Sexual Health 2nd Sem B.sc Nursing.pptx

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1. . .

2. Sexual Health

3. . • Introduction • Definition • Sexuality &Types of Sexuality • Stages Of Sexual Development • Factors Affecting Sexual Behaviour • Characteristics Of Sexually Healthy Person • Factors Affecting Sexual Health Contents

4. . • Importance Of Sexual Health Education • Sexual Dysfunction • STDs • Prevention Of Unwanted Pregnancy • Prevention Of Abuse • Nursing management • Nursing Responsibility • Conclusion • Bibliography

5. . • Sexuality is an integral part of human being . • Love ,affection and sexual intimacy contribute to healthy relationship and individual well being. • Sexuality is not just about sex and certain body parts that are associated with males and females. Introduction

6. • Sexuality includes Sexual Orientation such as which a person is attracted to and whether the person is identified as heterosexual, homo sexual or bisexual, as well as their sexual fantasies and attributes and value related to sex.

7. . • Sexuality :- Sum of total of one’s sexual, behaviour , gender consciousness and sexual nature • Sexual Health:- WHO defines sexual health as “a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity. Definition

8. What is Sexuality?

9. Types Of Sexuality Sexuality Can be divided into 4 types in general: 1) Heterosexual 2) Homosexual 3) Bisexual 4) Asexual

10. Heterosexual : - Most people are attracted to the opposite sex . - Boys who like girls, and woman who like man, for example. - These people are heterosexual, or ’straight’.

11. . - People Who are attracted with the same sex. - Eg :- Lesbian and Gay Homosexual:

12. . . - Sexuality can be more complicated than being straight or gay. - Some people are attracted to both men and women and are known as bisexual. . Bisexual:

13. . - Asexuality is the sexual orientation, like homosexuality or heterosexuality. Some people may strongly identify with being asexual, expect for a few infrequent experiences of sexual attraction (grey-asexuality). . Asexual:

14. . . Stages Of Sexual Development & Characteristics

15. Infancy (birth-12 months) • External genitals are sensitive to touch. • Male infants have penile erection, females vaginal lubrication.

16. . • Continues to develop gender identity • Able to identify own gender. Toddler (1-3 years)

17. . • Becomes increasingly aware of self. • Explore own and playmates body parts. • Learns correct names for body parts. • Focuses love on parent of the other sex. Pre-schooler (4-5 years)

18. . • Has strong identification with parent of some gender. • Tends to have friends of the same gender • Has increased awareness of self. • Learn the role and concept of own gender as a part of the total self concept. School Age (6-12 years)

19. . • Primary and secondary sex characterics develop . • Menarche usually takes place. • Develops relationships with interacted partners. • Masturbation is common. • May participate in sexual activity. • Are at risk for pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Adolescence (12-18 years)

20. . • Sexual activity is common. • Establishes own lifestyle and values. • Many couples share financial obligations and household tasks. Young Adulthood (18-40 years)

21. . • Men and women experience decreased hormone production. • The menopause occurs in woman, usually anywhere between 40 to 55 years • The climatic occurs gradually in men. • The quality rather than the number of sexual experiences becomes important. • Individual establish independent moral & ethical standards. Middle Adulthood (40-60 years)

22. . • Interest in sexual activity often continues. • Sexual activity may be less frequent. • Woman’s vaginal secretion diminish. • Men produce fewer sperm and need more time to achieve an erection and to ejaculate. Late Adulthood (65years & over)

23. . Components

24. . . Factors that affects ones attitude towards sexual behaviour

25. . - Religion often shapes a whole society’s orientation towards human sexuality. - Those who higher levels of religious commitment & who regularly attend religious services are much less likely to engage in premarital sex or extramarital affair or to have multiple sexual partners. (1) Religion & Culture:-

26. . - For many conservative religious people, sex may be seen as a dirty, sinful act that should only be engaged within the confines of heterosexual cis gender marriage. - And while there are a few religious that are more open minded about sex, sexuality, and gender, the vast majority still view it as taboo subject.

27. . -Media has become a toll and medium for young adults to explore their sexuality and tired new ways to connect with others. - Greater variety of sexual content is available online than ever before. - It also leads to sex addiction. (2)Media:

28. . - Socio economic status has also established a major effect on someone’s sexual behaviour . - Like teenage pregnancy rates are generally increased in the most deprived areas. - A study shows that the risk of becoming a teenage mother is almost 10 times higher among whose family is in the lowest social class than among those family is the highest class. (3)Socio-economic status :

29. . . Characteristics Of Sexually Healthy Person

30. ASHA defines someone who is sexually healthy by possessing the following characteristics, behaviour and belief system around sex & Relationships A person who is sexually healthy healthy offspring is able to reproduce a new healthy offspring.

