Shaper, Slotter, Planer working principle.ppt

Manufacturing Technology

2. Shaping Machine is also called
Shaper
2

3. A Machine which
produces flat surfaces
A Ram holding the
Tool reciprocates
Work is fed
perpendicular to the
tool
3

4. B
A
In the shaper, the cutting tool
has a reciprocating motion, and
it cuts only during the forward
stroke.
Cutting Tool repeatedly travels
along line A B
Work is fed a small distance
each time
⦁Feedofwork& line oftool
motionareinsameplanebut
perpendicular
4

5. The tool line eventually
reaches position C D
Combination of two
movements results in the
flat plane ABCD being
machined
5

6. Basictypes:
6
??????HorizontalShaper
??????VerticalShaper
??????TravelingheadShaper

7. Horizontalshaper:
7
??????Ramholding thecuttingtoolmovesInhorizontalplane
Verticalshaper:
??????Thecutting toolmovesinverticalplane
Travelingheadshaper:
??????Cuttingtoolreciprocates&movescross wise
simultaneously.

8. HORIZONTAL
SHAPERS
1. Acc. to Cutting
Action of Stroke
2. Acc. to the
Table Design
3. Acc. to Driving
Mechanism
8

9. b)Gearedtype
c)
MH
305y
.23draulic
9
a)PushTypeShaper
1. Acc. to Cutting
Stroke action
b)DrawTypeShaper
a)StandardShaper
b)UniversalShaper
a)Cranktype
2. Acc. to the
Table Design:
3. Acc. to Driving
Mechanism:
Shaper

10. ⦁Metal isremovedwhentherammovesaway fromcolumn
⦁Mostcommontypeused in practice
⦁Unlessotherwisespecified,thetermshaper referstoPush
typeShaper
10

11. ⦁Metal isremovedwhenthetoolisdrawn towardsthecolumn
⦁Allowsheaviercutsto bemade
⦁Lessvibrationduringcutting
11

12. Standard shaper
Work Table can be moved
Vertically & Horizontally. it
cannot swivelled or tilted.
12
Universal
shaper
Table can be
moved
Horizontally
Vertically
Swivelled &
Tilted
This is mostly used
in Tool Rooms

13. Cranktypeshaper:
13
??????Driving mechanism is by crank and a slotted lever quick return
motion mechanism is used to give reciprocating motion to the ram.
??????The crank is adjustable and is arranged inside the body of bull
gear.
Geared type shaper:
??????Driven by Rack & Pinion mechanism
Hydraulic shaper:
•Driven by oil pressure developed by a pump, which is run by an
electric motor.
•It is more efficient than the crank and geared type shapers.

14. 14

15. BASE
COLUMN
RAM
CROSSRAIL
TABLE
TOOL
15

16. 1.BASE
2.COLUMN
3.RAM
4.TABLE
16
5.CROSSRAIL
6.SADDLE
7.TOOLHEAD
8.CLAPPERBOX

17. Constructionaldetailsofashaper
BASE
TABLE
TOOLHEAD
RAM
RAMCLAMP
CLUTCH
COLUMN
17
TOOLPOST
CROSSRAIL
BASE

18. 1.Base
⦁Bottommostpart
⦁Supportsotherpartsofthemachine
⦁Actsasareservoiroflubricatingoil
⦁Madeof CastIron
BASE
18

19. Vertically mounted on
the base
Houses Driving
Mechanism of Ram
Has guide ways on
which Ram slides
Made of Cast Iron
COLUMN
19

20. g
The main moving
part of a Shaper
It carries Tool Head
Connected to Drivin
Mechanism
R A M
20

21. A box like casting with
T-slots on its top
Shaper vice is fitted in
the T-slots
Work is fixed in the
vice
TABLE
21

22. Used to move the
Table Up & Down
Upward movement is
controlled by an
Elevating Screw
Sidemovement is
controlledbylead
screw
CROS
S
RAIL
22

23. It is mounted on cross rail
It supports the Table
Moves across the cross
rail left to right
Movement obtained by a cross feed screw
SADDLE
CROSS RAIL
23

