SharePoint Object Model, Web Services and Events

SharePoint Object Model, Web Services and Events

1. SharePoint Object Model, Web Services, and Events Mohan

2. Agenda NET Object model Development Options Development E nvironment Managing Apps with PowerShell Managing Office 365 & SharePoint Online

3. .NET Object Model & Security

4. .NET Object Model Managed code object model on the server Accessible via ASP.NET or any other server process Implemented in C# Exposes almost of all of the data stored in WSS Examples of what can be done with the Object Mode: Add, edit, delete, and retrieve data from SharePoint Lists Create new lists and set list metadata (e.g. the fields in a list) Set web properties Work with documents in document libraries. Perform administrative tasks such as creating webs, adding users, creating roles, etc. Pretty much any functionality in the UI can be automated through the OM!

5. ASP.Net Security For content stored in WSS, only registered set of web custom controls will run in pages Inline script in the page will not execute Code behind in pages can be made to work All Executable code (e.g. web custom controls, web parts, and code-behind classes) needs to be installed on physical web server

6. SharePoint SharePoint Foundation(WSS) Site and Workspace Provisioning Engine Out-of-the-box Collaboration Services SharePoint Server User Profiles, Search, Workflows, WCM BCS, Excel Services, Forms Services, Access, ECM SharePoint 2013 Foundation Browser Clients MS Word Clients MS Outlook Clients SharePoint 2013 Server Windows Server 2008 R2 / Windows 2012 Internet Information Services 7.0 or Above .NET Framework 4.5

7. Development Options

8. SharePoint 2013 Development Options Farm-Trust Solutions Introduced in SharePoint 2007 Hosted in the same process as SharePoint Full server-side SharePoint API access Sandbox Solutions For existing SharePoint 2010 solutions only SharePoint App Model Introduced in SharePoint 2013 Provides for highest level of app isolation Much cleaner & simpler install & upgrade process

9. Development environment Requires x64 operating system Windows Server 2008/2012 Windows Server 2008R2/2013 SharePoint 2010 must be installed locally SharePoint Foundation or SharePoint Server Visual Studio 2010/2012 Additional software as required in the project

10. Getting Started with OM Build a web part This is the best option to write code that functions are part of a WSS site or solution There will be lots of documentation with the beta on how to build a web part. Web Part is reusable and can be managed using all of the web part tools and UI.

11. Getting Started with the OM Build an ASPX page Code cannot live inline in a page within the site. Creating pages underneath the /_layouts directory is often the best option for custom ASPX apps on top of SharePoint This lets your page be accessible from any web. For example, if you build mypage.aspx in _Layouts, it is accessible from the following URLs: http://myweb/_layouts/myapp/mypage.aspx http://myweb/subweb1/_layouts/myapp/mypage.aspx ASPX page will run using the context of the web under which it is running.

12. Getting Started with the OM Windows Executable or any other application Object model can be called from pretty much any code context. It is not limited to just web parts or ASP.Net For example, you could build a command-line utility to perform certain actions

13. Working with the OM The object model has three top-level objects: SPWeb (represents an individual site) SPSite (represents a site collection, which is a set of web sites) SPGlobalAdmin (used for global administration settings) In order to perform actions on data within a web, you must first get an SPWeb object.

14. Adding our namespace You should add references to the WSS namespaces to your source files using Microsoft.SharePoint ; using Microsoft.SharePoint.WebControls ; using Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration ; …

15. Example Objects List Data SPField SPFieldCollection SPListCollection SPList SPListItemCollection SPListItem SPView Administration SPGlobalAdmin SPQuota SPVirtualServer Security SPGroup SPGroupCollection SPSite SPUser SPUserCollection Documents SPDocumentLibrary SPFile SPFileCollection SPFolder

16. Hierarchical Overview of Objects in SharePoint SPFarm SPService SPWeb Application SPSite SPWeb SPList SPWeb SPList

17. SPFarm Objects SPFarm represents the highest-level object in the hierarchy It is a class AND a global, static object SPFarm has no constructors Cannot be created or disposed Must be set to an existing static object SPFarm.Local provides the entry point to the current farm SPFarm exposes properties, methods, and events that affect farmwide settings For example: DefaultServiceAccount , Servers, Services, Solutions, OnBackup , OnRestore , Upgrade SPFarm thisFarm = SPFarm.Local ; if ( thisFarm.CurrentUserIsAdministrator ) { ... }

18. SPService Objects SPService objects represent farmwide services For example: Forms Services, Access Services, PerformancePoint Services, SharePoint Server Search Service, Excel Calculation Services, User Profile Service, Business Data Connectivity Service, Managed Metadata Services SPWebService is a type of SPService Each Web Application belongs to an SPWebService SPFarm thisFarm = SPFarm.Local ; if( thisFarm.CurrentUserIsAdministrator ) { foreach ( SPService svc in thisFarm.Services ) { if (svc is SPWebService ) { SPWebService webSvc = ( SPWebService )svc; ... } } }

