SESSION 4.pptxSESSION 4.pptxSESSION 4.pptx

SESSION 4.pptx

1. Ms. Muskan Sethi Introduction to Personality Assistant Professor School of Humanities (SOHS) K. R. Mangalam University Unit I Introduction Ms. Muskan Sethi Introduction Introduction to Personality 1

2. Objective This unit is designed to enable you to: Understand Fundamental Concepts of Personality. Comprehend Historical and Theoretical Foundations. Explore Basic Assumptions about Human Nature. Analyze Genetic and Environmental Determinants. Examine Methods of Personality Assessment. Apply Theoretical Knowledge Practically. Ms. Muskan Sethi Introduction Introduction to Personality 2

3. Sessions Overview Session 1 : Definitions and Nature of Personality Session 2 : Conceptual History of Personality Theories-I Session 3 : Conceptual History of Personality Theories-II Session 4 : Basic Assumptions about Human Nature-I Session 5 : Basic Assumptions about Human Nature-II   Session 6 : Genetic Determinants of Personality Session 7 : Environmental Determinants of Personality 3 Ms. Muskan Sethi Introduction Introduction to Personality

4. Session 4 Basic Assumptions about Human Nature-I 4 Ms. Muskan Sethi Introduction Introduction to Personality

5. Overview Historical Perspectives on Human Nature Philosophical Foundations Determinism vs. Free Will Nature vs. Nurture Rationalism vs. Empiricism The Biological Perspective The Psychodynamic Perspective The Behavioral Perspective 5 Ms. Muskan Sethi Introduction Introduction to Personality

6. Historical Perspectives on Human Nature Ms. Finite Automata 6 Ancient Philosophies : Greek and Roman views on human nature (e.g., Plato and Aristotle) Middle Ages: Religious and theological perspectives on human nature Renaissance and Enlightenment : Emergence of humanism and rationalism

7. Philosophical Foundations Ms. Finite Automata 7 Determinism vs. Free Will : Debate on whether human behavior is determined by external factors or free will. Nature vs. Nurture : Discussion on the relative influence of genetics (nature) and environment (nurture) on human behavior. Rationalism vs. Empiricism : Rationalism : Knowledge comes from reason and logic. Empiricism: Knowledge comes from sensory experience.

8. Determinism vs. Free Will Ms. Finite Automata 8 Determinism : Human behavior is influenced by external and internal factors beyond individual control. Example: Biological determinism, environmental determinism. Free Will : Humans have the capacity to make choices and exercise control over their actions. Example: Philosophical and existential perspectives emphasizing personal agency.

9. Nature vs. Nurture Ms. Finite Automata 9 Nature: Genetics and biological factors as primary influences on behavior and personality. Example: Heritability studies showing genetic contributions to traits. Nurture: Environmental factors, including upbringing, culture, and experiences. Example: Influence of parenting styles and education on development.

10. Rationalism vs. Empiricism Ms. Finite Automata 10 Rationalism : Knowledge is derived from logical reasoning and innate ideas. Example: Descartes' emphasis on deductive reasoning. Empiricism : Knowledge is gained through sensory experience and observation. Example: John Locke's concept of the mind as a "tabula rasa" (blank slate).

11. The Biological Perspective Ms. Finite Automata 11 Basic Assumptions : Human behavior is largely determined by biological factors. Key Concepts : Genetic predispositions Brain structure and function Neurotransmitters and hormones Example: Influence of dopamine on reward-seeking behavior.

12. The Psychodynamic Perspective Ms. Finite Automata 12 Basic Assumptions : Human behavior is driven by unconscious motives and conflicts . Key Concepts : Id , ego, and superego Defense mechanisms Psychosexual stages of development Example: Influence of early childhood experiences on adult personality.

13. The Behavioral Perspective Ms. Finite Automata 13 Basic Assumptions : Human behavior is learned through interaction with the environment. Key Concepts : Classical conditioning (Pavlov) Operant conditioning (Skinner) Social learning (Bandura) Example: Use of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior.

14. THANK YOU 14 Ms. Muskan Sethi Introduction Introduction to Personality