24. TOOLHEAD
TOOLPOST
24
It is attached to the
front end of Ram
Carries Clapper box &
Tool post on it
Can be swiveled at any
angle on either side
CLAPPER BOX

25. It is hinged to the tool
head
It houses clapper block
Swings outward in
return stroke
Tool post mounted on
clapper block
CLAPPE
R
BOX
25

26. •Max.lengthofStrokeofRam
•TypeofDrive
•Powerinput
•FloorSpace required
•WeightoftheMachine
•CuttingtoReturnStrokeratio
•Feed
•Sizeoftable
•Maximumhorizontalandverticaltravelofthetable
26

27. Shaper drive Mechanism changes rotary motion of
power source (Electric motor) to reciprocating
motion of Ram.
Material removal (cutting) of work piece takes place
in the forward stroke of ram.
The return stroke of the ram does no cutting,
hence is called Idle stroke.
The Ram with cutting tool has to move slowly in
cutting stroke.
27

28. •Sincereturnstrokedoesnocuttingtheram
shouldmovefasterduringreturnstroke.
•Theshaperdrivesystemincorporatesquick
returnmechanism.Sothattherammovesfaster
duringreturnstroke
•Thusminimizingthe(idletime)QuickReturn
time.
28

29. ⦁MachiningHorizontalSurfaces
⦁MachiningVerticalSurfaces
⦁MachiningAngularSurfaces
⦁CuttingSlots, Grooves&Keyways
⦁Machiningirregularsurfaces
⦁MachiningSplines/CuttingGears
29

30. Work is properly held in a vice
Table is raised to a gap of 25 to 30 mm between
tool & work
The length & position of stroke are adjusted
The length of stroke should be nearly 20 mm
longer than the work
30

31. The approach & over run should be 10 & 5 mm
respectively.
Depth of cut is adjusted by rotating down the feed
screw of tool head
Feed is adjusted about half the width of cutting
edge of tool
31

32. ⦁Fixtheworkproperlyonthetable
⦁Adjustthelength ofstroke
⦁Settherequiredcuttingspeed
⦁Giverequiredfeedof thetable
⦁Fixanappropriatetoolinthetoolhead
⦁Givesuitabledepth ofcutforrough cuts
⦁Finishingthejobbygiving less depthofcut
32

33. 33

34. Fix up the job on the table firmly
Align the surface to be machined properly
Fix up a side cutting tool in the tool head
Set the vertical slide exactly at zero
Swivel the apron away from the job
Switch on the machine
Rotate down feed screw by hand to give down
feed
Feed in about 0.25 mm
34

35. 35

36. Angular shaping is carried out tomachine inclined
surfaces, bevelled, dove tail etc.,
Set the work on the table
Swivel the vertical slide of tool head to the required
angle ( to the left or right)
Set apron away from work
Give down feed as per requirement
36

37. 37

38. ⦁Fixupa squarenose toolintoolhead
⦁Adjustthe length&positionofstroke
⦁Reducethe cuttingspeed
⦁Givesuitabledepthofcut
⦁Feedtheworkproperlytogetequalsplines
38

39. 39

40. ⦁Fixupthe jobbetweentwo centres
⦁Cutfirst splinesimilarto akey way
⦁Move/ Rotateworkbytherequiredamount
⦁Use indexplatefor thispurpose
40

41. 41

42. 42

43. Fix up a forming tool in tool post
Give cross feed in conjunction with down feed
Swivel the apron suitably according to the
contour required
43

44. WORK
T
O
O
L
44

45. and can be readily changed from
one job to another.
The work can held easily.
The single point tools used are
in inexpensive;
??????Advantages ??????Limitations
??????The set up is very quick and easy ??????Bynatureisaslowmachine
⦁Thesetoolscanbeeasily
groundedto anydesiredshape.
Lower first cost.
The cutting stroke has a definite
stopping point.
⦁Becauselowercuttingforces,
thinandfragilejobscanbe
conventionallymachined on
shapers.
becauseofitsstraightline,
forwardandreturnstroke.The
singlepointtoolrequiresseveral
strokestocompleteawork.
Thecuttingspeedsarenot
usuallyveryhighspeedsof
reciprocatingmotionduetohigh
inertiaforcesdevelopedinthe
motionoftheunitsand
componentsofthemachine.
Owingtothesereasonsthe
shaperdoesnotfindready
adaptabilityforassemblyand
productionline.