19. SPWebApplication Objects SPWebApplication objects map to IIS Web sites Not the same as a SharePoint Site or SharePoint Web Each SPWebApplication has its own Web.config Administrators typically create Web Applications by using SharePoint Central Administration Developers can also create Web Applications by adding to the WebApplications collection of a SPWebService object, but this is not a typical action More typically, developers work with an existing SPWebApplication For example, to control Alert settings, create new site collections, or to control maximum file size settings Developers can also delete Web Applications, but this is not a typical action Exercise caution

20. SPWebApplication Example SPFarm thisFarm = SPFarm.Local ; if( thisFarm.CurrentUserIsAdministrator ) { foreach ( SPService svc in thisFarm.Services ) { if(svc is SPWebService ) { SPWebService webSvc = ( SPWebService )svc; foreach ( SPWebApplication webApp in webSvc.WebApplications ) { if (! webApp.IsAdministrationWebApplication ) { ... } } } } }

21. SPSite Objects SPSite objects represent site collections Each SPSite has a RootWeb property ( SPWeb ) Typically a security boundary and a container for users, groups, rights, permissions SPSite objects can contain site-level features and solutions Instantiate SPSite objects: By using its constructor As a member of the Sites collection of an SPWebApplication By referencing the current context site Different instantiation approaches require different disposal strategies

22. SPSite Examples ... foreach ( SPSite site in webApp.Sites ) { site.CatchAccessDeniedException = false; try { ... site.CatchAccessDeniedException = false; } finally { site.Dispose (); } } SPSite remoteSite = new SPSite ("http://sharepoint"); ... remoteSite.Dispose (); SPSite thisSite = SPContext.Current.Site ; ... // Do NOT dispose thisSite

23. SPWeb Objects SPWeb objects represent SharePoint sites Can contain pages, lists, and libraries Can contain other objects (subwebs) Instantiating SPWeb objects: As the RootWeb property of an SPSite object As a member of the AllWebs collection of an SPSite object As the return value of the OpenWeb method of an SPSite object By referencing the current context Web Different instantiation approaches require different disposal strategies

24. SPWeb Examples SPSite knownSite = new SPSite ("http://sharepoint"); SPWeb knownWeb = knownSite.RootWeb ; SPWeb knownSubWeb = knownSite.OpenWeb ("/projects"); ... knownSubWeb .Dispose (); knownWeb.Dispose (); knownSite.Dispose (); SPWeb thisWeb = SPContext.Current.Web ; ... // Do NOT dispose thisWeb ... foreach ( SPWeb childWeb in site.RootWeb.Webs ) { try { ... } finally { childWeb.Dispose (); } }

25. SPList Objects SPList objects are the primary container for data Native data Documents Images and other media Lookups SPList objects can be referenced as members of the Lists collection from an SPWeb object Developers can create SPList objects by adding to the Lists collection SPList objects expose many properties that affect list behaviors, such as versioning settings, content type support, and visibility

26. SPList Example ... foreach ( SPSite site in webApp.Sites ) { site.CatchAccessDeniedException = false; try { foreach ( SPWeb childWeb in site.RootWeb.Webs ) { try { foreach ( SPList list in childWeb.Lists ) { if(! list.Hidden ) { ... } } } finally { childWeb.Dispose (); } } site.CatchAccessDeniedException = false; } finally { site.Dispose (); } }

27. Key Object – SPWeb Starting point to get at the Lists, Items, Documents, Users, Alerts, etc. for a web site. Example Properties: Web.Lists (returns a collection of lists) Web.Title (returns the title of the site) Web.Users (returns the users on the site) In a web part or ASPX page, you can use the following line to get a SPWeb: SPWeb myweb = SPControl.GetContextWeb(Context);

28. Accessing data in a WSS List Get a SPList or SPDocumentLibrary object. SPList mylist = web.Lists[“Events”]; You can then call the .Items property to get all of the items: SPListItemCollection items = mylist.Items; If you only want a subset of the items, call the GetItems method and pass a SPQuery object SPListItemCollection items = mylist.GetItems(query);

29. Accessing data in a list To get data for a field, specify the field name in the indexer for an SPListItem foreach(SPListItem item in items) { Response.Write(item["Due Date"].ToString()); Response.Write(item["Status"].ToString()); Response.WRite(item["Title"].ToString()); }

30. Full Example SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb(Context); SPList tasks = web.Lists["Tasks"]; SPListItemCollection items=tasks.Items; foreach(SPListItem item in items) { output.Write(item["Title"].ToString() + item["Status"].ToString() + "<br>"); }