31. They understand that sexuality is a natural part of someone’s life and sexuality involves more than just sexual behaviour . He/She can recognize that everyone hes sexual rights and keeps healthy & comfortable attitude towards different sexual behaviour .

32. . They have access to sex education, information & resources to care for sexual health issues. They make safe, reliable efforts to prevent unintended pregnancy , STIs and also seen care & treatment when they are needed.

33. . 1. Biological Factors 2. Psychological Factors 3. Environmental Factors 4. Hormone/genetic Factors 5. Sexual health history 6. Medications 7. Stress Factors Affecting Sexual Health

34. Biological Factors • Congenital abnormalities • Old age and sickness • Injuries • Less secretion of hormones or reasons related to endocrine glands

35. Psychological Factors • Disturbances in family relationship and incomplete sexual knowledge. • Tension and pressure, death of beloved ones. • Wrong notions and superstitions regarding sexual relationship.

36. Environmental Factors • Change in life style. • Lack of poor place and privacy. • Incidents in life.

37. Hormone/genetic factors • Can effect sperm quality. • Production and ovulation. • Congenital factors may impede ability to conceive

38. Sexual health history • Lack of understanding of one’s own reproductive biology. • Multiple sexual partners. • Infectious disease.

39. Medications • Viagra ( siedenafil ) increased erectile function in male. • Anti-anxiety drugs decrease orgasmic dysfunction in woman and delayed ejaculation. • Alcohol, use in moderate amount will increase sexual functioning and if chronic use it decrease sexual desire and impotence.

40. Stress • Depression • Physical stress like muscle tension, lack of energy.

41. . > Respect of opposite gender. > Understand About one’s body function. > Sexually transmitted disease will be reduced. > Sex related crimes and rape will be reduced. > To prevent from unwanted pregnancy. Importance of sexual health education

42. . -> A term usually referring to either disturbances in sexual desire or functioning. -> Any problems that prevent a person or couple from experiencing satisfaction from sexual activity. Sexual Dysfunctioning :

43. Prevention from sexual dysfunctioning : 1)Biological contributions:- a) Physical illness eg :- Diabetes Cardiovascular disease Chronic kidney disease Cancer etc.

44. . b) Prescribed medications: Antidepressants Cardiovascular drugs Antibacterial drugs Anti cholinergic drugs c) Use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs obesity.

45. . 2) Psychological Contribution:- Eg :- Anxiety, depression, prolonged stress 3)Social & Cultural contribution:- a) Erotrophobia :- A phobia or excessive & irrational fear of sex. b)Negative or traumatic sexual experiences c) Detoriation of interpersonal relationships, lack of communication.

46. . 4) Environmental Factors:- Bisphenol A Polyschlorinated Biphenyl Phytoestrogens, Heavy metals

47. Types of sexual dysfunction:- • In Females: -Female sexual arousal disorder -Female orgasmic disorder -Dyspareunia • In Males: -Male erective disorder -Male orgasmic disorder -Premature ejaculation

48. . > Sexually transmitted diseases are the diseases which spread by sexual contact or bodily fluids. > STDs can cause severe damage to your body and can be deadly as many people who have then don’t show any symptoms. Sexually Transmitted Diseases

49. How to avoid: 1. Avoid:- The most effective way to avoid STDs is to not have sex. 2. Stay with one uninfected partner. 3. Wait & test:- Before sex wait until test for STDs is done. 4. Use of condoms 5. Get vaccinated:- Vaccine for human papillomavinus (HPV), hepatitis A & B are available.

50. How to avoid: 6. Avoid drink alcohol experessively or drugs if person is under the influence of sexual desire. 7. Communication:- Ask if she/he has STDs

51. Q} What are diff STDs? - Chlamydia - Gonorrhea - Syphilis - Trichomonas Vaginalis - Candidiasis - AIDs, Hepatitis A & B - HPV

52. Prevention of unwanted pregnancy:- A] Reversible method of birth control: -Copper T intrauterine devices(IUDs) > The IUD is a small device that is`T ’ shaped. > It is placed inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. > It can remain in the uterus for upto 10 years.

53. . B] Hormone methods:- 1) Implant: It is a single, thin rod that is inserted under the skin of a hormone progestin that arm. It contains a hormone progestin that is released into the body over 3 years. It helps to prevent pregnancy. 2) Injection: Women get injection of the hormone progestin after 3 months to prevent pregnancy.