46. ShaperDrivingMechanisms
46
•Whitworthquickreturnmechanism
•Slottedlinkquickreturnmechanism
•Hydraulicquickreturnmechanism

47. QuickReturnMechanism
Q.R.M
47

48. WhitworthQuickReturnMechanism
48

49. WhitworthQuickReturnMechanism
49

50. WhitworthQuickReturnMechanism
50

51. WhitworthQuickReturnMechanism
51

52. Crank BC revolves at a uniform speed.
During cutting stroke point C travels from Y to X through Z.
Ram returns at high speed as the crank rotates from X to Y
through T.
Then:
Time for cutting stroke =
360 -Ø Time for return
stroke Ø
Since Ø is smaller than 360 –Ø, the time for cutting is more than
the idle time.
Stroke length can be changed by varying the radius AE
52
WhitworthQuickReturnMechanism

53. Crank&SlottedLink
53

54. 54

55. BULLGEAR
BULLGEARSLIDING
BLOCK
CRANKPIN
BULLGEA
R SLIDE
LEADSCREW
BEVELGEARS
ROCKERARM
SLIDINGBLOCK
55

56. Driving Pinion
lever
Ram
Bev
BullgearSlide
Ram
Block Slotted
Lever
Bull gear
Sliding block
Crank pin
Lever
Sliding block
Lead
Screw
Bull Gear
Pivot
BevelGears

57. Crank pin(11) is fitted in
the slotted link(9)
Bottom end of slotted
link (rocker arm) is
attached to frame of
column(15)
Its upper end is
connected to ram(2).
57

58. Electric motor drives pinion (1)
Pinion (1) drives the bull gear(14)
A Radial slide (16) is bolted atthe centre of bull gear.
Radial slide carries a sliding block(12)& a crank pin (11)
As the bull gear 14 rotates, crank pin 11 rotates.
So sliding block 12 also rotates on the crank pin circle.
Simultaneously crankpin will move up & down in the slot of the
slotted link 9.
58

59. Asthecrankpin11moves,
slottedlink9getsrocking
movement.
Thisrockingmovementis
communicatedtotheram.
Thus the rotary motion of
the bull gear is converted to
reciprocating motion of the
ram.
59

60. P
M N
K
O
L
C
2C
1
60

61. When the link is in the
position PM, ram will be at
the extreme backward
position.
When it is at PN, ram is at
extreme forward position.
P
M N
K
O
L
C
2C
1
61

62. PM&PN are tangents drawn to
the crank pin circle.
Forward cutting stroketakes
place through the angle C
1K C
2
Return stroke takes place
through the angle C
2 L C
1
of the crank.
It is evident that angle C
2K C
1
is greater than C
2 L C
1
P
M N
K
O
L
C
2
C
1
62

63. M N
K
O
C
2C
1
L
P
•Angular velocity of crank pin is constant.
•So Return stroke is completed in a shorter time.
•Therefore it is known as quick return motion.
63

64. C
2LC
1
⦁Cuttingtime:Returntimeratio
⦁usuallyvariesbet2:1.
⦁Practicallimitis3:2
M N
K
O
L
Cutting time : Return stroke = Angle C
1KC
2
: Angle
C
2C
1
64

66. Quick return in the hydraulic shaper is accomplished by increasing the flow
of hydraulic oil during the return stroke.
In the hydraulic shaper the ram is connected to the hydraulic cylinder which
is controlled by means of a 4 way valve.
The hydraulic fluid is pumped to the hydraulic cylinder through 4 way valve;
this valve is connected to the sump.
The 4 way valve controls the direction of high pressure fluid into the cylinder
and controls the direction of motion, either the cutting stroke or return
stroke.

