Sexually_transmitted_infections_ppt[1]_052541.pptx

Sexually transmitted disease

1. Sexually transmitted infection (STI)

2. STI The name of this group of disease was changed from "veneral diseases" to "Sexually transmitted diseases" or "STDs" And then to "sexually transmitted infections" or "STIs" STI - Infections acquired through sexual Contact (may be symptomatic or asymtomatic)

3. STD - Refers to recognizIable disease that has developed from infection STI is commonly used because it applies to both symptomatic or asymptomatic infections.

4. STI - Classification ( on the basis of Etiologic agent) Bacterial Viral Protozoal Fungal Ectoparasites

5. Bacterial STIs Syphilis Gonorrhoea Nongonococcal urethritis(NGU) Chlamydia

6. SYPHILIS Caused by bacteria treponema pallidum Transmitted primarily through sexual intercourse, but also from infected mother to fetus Appearance of red or brown painless sore on Genital organs i.e penis, vagina (chancers), in primary syphilis

7. Primary stage

8. Secondary stage

9. LATENT SYPHILIS It begins when secondary stage symptoms end. In this stage, you can still infect a sexual partner. It can start from 2 years upto over 30 yeras after primary infection.

10. TERTIARY SYPHILIS In this stage , bacteria can damage almost any part of the body, but most commly affects the nervous system. Other parts may include heart, eyes, bones, Joints, liver

11. Diagnostic Methods Clinical appearance Dark field microscopy Rapid plasma reagin VDRL Treponemal test (TPPA, TPHA, FTA ABS, EIA)

12. Management

13. LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM Etiologic agent : Chlamydia trachomatis L1,L2, L3 subspecies Transmission: mainly through intercourse, it is also possible for pregnant mother to transmit it to her baby Most common STI, F:M 6:1, cervix is most common site

14. LGV Mostly women are asymptomatic, but if symptomatic then discharge, painful urination, lower abdominal pain, fever Ulcer are painless, but painful lymphadenosis Complications include: cervicitis, PID, salpingitis, ectopic pregnancy

15. Symptoms

16. Symptoms

17. Diagnostic methods Direct fluorescent antibody Enzyme immunoassay Nucleic acid hybridisation Cell culture DNA amplification

18. Management

19. Management

20. GONORRHOEA Etiologic agent : Neisseria gonorrhoea Mucous membrane affected include : cervix,anus, throat, eyes It attacks cervix as first site of infection

21. Symptoms

22. Symptoms

23. Diagnostic methods

24. Management

25. Chancroid Etiologic agent: Haemophilus Ducreyi Transmission: sexual route, Non sexual transmission are rare ,if occur, by direct contact with pus from ulcers Pain occur during urination and intercourse due to ulcerations Painful ulcer, irregularly shaped are present on genitalia. Swollen and tender lymph nodes in the groin region.

26. Symptoms

27. Diagnostic methods Direct fluorescent antibody Polymerase chain reaction(pcr) Culture from ulcer exudate or enlarged lymph nodes

28. Management

29. Granuloma inguinale( Donovanisis) Etiologic agent: Klebsiella granulomatis (campylobacterium granulomatis) Transmission: sexual route, Non sexual transmission are rare, by direct contact with bacteria from the lesion Painless , beefy red ulcers that bleed easily on contact Red velvety nodule that can ulcerate , lymph nodes are NOT painful , if swollen.

30. Symptoms

31. Diagnostic methods Microscopy, Donovan bodies in tissue stained with geimsa or wright's stain Polymerase chain reaction(pcr) Culture from ulcer exudate or enlarged lymph nodes

32. Management

33. Non gonococcal urethritis (NGU) It's an inflammation of urethra not caused by Neisseria gonorrhoea Etiologic agent: C. trachomatis (50%), M. genitalium accounts for 25% cases, T. vaginalis, Haemophilus species adenovirus Transmission: It is transmitted through vaginal, anal, oral sex with an infected person, non sexual through objects, but rare Clear, white or yellow discharge from penis or vagina, dysuria, itching in genital area.

34. Symptoms

35. Diagnostic methods NAAT , highly sensitive for C.trachomatis and M. genitalium Gram stain rule out gonococcal infections Urine Culture Urinalysis for WBC and pathogens

36. Management

37. Cervicitis It's an inflammation of cervix caused by various infectious agents Etiologic agent: C. trachomatis (50%), N.gonorrhoea, M. genitalium, HSV, HPV Transmission: Primay, it is transmitted through vaginal, anal, oral sex with an infected person, Less commonly through exposure to irritants or allergens. Unusual discharge that may be green or yellow with foul odor. Dyspareunia, bleeding, itching and dysuria.

38. Symptoms

39. Diagnostic methods NAAT , for C.trachomatis and N.gonorrhoea Wet mount micrscopy of vaginal dicharge to detect T. vaginalis Culture For identifying bacteria or fungi PAP smear and Urinalysis.