31. Updating data Most objects in WSS do not immediately update data when you change a property You need to first call the Update() method on the object This helps performance by minimizing SQL queries underneath the covers Example: SPList mylist = web.Lists[“Tasks”]; mylist.Title=“Tasks!!!”; mylist.Description=“Description!!”; Mylist.Update();

32. Updating List Data SPListItem is another example of an object where you need to call update: Example: SPListItem item = items[0]; item["Status"]="Not Started"; item["Title"]="Task Title"; item.Update();

33. FormDigest Security By default, the object model will not allow data updates if the form submitting the data does not contain the ‘FormDigest’ security key. FormDigest is based on username and site. It will time out after 30 minutes. Best solution is to include <FormDigest runat=“Server”/> web folder control in ASPX page. If you do not need the security the FormDigest provides, you can set to SPWeb.AllowUnsafeUpdates to bypass this check.

34. Adding Users to a web Get the appropriate SPRole object: SPRole admins = web.Roles["Administrator"]; Call the AddUser method: admins.AddUser("redmond\\gfoltz","[email protected]","Greg Foltz","");

35. Keep objects around If you create and destroy objects frequently, you may do extra SQL queries and have code that is incorrect: Bad Example : SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb (Context); web.Lists ["Tasks"].Title=" mytitle "; web.Lists ["Tasks"].Description=" mydescription "; web.Lists ["Tasks"].Update (); Good Example : SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb (Context); SPList mylist = web.Lists ["Tasks"]; mylist.Title =" mytitle "; mylist.Description =" mydescription "; mylist.Update ();

36. Web Services in WSS SharePoint will have web services APIs for accessing content. The web services layer will be built on top of the server OM. Allows manipulation of Lists, Webs, Views, List Items, etc. Functionality will be similar to server object model, but with fewer interfaces optimized to minimize transactions. Office11 (e.g. Excel, DataSheet, Work, Outlook, FrontPage, etc) use web services to access data from WSS.

37. Web Service Methods GetListCollection GetListItems GetWebCollection UpdateList UpdateListItems GetWebInfo GetWebPart GetSmartPageDocument And more…

38. Getting Started With Web Services Create a Windows Application In Visual Studio, choose ‘Add Web Reference’ Enter http://<server>/_vti_bin/lists.asmx to access the lists web service Other services include: UserGroups.asmx – users and groups Webs.asmx – Web information Views.asmx – View information Subscription.asmx – Subscriptions

39. Getting Started with Web Services To send the logged on users’ credentials from the client, add the following line in the web reference object’s constructor: public Lists() { this.Url = "http://mikmort3/_vti_bin/lists.asmx"; this.Credentials=System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials; }

40. Events We support events on document libraries. Operations such as add, update, delete, check-in, check-out, etc. Events are asynchronous Events call IListEventSink managed interface. Documentation and Sample in the SDK

41. Optimizing Performance of OM The biggest goal is to minimize the number of SQL queries. It may be helpful to use the SQL profiler to monitor what the OM is doing underneath the covers Minimizing managed/unmanaged transitions also a goal, though this is mostly taken care within the OM.

42. What about CAML? Page Execution will no longer be driven by CAML (XML schema used in SharePoint) CAML is still used in several places Field Type Definitions Site and List Templates View definitions

43. Code Example -- Enumerate Lists and Webs private void ShowSubWebs ( HtmlTextWriter output) { SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb (Context); SPWebCollection mywebs = web.Webs ; foreach ( SPWeb myweb in mywebs ) { output.Write ( myweb.Title + "< br >"); } } private void ShowSubWebsWithLists ( HtmlTextWriter output) { SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb (Context); SPWebCollection mywebs = web.Webs ; foreach ( SPWeb myweb in mywebs ) { output.Write ("<b>" + myweb.Title + "< br >" + "</b>"); SPListCollection lists = myweb.Lists ; foreach ( SPList list in lists) { if ( list.ItemCount >10) { output.Write ( list.Title + ": " + list.ItemCount + "< br >"); } } } }

44. Code Snippet – Copy Files private SPWeb web; private void Page_Load (object sender, System.EventArgs e) { web = SPControl.GetContextWeb (Context); } private void Button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { int maxsize = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox1.Text); SPFolder myfolder = web.GetFolder ("Shared Documents"); SPFileCollection myfiles = myfolder.Files ; foreach ( SPFile file in myfiles ) { if ( file.Length >( maxsize *1024)) { Response.Write ( file.Name + ": " + file.Length /1024 + "kb< br >"); file.CopyTo ("Archive/"+ file.Name,true ); } } }

45. Code Snippet – Add users private void Button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb(Context); string username = TextBox1.Text; string displayname = TextBox2.Text; string email = TextBox3.Text; SPRole admins = web.Roles["Administrator"]; try { admins.AddUser(username,email,displayname,""); Label4.Text="Successfully added user"; } catch(Exception ex) { Label4.Text=ex.ToString(); } }

46. Q & A