67. The flow control valve controls the flow rate of the hydraulic fluid
thereby controlling the speed at which ram moves.
Since the power available remains constant throughout, it is possible
to utilize the full capacity of the cutting tool during the cutting stroke
The starting and stopping of the machine is achieved by through a
fingeroperatorlever.
Anadjustabletripdogoperatedlevercontrolstheoperationof4way
valvetocontroltheramreversible.
Thereturnoridlestrokeisfasterthanthecuttingstrokebecauseof
thesmallerareainthereturnsideofthecylinderifconstantvolume
pumpisused.

68. Thecuttingstrokehasamoreconstantvelocityandless
vibrationisinducedinthehydraulicshaper.
Thecuttingspeedisgenerallyshownonanindicatorand
doesnotrequirecalculation.
Boththecuttingstrokelengthanditspositionrelativeto
theworkmaybechangedquicklywithoutstoppingthe
machine.
Thehydraulicfeedoperateswhilethetoolisclearofwork.
Morestrokesperminutecanbeachievedbyconsuming
lesstimeforreversalandreturnstrokes.

69. The stopping point of the cutting stroke in a hydraulic shaper
can vary depending upon the resistance offered to cutting by
the work material.
It is more expensive compared to the mechanical shaper.

70. Workshouldbeproperly&firmly fixedonthe
Shapertable
70
Workis fixedonthetableby3 methods.
•UsingaSwivelVice
•UsingTbolts&Clamps
•UsingAngleplate&C Clamps

72. 72

73. 73

84. Cutting speed is defined asthe average linear speed in
stroke in m/mm, which depends on the number of ram
stokes(or ram cycles) per minute and the length of stroke.
⦁The numberofdoublestrokesorcyclesof theram/min
⦁N=the numberofdoublestrokesorcycles ofthe ram
⦁L=lengthof the ramstroke,mm
⦁K=returnstroketime
⦁Wherek=2/3,3/4
Vc=NL(1+k)/1000m/mm

85. The feed is the relative motion of the work piece in a
direction perpendicular to the axis of reciprocating of the
ram.
Feed is given to the work piece.
Depth of cut d is the thickness of the material removed in one
cut,in mm.

86. The machining time
the time required to complete one double
stroke, from cutting speed Vc is given by
With a feed of f mm/double stroke, number of
strokes required to machine a surface of width B
will be Ns=B/f
t=L(1+K)/1000Vc

87. Hence total machining the surface of width B will be
t = LB(1+K)/1000Vcf
Interms of ram strokes N, the time for machining the surface
is given by
Ns=B/fN min
Machine time
tm = B/f ((L/Vc*1000)+(L /Vr *1000)
Where B= width of the job mm f = feed mm/ stroke
l= length of stroke, mm
Vc = Cutting speed
Vr = return stroke speedmm/min

88. ⦁Slottingmachine

89. Slottingmachine isalsocalledas Slotter
89

90. CROSS
SLIDE
SADDLE
90

91. 91

92. •AMachine whichproducesflatsurfaces
•ARamholding theToolreciprocates
•Ram reciprocatesinvertical direction
•Workisfed perpendiculartothetool
92

93. Cutting Tool repeatedly travels
along line A B
Work is fed a small distance each
time
Feed of work & line of tool
motion are in same plane but
perpendicular
93

94. The tool line eventually
reaches position C D
Combination of two
movements results in the flat
plane ABCD being machined
94

95. ⦁Workissupportedonarotarytable.
⦁Tablecan havelongitudinalandrotarymovements
⦁Straightandrotary cutscan beproduced.
95

96. According to design and purpose the slotters
are classified into two types
96
1.PuncherSlotter
2.PrecisiontoolroomSlotter
Puncherslotter:
??????Intended for removing large amount of metal from heavy
works.
heavy and rigid machine
Ram driven by rack and spiral pinion mechanism used
for machining large castings and forgings
??????
??????
??????