40. Management

41. Bacterial vaginosis It's a common vaginal condition caused by imbalance in vaginal flora, lactobacillus is typically dominant in healthy vagina Etiologic agent: Anaerobic bacteria like Gardnerella vaginalis, prevotella, mobiluncus Transmission: Multiple sex partner new sexual partner and douching

42. Bacterial vaginosis Vaginal itching and burning sensation during urination Thin , whitish vaginal discharge with strong fishy odor

43. Symptoms

44. Diagnostic methods Amsel criteria Homogenous, thin white discharge that smoothly coats the vaginal walls Prescence of clue cellson microscopic examination Positive whiff test( a fishy odor is released when 10% kOH is added to vaginal discharge Vaginal pH greater than 4.5 Gram stain and NAAT

45. Management

46. Management

47. Trichomoniasis It's a sexually transmitted infection caused by protozoan parasite Etiologic agent: Trichomonas vaginalis Transmission: Primarily through vaginal, anal or oral sex with infected person Affects both men and women but women are more likely to have symptoms

48. Trichomoniasis Frothy greenish-yellow discharge with strong odor Intense itching and irritation in genital area Dysuria and dyspareunia, redness of vulva and vaginal wall strawberry Cevix is almost a sign of trichomoniasis

49. Symptoms

50. Diagnostic methods Clinical assessment Rapid antigen testing of vaginal swab Microscopic wet mount of vaginal discharge to see T. vaginalis Culture And NAAT

51. Management

52. Vulvovaginal candidiasis It's most common fungal infection of vulva and vagina Etiologic agent: candida albicans m/c, c.glabrata, c. tropicalis Transmission: Overgrowth of candida species as a result of antibiotic use, high estrogen levels, immunocompromised, steroids

53. Vulvovaginal candidiasis Thick ,white curd like discharge, itching of vulva Redness swelling, fissures in vaginal area Dysuria, dyspareunia

54. Symptoms

55. Diagnostic methods Clinical assessment Microscopic examination with 10% KOH wet mount, budding yeast and pseudohyphae pH testing , it remains normal 4 - 4.5 Culture And NAAT

56. Management

57. Management

58. VIRAL INFECTIONS

59. Viral STIs Herpes simplex Genital warts Hepatitis B HIV

60. Herpes Etiologic agent: Herpes simplex virus Contagious viral infection that spread from direct contact in oral and genital region HSV1: Nongenital, in form of cold sores, primarily around mouth HSV2: Genital herpes

61. HSV 1 INFECTION

62. HSV 2 INFECTION

63. Symptoms

64. Diagnostic methods Clinical diagnosis is mainstay Genital ulcer confirmed by NAAT or Culture

65. Management

66. Genital wart/Condyloma acuminata Etiologic agent: Human papilloma virus (HPV) Most reproductive age womwn become infected within few years of becoming sexually active, although most infections are transient and asymptomatic High risk HPV types 16 and 18, mucocutaneous external genital warts are caused by type 6 and 11

67. Genital wart

68. Management

69. Hepatitis B infection Etiologic agent: Hepatitis B virus Transmission: sexual route, Blood (Syringes), Semen, saliva Hepatitis B virus is present in all body fluid,nearly 95% patients recover with HBV Perinatal transmission accounts for 35-50%, It can passed to the baby through breast feeding, and through placenta during birth.

70. Diagnostic methods https://www.wikidoc.org/images/5/59/HBV_serum_markers.png

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72. Management

73. PARASITIC INFECTION

74. Scabies It's a highly contagious skin infection caused by mite bite Etiologic agent: Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis Transmission: Prolonged and close physical contact with an infected person, can also thrugh clothing, bedding Intense itching at night, small blisters in linear fashion

75. Burrows, thin gray skin colored line in the finger webs, elbow, armpits, Scratching causes sore which can lead to seconadry infection

76. Symptoms

77. Diagnostic methods Clinical examination Microscopic examination of skin scrapping for mites, eggs Ink test to highlight burrow paths. Dermatoscopy to visually identify mites or burrows.

78. Management

79. Management

80. Pediculosis pubis It is also known as pubic lice infestation or"crabs", is an infesation of pubic hair by a louse Etiologic agent: Pithirus pubis Transmission: Primary mode is sexual contact with infected person, but can occur through infected clothing, bedding or towels Itching in genital area caused by allegic reaction to louse bite

81. Pediculosis pubis small white yellowish egg attached to hair shaft called "nits" Bite cause bluish gray spots on skin (maculae ceruleae Scratching cause secondary bacterial infection

82. Symptoms

83. Diagnostic methods Clinical examination of pubic hair Microscoic examination of hair or skin samples to identify nits or lice. Dermatoscopy to visually identify nits or lice

84. Management

85. Management