54. . 3) Combined Oral Contraceptives: It contains estrogens and progestin taken at the same time each day. 4) Hormonal Vaginal Contraceptive ring: This ring releases the hormones progestin & estrogen. It is placed for 3 weeks and removed on 4 th week due to mensuration period.

55. C] Barrier Methods:- 1) Diaphragm or cervical cap: Are placed inside vaginal to cover the cervix to block sperm. 2) Sponge: The contraceptive sponge contains spermicide & is placed in the vagina where it fits over the cervix.

56. 3) Female condom: >It is worn by the woman and it prevents the sperms from getting into woman body. >It may help to prevent STDs. 4) Male condom: It is worn by men, helps to prevent STDs.

57. D] Fertility Awareness based method:- ->Women should know their monthly fertility pattern it can help to avoid getting pregnant. ->If women have a regular menstrual cycle, then she will count their fertile days and do not have intercourse on the fertile days # In case of emergency: -Emergency contraceptive tablets: Woman can take within 24 hourd after unprotected sex.

58. E] Permanent method of birth control:- 1) Female sterilization(Tubectomy) 2) Male sterilization(vasectomy)

59. . Sexual Abuse:- The actual or threatened physical intrusion of a sexual nature, whether by force or under unequal or coercive conditions. Sexual Harassment:- Is any unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature that might reasonable be excepted or be perceived to cause offence or humiliation. Sexual Harassment And Abuse:-

60. Prevention of abuse:- 1) If warning signs or risky behaviour is suspected, raising concerns with other adults can be the first step for protection. 2) Staying silent, because don’t have proof, may leave an individual exposed to danger. Finding allies like others trusted adults or professionals can help to figure out what is needed to address the situation and prevent harm.

61. . 1} Assessing:- - Information about a client sexual health status should be an integral part of a nursing assessment. - Assessment includes ~Nursing History ~Physical Examination ~Identifying clients at risks Nursing Management

62. 2} Diagnosis:- This step includes identifying nursing diagnosis, outcomes and selection of interventions to achieve outcomes. Diagnosis must be one that approved by NANDA.

63. 3} Planning:- - Nursing interventions to promote sexual health and function focus largely on nurses ’s teaching role - Goals to meet clients ’s sexual needs include • Maintain, restore or improve sexual health. • Prevent the occurrence on spread of STDs. • Prevent unwanted pregnancy.

64. 4} Implementing:- - Interventions nurse selects are based on the data obtained from the client & the identified nursing diagnosis. - Many interventions are divided at providing information about sexual health & counselling for altered sexual function.

65. - Providing sexual health teaching includes • Sex education • Teaching self examination • Client teaching on preventing transmission of STIs and STDs. • Counselling for altered sexual function

66. 5} Evaluation:- - Goals established during the planning phase are evaluated according to specific desired outcomes also established during that phase. - If the outcomes are not achieved the plan may adjusted based on the patients needs.

67. . ->Nurses are responsible for strengthening the sexual health of the individuals they care for. ->Encouraging them to express their sexual problems identifying the causes of these problems, making appropriate initiatives to resolve these identified problems & raising their quality of life. It is necessary for nurses to have the knowledge & skills to evaluate patient sexuality & to be supported on these skills in clinical practice. Nurses responsibility in sexual health

68. ->It is recommended that nurses participate in field specific courses/in-service training programs & the use of the model be encouraged.

69. . Young people lifestyles include sexuality, inspite of Social taboos. Since the vast majority learns about Sexuality from their friends, incomplete and defective Information has become prevalent, leading to unsafe sexual practices. So, it is important to create social awareness of Safe sexual behaviour . Governments should provide Sexual health education, including adequate information preventing unsafe sexual behaviours in formal training programs. . Conclusion:-

70. . Patricia A . Potter, Patricia A. Stockert, Anne Griffin Perry, Potter & Perry, Fundamentals of Nursing, 2 nd South Asia Edition, Copyright ©️ 2017 Audrey Berman, Shirlec Synderis , Korier & Erb . Fundamental of Nursing : Concepts, Process & Practice, 9 th Edition, 2012 by Pearson Education Inc ©️ 2012 http://www.slideshare.net/LamnunnemHaokip2/sexuality-and-sexual-healthpptx?from_m_app=android https://www.optionsforsexualhealth.org/facts/sex/what-is-sexual-health/ Bibliography:-

71. . .

72. . SUMMARY

73. Assignment:- Q}What is sexual health? What are the factors affecting sexual health?