98. Precisiontoolroomslotter:
98
•Usedfortool roomwork,where accuracyimportant
•Lighter inconstruction
•Fittedwithquickreturn mechanism
•Operatesat highspeedsanddesignedforlightcuts
•Givesaccuratefinish
•Suitableforsmalltomediumsizeworkpieces

99. Differencebetweenverticalshaperand Slotter
99
•in vertical shaper the tool holding ram can tilt by
about 10
0 with respect to vertical axis
•In slotter ram cannot tilt at all.
•In all other aspects vertical shaper and slotter are
similar

100. Having known the Working Principle we
will now look at :
10
0M305.30
⦁The ConstructionalDetailsofaslottingMachine
⦁Functionofeachpart
⦁Specificationsof aslotter

101. BASE
CIRCULAR
TABLE
COLUMN
RAM
CROSSSLIDE
SADDLE
TOOLHEAD
T-SLOTS
10
1M305.30

102. 10
2M305.30

103. 10
3

104. 1.Base
2.Column
3.Ram
4.Table
10
4
5.Crossslide
6.Saddle
7.Toolhead

105. 1.Base
10
5
Bottom most part
Supports other parts of the machine
Acts as a reservoir of lubricating oil
Made of Cast Iron
Contd..

106. ⦁Rigidlybuilttotakeupcuttingforces
⦁Topofbed isaccuratelyfinished
⦁Guide waysareprovidedforsaddle
⦁Guide waysareperpendiculartocolumn face
10
6

107. Vertically mounted on
the base
Houses Driving
Mechanism of Ram
Has guide ways on
which Ram slides
Made of Cast Iron
Also houses feeding
mechanism
COLUMN
10
7

108. Reciprocating vertically up
and down of a slotter
Mounted on guide ways of
column
It carries Tool Head / cutting
tool
Connected to Driving
Mechanism
An arrangement is provided
on the body of ram to
change length of stroke
RAM
10
8M305.30

109. ⦁Itholdsthe workpiece.
??????Acircular castingwith
T-slots on its top
Movement of table
can be linear or rotary
Table is graduated in
degrees so indexing
canbedone
Slotter vice may be
fitted in the T-slots
Work may be fixed
in the vice
Operated manually or
by power
TABLE
10
9

110. It is mounted on guide ways of bed
It can be moved towards or away from bed
Using saddle longitudinal feed is given
Top is accurately finished to provide guide ways
for cross slide
These guide ways are perpendicular to the guide
on the base
Operated either manually or by power
11
9

111. ⦁Circularwork-table ismounted on thetop.
⦁Mountedonguidewaysofsaddle
⦁Movesparalleltothefaceofthe column
⦁Usingcrossslidecrossfeedisgiven
⦁Operatedeithermanuallyorbypower
11
1

112. It is attached to the bottom end of Ram
Carries Tool post on it
Tool is fixed in position
No swiveling along verticle axis or horizontal
axis
11
2

113. ⦁Max.length ofRamStroke
⦁Diameter ofworktableinmm.
⦁TypeofDrive
⦁Maximumtabletravel.
⦁Powerinput
⦁FloorSpacerequired
11
3

115. 115
A Slotting machine produces flat surfaces
The Ram holding the Tool reciprocates vertically up
and down
Cuts the material only in down stroke
There should be some mechanism to move the ram in
reciprocating motion
It is called as slotter driving mechanism
The mechanism commonly used is slotted disc
mechanism

116. 11
6

117. 117
⦁AMechanism makestheramtomoveslowlyduring
cuttingstroke.
⦁Duringreturnstrokerammovesatafasterrate.
⦁Toreducetheidletime,ItShouldreturn quickly.
⦁The mechanismadoptedisknownasQRM

118. 1.WhitworthQ.R.M.Mechanism
2.Variablespeed reversiblemotordrive mechanism
3.Hydraulic driveMechanism
ThemechanismsforQRM inslotteraresimilarto
QRMinshaper
118

119. In Slotter feed is given by table
Feed movement is intermittent
Feed is given at the beginning of the cutting stroke
Feed may be given either manually or by power
Table will have three types of feed movements
a.longitudinal
b.cross and
c.circular feeds.
Contd…
11
9

120. Longitudinalfeed:
•Tableisfedperpendiculartothecolumn
•Tablemovestowardsorawayfrom thecolumn
Crossfeed:
•Tableisfedparallelto thefaceof thecolumn
Circularfeed:
•tableis rotatedwithrespectto
verticleaxis
12
9

