The Reality Principle The Superego: The Moral Conscience Defense Mechanisms Types of Defense Mechanism 5

6. Introduction to Sigmund Freud 6 Brief biography: Born in 1856 in Austria, died in 1939 in the UK. Founder of psychoanalysis. Influential works: "The Interpretation of Dreams," "The Ego and the Id."

7. The Structure of the Psyche 7 Id: The primal, instinctual part of the mind. Operates on the pleasure principle. Ego: The realistic part that mediates between the id and reality. Operates on the reality principle. Superego: The moral conscience, internalized societal norms and ideals.

8. The Id: The Instinctual Drives 8 Operates entirely in the unconscious mind. Seeks immediate gratification of basic drives: hunger, thirst, sex, aggression. Governed by the pleasure principle: seeking pleasure and avoiding pain.

9. The Ego: The Reality Principle 9 Mediates between the demands of the id and the realities of the external world. Balances the needs of the id, the superego, and reality. Operates in both the conscious and unconscious mind.

10. The Superego: The Moral Conscience 10 Represents internalized societal rules and morals. Develops through parental guidance and societal influences. Strives for perfection and judges actions, leading to feelings of pride or guilt.

11. Defense Mechanism 11 Strategies the ego uses to defend itself against anxiety Characteristics: they are denials or distortions of reality they operate unconsciously

12. Types of Defense Mechanism 12 Repression Involves involuntary removal of something from conscious awareness. Example: a young child is bitten by a dog, they later develop a severe phobia of dogs but have no memory of when or how this fear originated 2) Denial Involves denying the existence of an external threat or traumatic event Example: Parents of a child who has died may continue to deny the loss by keeping the child’s room unchanged.

13. Types of Defense Mechanism 13 3) Reaction Formation Involves expressing an id impulse that is the opposite of the one truly driving the person Example: person, disturbed by extreme aggressive impulses, may become overly solicitous and friendly 4) Projection Involves attributing a disturbing impulse to someone else Example: “I don’t hate him. He hates me.”

14. Types of Defense Mechanism 14 5) Regression Involves retreating to an earlier, less frustrating period of life and displaying the childish and dependent behaviors Example: a child who reverts to thumb-sucking, during stressful times such as the first day of school 6) Rationalization Involves reinterpreting behavior to make it more acceptable and less threatening Example: The person who is fired from a job may rationalize by saying that the job wasn’t a good one anyway

15. Types of Defense Mechanism 15 7) Displacement Involves shifting id impulses from a threatening or unavailable object to a substitute object that is available Example: an adult who hate his boss, may shout at the dog. 8) Sublimation Involves altering or displacing id impulses by diverting instinctual energy into socially acceptable behaviors Example: A person experiencing extreme anger might take up kick boxing as a means of venting frustration.

16. THANK YOU 16 Ms. Muskan Sethi Introduction Introduction to Personality