121. Feedshaft
12
1

122. Uses a ratchet and pawl mechanism
Feed shaft engaged with cross, longitudinal /
rotary feed screws has the ratchet mounted on it.
Ratchet is moved by small amount in one direction
only with the help of a connecting rod, lever.
The roller moves in the cam groove cut on the face
of the bull gear of slotting machine.
122

123. 1.Machiningflatsurfaces
2.MachiningCircularSurfaces
3.Machininginternalsurfaces
4.Machining groovesorkeyways
123

124. Work is properly held in a vice
Table is raised to a gap of 25 to 30 mm between
tool & work
The length & position of stroke are adjusted
The length of stroke should be nearly 20 mm
longer than the work
Contd…
124

125. The approach & over run should be 10 & 5 mm
respectively.
Depth of cut is adjusted by rotating down the feed
screw of tool head
Feed is adjusted about half the width of cutting
edge of tool
125

126. ⦁Fixthework properlyonthetable
⦁Adjustthe lengthofstroke
⦁Settherequiredcuttingspeed
⦁Giverequiredfeed ofthetable
⦁Tool isheldinthetoolhead of ram
⦁Ramreciprocatesupanddown
126

127. ⦁Feedhastobegivenatthebeginningofcuttingstroke
⦁Bothinternaland externalsurfacescanbemachined
⦁Givesuitabledepthofcut forroughcuts
⦁Finishingthejobbygivinglessdepthofcut
127

128. 128

129. ⦁Toolisset radiallyonthework
⦁Workpieceisplacedcentrallyon therotarytable
⦁Feedisgivenbytherotarytablefeedscrew
⦁Feedscrewrotatesthetablethroughan arc
⦁Adjustthe lengthofstroke
⦁Settherequiredcuttingspeed
⦁Finishingthejobbygivinglessdepthofcut
129

130. ⦁Fixupatoolintoolpost
⦁Cross,longitudinalandrotaryfeedarecombined
⦁Anycontouredsurface canbe machined
⦁Mostlydonemanually
⦁Goodskillis requiredfromoperator
130

131. Slotter is specially intended for cutting internal
grooves
External or internal gear teeth can be machined
Fix up the job between two centers
Cut first a key way
Move / Rotate work by the required amount
Indexing can be done by using graduations on
rotary table
131

132. ⦁Fixupthe jobbetweentwocentres
⦁Cutfirstsplinesimilar toakeyway
⦁Move/Rotatework bytherequiredamount
⦁Useindexplateforthispurpose
132

133. 133

134. Work should be properly & firmly fixed
on the Slotter table
134
Workisfixed onthetableby 3 methods.
1.UsingaSwivelVice
2.UsingTbolts&Clamps
3.UsingAngle plate &CClamps

135. Clamping the work on a Slotter is depicted in
the following Slides, one by one
135

136. 136

137. 137

138. ⦁Planingmachine

139. 139

140. 140

141. 141

142. 142

143. A Machine which produces flat surfaces
Consists a stationary housing for holding the tools
A table holding the work reciprocates
Large works, that con not be accommodate on
shapers
The tool is stationary but the work moves
143

144. Thetableonwhichwork
isclampedisimparteda
reciprocatingmovement
Cutting takes place during
the forward stroke of
table
During return stroke the
cutting tool is slightly
lifted
Tool is fed for each
forward stroke
WORK
T
O
O
L
Workisfixedon
Table
144

145. ⦁Tableisdrivenbyanelectricmotor
⦁Lengthoftablestrokecan beadjusted
⦁Speedofreturnstroke isalsoregulated
145

146. 146

147. 1.DoublehousingPlaner
2.OpensidePlaner
3.PittypePlaner
4.EdgePlanerorPlate Planer
5.DividedTablePlaner
147

148. ⦁It isthe Standard model&most widelyused
⦁Veryheavyandrobust
⦁Hasa bedandtwoverticalhousingsarefixed
⦁Tablemovesalongtheguidewaysofthe bed
⦁Housingsupportscross rail&toolheads.
⦁Crossrailcarriestwotoolheads
⦁Toolheadcarriestools
148

149. 149

150. ⦁Ithasonly onesupportingcolumn(housing)
⦁Area largerthanthetablecan beplaned
⦁CrossrailismountedasaCantilever
⦁Toolholdersaremountedon Crossrail
⦁Strokelengthofbediscontrolledbyadjustabledogs
150

152. Columns and cross rail carrying tool head move
longitudinally on massive rail above the work table
Bed is recessed in the floor
Loading and unloading of jobs is easy
Used for Planing heavy & large jobs
Table and work piece resting on it are stationary and
the tool reciprocates
152

153. Specially designed for squaring or beveling the edges of
heavysteel plates for pressure vessels
Carriagesupportingthetoolis movedback
andfront
direction
Cutting can take place during both directions of carriage
travel
Operator stands on the platform & operates
153

154. Also known as Tandem planer
Planer has two tables on the bed
Table may be reciprocated together or separately
Each table reciprocates under different tool head
For continuous production, small work pieces
clamped on one table are being machined, another
is stationary and can be used for setting up fresh
works
Used for quick & continuous production
154

155. TABLE
COLUMN
CROSS
RAIL
TOOLHEADS
155
Feed
Mechanis
m
BED

156. 1.Bed
2.Table
3.HousingorColumn
4.Crossrail
5.Toolheads
6.DrivingMechanism
7.FeedMechanism
156

157. TOOLHEADS
TABLE
COLUMN
CROSSMEMBER
COLUMN
CROSS
RAIL
Feed
Mechanism
BED
157

158. 158

159. 159

160. ⦁Largeboxlikecasting
⦁Length isnearlytwicethetablelength
⦁Consistsguidewaysonwhich tablemoves
⦁Houses thedrivingmechanismoftable
⦁Madeof CastIron
160

161. ⦁AlsocalledPlaten
⦁Largerectangularcastingmountedonbedways
⦁Holdsthework& reciprocatesalongbedways
⦁Top surfacehasT slots
⦁Workis clampedonTslots
161

162. Large vertical
structures on each side
of the bed
Supports cross rail on
which tool heads are
mounted
Also supports the
mechanism for
operating the tool
heads
Made of Cast Iron
162

163. ⦁Arigidcastingmountedhorizontallyon thecolumn
⦁Canbe movedup &downbyelevatingscrew
⦁Carriestwoslideswith toolheads
⦁Toolheadscanbemoved horizontallyon theguide
waysofcrossrail
163

164. Contains tool posts for holding the tools
Tool post (clapper block) is hinged to the head
During return stroke cutting tool will be lifted
Tool heads can be swiveled through 60º on either
side of its vertical position
164

165. 1.Distance between the two housings
2.Height between Table & cross rail at its
uppermost position
3.Maximum length of table travel
4.Number of Speeds & feeds available
165

166. 5.Powerinput
6.Floorspace required
7.TypeofDrive
8.Netweight ofthe Machine
166

167. A Planing Machine produces flat surfaces
The Table holding the Work reciprocates
There should be some mechanism to move the
Table in reciprocating motion, and
Table to move quick during idle stroke
167

168. 1.Open &Crossbeltdrive
2.Reversiblemotordrive
3.Hydraulic drive
168

169. LoosePulley Fast
Pulle
y
PulleysonShaft
Openbelt
Counter
Shaft
Cross belt
Belt
shifter
9,12LoosePulleys
10,11FastPulleys
Rack
19 -Table
18.Tripdog
17. Belt shifter
lever
13-Bull gear
shaft
14-Bull gear
Change gears
Feeddisc
169

170. Used for smaller capacity machines
Table is moved by gears & rack attached under
the table
Counter shaft at the top of housing has 2 pulleys
These Pulleys transfer power to main shaft(Driving)
Main shaft drives the table by rack & pinion
170

171. 2 Sets of fast & loose pulleys are mounted on driving
shaft at one end and pinion is on another end
RETURN STROKE:
Smaller fast pulley is used for backward motion of table
(Quick motion)
It is connected by open belt drive
The open belt passes over small fast pulley to get
Quick
return
The Cross belt is on loose pulley so it will not drive
171

172. FORWARD STROKE:
Bigger fast pulley is driven by cross belt drive
It is used to drive the table during cutting stroke
Open belt is on loose pulley
At the end of cutting stroke, cross belt is shifted from fast
pulley to loose pulley
Simultaneously open belt is shifted from loose pulley to fast
pulley
This is achieved by trip dog which operates belt shifting lever
Thus the direction of movement is automatically reversed
172

173. 173

174. Electric motor drives the bull gear through gear
trains
Motor is coupled to D.C. generator
When motor is started, generator supplies power
to reversible motor
174

175. Reversible motor causes the planer table to move
At the end of stroke, trip dog operates the switch
which reverses the direction of table
Speed of cutting stroke is reduced by regulating
the field current of the generator
175

176. A.C.drivin
g motor
ter
176
Generator
Reversibl
e motorMotor
field
resistance
Motor
field
Generatorfield
Reversingswitch

177. TABLE
OperatingCylinder
Speed
177
Control

178. ⦁Duringcuttingstroke,
oil is pumped into LHS
of cylinder
As the area is less due
to presence of piston
rod, less force acts
So the table moves
slowly in cutting stroke
At the end of each
stroke trip dog
operates a lever
Lever actuates the
control valve of circuit
TABLE
178

179. ⦁Oilis pumped into the
Operatingcylinder
Cylinder contains
piston & piston rod
The other end of
piston rod is
connected to the Table
During return stroke,
oil is pumped into RHS
of cylinder
More force acts on the
piston & it moves
quickly
TABLE
179

180. Flow of oil is changed from one side to the other
side of cylinder
The length of stroke can be varied by adjusting the
distance between trip dogs
180

181. 1.PlaningHorizontalSurfaces
2.PlaningVertical Surfaces
3.PlaningAngularSurfaces/ Dovetails
4.PlaningCurved surfaces
5.PlaningSlots,keyways&Grooves
181

182. ??????Fixthe workproperlyonthe table
??????Settherequiredcuttingspeed
??????Giverequiredfeedof thetool
??????Givesuitabledepthofcutforroughcuts
??????Finishingthejob by givinglessdepthofcut
182

183. WORK
PLANERTABLE
PlaningHorizontalSurfaces
TOOL
183
CLAPPERBLOCK

184. ⦁Fixthejobonthetablefirmly
⦁Align thesurfacetobemachinedproperly
⦁Verticalsideisadjustedperpendiculartothetable
⦁Swiveltheapronawayfromthejob
⦁Switchonthemachine
⦁Rotatedownfeedscrewbyhandtogive down feed
184

185. WORK
PLANERTABLE
185

186. Main angular planing is to make dove tails & V
grooves
Set the work on the table
Swivel the tool head to the required angle
Set apron away from work
Give down feed as per requirement
186

187. 187

188. Fix up a square nose tool in tool head
Required form is obtained by feeding the tool
simultaneously in both hor. & ver. Directions
Give suitable depth of cut
This can also be done with the aid of a special
fixture
188

189. T
O
O
L
WORK
PLANER TABLE
Planing Formed
Surfaces
189

190. Fix up the job on the table suitably
Fix Slotter tools in tool heads
Give feed using down feed screw
Move the tool by the required amount to get
uniform slots / grooves
190

191. PLANERTABLE
191
WORK

192. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A comparatively lighter and cheaper machine.
Requires less floor area.
Tool reciprocates horizontally Work is
stationary during cutting.
Very heavy cuts and coarse feeds cannot be
employed.
Clamping of work is simple and easy.
7. Usuallyonetoolis usedonashaper.
8. Usedformachiningsmallsizeworkpiece
comparatively
Shaper
Planer
Heavier, more rigid costlier machine.
Requires more floor area.
Work reciprocates horizontally. Tool is
stationary during cutting.
Heavier cuts and coarse feeds can be
employed.
Work setting requires much of skill and
take longer time.
Several tools can be mounted and
employed simultaneously, usually four as a
maximum facilitating a faster rate of
production.
Used for machining large size work pieces.